scholarly journals An Investigation of Reliability of the Sunderland Tracheosophageal Voice Perceptual Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Coffey ◽  
Neil Tolley ◽  
David Howard ◽  
Mary Hickson
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Scale

Validity of Perceptions during Recovery from Maximal Exercise in Men and Women

1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 891-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce J. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Borg Scale ◽  
Percent Recovery ◽  
Validity Criterion ◽  
Linear Trends ◽  
Time Point ◽  
Perceptual Scale

The Borg Scale, widely used to measure perceptions of exercise, has not been validated for use during recovery. Heart rate was used as the validity criterion. 11 untrained men and 10 untrained women were run to exhaustion on a treadmill. Heart rate and recovery ratings were obtained at:15, :45, 1:15, 1:45, 2:30, 3:30 and 4:30 min. following exercise. No significant differences were observed between sexes for both heart rate and recovery ratings. Trend analysis showed recovery ratings to be linear between :45 and 4:30 while heart rate is best described by two linear trends with a break point at 2:30. Percent recovery was significantly faster for recovery ratings at :45, 1:15, 1:45 and 4:30. Heart rate and recovery ratings were not significantly correlated at any time point. A perceptual scale should be designed which more closely approximates metabolic response during recovery.

Does the competitive orientation really lead to emphasis on different internal capabilities?

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1075-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Tsang Chen ◽  
Ronaldo Gomes Dultra-de-Lima ◽  
João Mário Csillag ◽  
José Carlos Tiomatsu Oyadomari
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Strategy Implementation ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internal Capabilities ◽  
Systematic Strategy ◽  
Competitive Priority ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Perceptual Scale

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate if the organization competitive orientation can really make firms emphasize different internal capability. This paper aims to revisit and extend the study proposed by Fleury and Fleury (2003). Design/methodology/approach – The survey instrument was employed to collect the sample composed by 163 companies from different sectors of Brazilian market. Additionally, several statistic techniques were applied such as cluster analysis, ANOVA test and hierarchical regression analysis to investigate the phenomenon. Findings – It was observed that three possible clusters can be built based on cumulative capabilities perspective and the Operation oriented group has no emphasis on production, logistic nether R & D capability, while other two clusters have a distinctive attentions on their internal capabilities. Research limitations/implications – The limitation of this research lies in using perceptual scale for performance and few constructs with one item for measuring. On the other hand, this research has revisited the taxonomy topic based on cumulative capability perspective and discussed the trade-off concepts assumed in past studies. Practical implications – This study has demonstrated the absence of systematic strategy implementation of those that are considered Operational oriented. Additionally, the authors have demonstrated that market share and customer satisfaction performance are impacted by different competitive priority as well as internal capability. Originality/value – The authors reviewed the work proposed by Fleury and Fleury (2003), and went further in proposing a taxonomy complementation suggested by them. Additionally the authors discussed the assumptions of the taxonomies that have been adopted up today and explored this issue using cumulative capabilities concept. This work is based on competitive orientations, internal capability and cumulative capabilities suggested by seminar papers.

scholarly journals Suprathreshold contrast response in normal and anomalous trichromats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Knoblauch ◽  
Brennan Marsh-Armstrong ◽  
John S. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Contrast Gain ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Response Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Contrast Response ◽  
Contrast Range ◽  
Perceptual Scale

AbstractMaximum Likelihood Difference Scaling was used to measure suprathreshold contrast response difference scales for low-frequency Gabor patterns modulated along luminance and L-M color directions in normal, protanomalous, and deuteranomalous observers. Based on a signal-detection model, perceptual scale values, parameterized as d′, were estimated by maximum likelihood. The difference scales were well fit by a Michaelis-Menten model, permitting estimates of response and contrast gain parameters for each subject. Anomalous observers showed no significant differences in response or contrast gain from normal observers for luminance contrast. For chromatic modulations, however, anomalous observers displayed higher contrast and lower response gain compared to normal observers. These effects cannot be explained by simple pigment shift models and support a compensation mechanism to optimize the mapping of the input contrast range to the neural response range. A linear relation between response and contrast gain suggests a neural trade-off between them.

scholarly journals Scaling and discriminability of perceived gloss

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Raleigh Cheeseman ◽  
James A. Ferwerda ◽  
Frank J. Maile ◽  
Roland Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Visual Sensitivity ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Natural Illumination ◽  
Specular Reflectance ◽  
Reflectance Model ◽  
Perceptual Scale ◽  
Method Of Constant Stimuli

While much attention has been given to understanding biases in gloss perception (e.g., changes in perceived reflectance as a function of lighting, shape, viewpoint and other factors), here we investigated sensitivity to changes in surface reflectance. We tested how visual sensitivity to differences in specular reflectance varies as a function of the magnitude of specular reflectance. Stimuli consisted of renderings of glossy objects under natural illumination. Using Maximum Likelihood Difference Scaling, we created a perceptual scaling of the specular reflectance parameter of the Ward reflectance model. Then, using the Method of Constant Stimuli and a standard 2AFC procedure, we obtained psychometric functions for gloss discrimination across a range of reflectance values derived from the perceptual scale. Both methods demonstrate that discriminability is significantly diminished at high levels of specular reflectance, suggesting that gloss sensitivity depends on the magnitude of change in the image produced by different reflectance values.

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