scholarly journals Perceived Stress and Mild Cognitive Impairment among 32,715 Community-Dwelling Older Adults across Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Gerontology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Koyanagi ◽  
Hans Oh ◽  
Davy Vancampfort ◽  
Andre F. Carvalho ◽  
Nicola Veronese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Stress Score ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: Perceived stress may be a modifiable risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and ultimately dementia, but studies on this topic from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are lacking. Objective: We assessed the association between perceived stress and MCI in six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa) using nationally representative data. Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based data on individuals aged ≥50 years from the World Health Organization’s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Ageing-Alzheimer’s Association criteria. A perceived stress score (range 0 [lowest stress] to 10 [highest stress]) was computed based on two questions from the Perceived Stress Scale. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the as­sociation between perceived stress and MCI. Results: The mean (SD) age of the 32,715 participants was 62.1 (15.6) years and 51.7% were females. After adjustment for potential confounders including depression, in the overall sample, a one-unit increase in the perceived stress score was associated with a 1.14 (95% CI = 1.11–1.18) times higher odds for MCI. The association was similar among those aged 50–64 and ≥65 years. Countrywise analysis showed that there was a moderate level of between-country heterogeneity in this association (I2 = 59.4%), with the strongest association observed in Russia (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.15–1.55). Conclusion: If our study results are confirmed in prospective studies, addressing perceived stress may have an impact in reducing the risk for MCI and subsequent dementia in LMICs.

Correlates of physical activity among community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years or older with anxiety in six low- and middle-income countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davy Vancampfort ◽  
Brendon Stubbs ◽  
Mats Hallgren ◽  
Nicola Veronese ◽  
James Mugisha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
World Health ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low And Middle Income

ABSTRACTBackground:Given the important health benefits of physical activity (PA) and the higher risk for physical inactivity in people with anxiety, and the high prevalence of anxiety and low PA among the elderly, there is a need for research to investigate what factors influence PA participation among anxious older individuals. We investigated PA correlates among community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 years with anxiety symptoms in six low- and middle-income countries.Methods:Cross-sectional data from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. PA level was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. 980 participants with anxiety (mean age 73.3 years; 62.4% females) were grouped into those who do and do not (low PA) meet the 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA per week recommendation. Associations between PA and the correlates were examined using multivariable logistic regressions.Results:The prevalence of low PA was 44.9% (95% CI = 39.2–50.7%). Older age, male gender, less consumption of alcohol, mild cognitive impairment, pain, a wide range of somatic co-morbidities, slow gait, weak grip strength, poor self-rated health, and lower levels of social cohesion were identified as significant positive correlates of low PA.Conclusions:Our data illustrate that a number of sociodemographic and health factors are associated with PA levels among older people with symptoms of anxiety. The promotion of social cohesion may increase the efficacy of public health initiatives, while from a clinical perspective, somatic co-morbidities, cognitive impairment, pain, muscle strength, and slow gait need to be considered.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults from Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Louis Jacob ◽  
Karel Kostev ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
Hans Oh ◽  
Guillermo F. López-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Skeletal Mass ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: Little is known about the relationship between sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objective: This study aimed to investigate this association among community-dwelling adults aged≥65 years from six LMICs. Methods: Cross-sectional, nationally representative data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) were analyzed. These data were obtained in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa in 2007–2010. Participants were considered to have sarcopenia if they had low skeletal muscle mass (i.e., lower skeletal mass index) and a weak handgrip strength. MCI was defined using the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess associations. Results: The final analytical sample consisted of 12,912 individuals aged≥65 years with preservation in functional abilities without stroke (mean [standard deviation] age 72.2 [10.8] years; 45.2% males). The overall prevalence of sarcopenia and MCI were 11.3% and 18.1%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was a positive association between sarcopenia and MCI in all countries (i.e., odds ratio [OR] >  1) with the exception of South Africa, and the overall estimate was OR = 1.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32–1.93) with a low level of between-country heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0%). Conclusion: There was a positive association between sarcopenia and MCI in this sample of older adults living in LMICs. Causality should be assessed in future longitudinal research, while the utility of sarcopenia as a marker of MCI should also be investigated.

scholarly journals Active Travel and Mild Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1243
Author(s):  
Lee Smith ◽  
Nicola Veronese ◽  
Guillermo F. López-Sánchez ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Damiano Pizzol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Active travel may be an easily achievable form of physical activity for older people especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but there are currently no studies on how this form of physical activity is associated with a preclinical state of dementia known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between active travel and MCI among adults aged ≥50 years from six LMICs. Cross-sectional, community-based data from the World Health Organization’s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Ageing-Alzheimer’s Association criteria. Active travel (minutes/week) was assessed with questions of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and presented in tertiles. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between active travel and MCI. Data on 32715 people aged ≥ 50 years (mean age 62.4 years; 52.1% females) were analyzed. Compared to the highest tertile of active travel, the lowest tertile was associated with 1.33 (95%CI = 1.14–1.54) times higher odds for MCI overall. This association was particularly pronounced among those aged ≥65 years (OR = 1.70; 95%CI = 1.32–2.19) but active travel was not associated with MCI among those aged 50–64 years. In conclusion, low levels of active travel were associated with a significantly higher odds of MCI in adults aged ≥65 years in LMICs. Promoting active travel among people of this age group in LMICs via tailored interventions and/or country-wide infrastructure investment to provide a safe environment for active travel may lead to a reduction in MCI and subsequent dementia.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Andrea M. McGrattan ◽  
Yueping Zhu ◽  
Connor D. Richardson ◽  
Devi Mohan ◽  
Yee Chang Soh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Total N ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a cognitive state associated with increased risk of dementia. Little research on MCI exists from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite high prevalence of dementia in these settings. Objective: This systematic review aimed to review epidemiological reports to determine the prevalence of MCI and its associated risk factors in LMICs. Methods: Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched from inception until November 2019. Eligible articles reported on MCI in population or community-based studies from LMICs. No restrictions on the definition of MCI used as long as it was clearly defined. Results: 4,621 articles were screened, and 78 retained. In total, n = 23 different LMICs were represented; mostly from China (n = 55 studies). Few studies from countries defined as lower-middle income (n = 14), low income (n = 4), or from population representative samples (n = 4). There was large heterogeneity in how MCI was diagnosed; with Petersen criteria the most commonly applied (n = 26). Prevalence of aMCI (Petersen criteria) ranged from 0.6%to 22.3%. Similar variability existed across studies using the International Working Group Criteria for aMCI (range 4.5%to 18.3%) and all-MCI (range 6.1%to 30.4%). Risk of MCI was associated with demographic (e.g., age), health (e.g., cardio-metabolic disease), and lifestyle (e.g., social isolation, smoking, diet and physical activity) factors. Conclusion: Outside of China, few MCI studies have been conducted in LMIC settings. There is an urgent need for population representative epidemiological studies to determine MCI prevalence in LMICs. MCI diagnostic methodology also needs to be standardized. This will allow for cross-study comparison and future resource planning.

Mild cognitive impairment and physical activity in the general population: Findings from six low- and middle-income countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davy Vancampfort ◽  
Brendon Stubbs ◽  
Elvira Lara ◽  
Mathieu Vandenbulcke ◽  
Nathalie Swinnen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
General Population ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Association between diabetes and edentulism and their joint effects on health status in 40 low and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e002514
Author(s):  
Louis Jacob ◽  
Jae Il Shin ◽  
Hans Oh ◽  
Guillermo F López-Sánchez ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Survey ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

IntroductionPrevious studies on the diabetes–edentulism relationship have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the association between diabetes and edentulism, and their joint effects on health status in adults from 40 low and middle-income countries (LMICs).Research design and methodsData from the World Health Survey were used for this cross-sectional study (2002–2004). Forty countries (18 low-income and 22 middle-income countries) were included. Edentulism and diabetes were assessed using yes-no questions based on self-report. Health status was assessed in seven different domains (self-care, pain/discomfort, cognition, interpersonal activities, sleep/energy, affect, and perceived stress). The association between diabetes (exposure) and edentulism (outcome) was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models, while their joint effects on health status were assessed using multivariable linear regression models.ResultsThere were 175 814 adults aged ≥18 years included in this study (mean (SD) age 38.4 (16.0) years; 49.3% men). Overall, the prevalence of edentulism was 6.0% and diabetes was 2.9%. There was a positive and significant association between diabetes and edentulism in the overall sample (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.66), in low-income countries (OR=1.78, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.62) and in middle-income countries (OR=1.24, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.47). In addition, people with comorbid diabetes and edentulism had worse health status in the domains of cognition, sleep/energy, and perceived stress, compared with those with diabetes only.ConclusionsDiabetes was positively associated with edentulism in this sample of more than 175 000 individuals living in LMICs. Providing oral care to individuals with diabetes may potentially lead to a reduction in their risk of edentulism.

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