scholarly journals The Effect of Overhydration on Mortality and Technique Failure Among Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Shu ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Xiaoxi Zeng ◽  
Hyokyoung G. Hong ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Journal Club ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Technique Failure

Background: Overhydration is common among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and can affect PD-related outcomes. This paper aims to systematically investigate whether bioimpedance-assessed overhydration is a predictor for mortality and technique failure in PD patients. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies on overhydration and prognosis in PD patients, strictly complying with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematical Reviews and Meta-analyses. Results: Eight articles met the selection criteria and 5 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analyses-revealed overhydration, defined as a high ratio of extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW), was significantly associated with higher risk for all-cause mortality and technique failure. Other higher dichotomized overhydration indicators and continuous hydration variables all indicated overhydration as a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality. Conclusion: Overhydration, defined by a higher ratio of ECW/TBW, might be an independent predictor for all-cause mortality and technique failure among PD patients. However, more studies are needed to confirm this conclusion. Video Journal Club ‘Cappuccino with Claudio Ronco’ at https://www.karger.com/Journal/ArticleNews/223997?​sponsor=52

scholarly journals Smoking and Incidence of Insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Hu ◽  
Chunyi Wang ◽  
Yan Liao ◽  
Qichen Dai ◽  
Shiyi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Both smoking and insomnia are worldwide problems and this study aims to investigate the impact of smoking on the incidence of insomnia. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and OVID were searched through March, 2020. Cohort studies reporting the effect of smoking on the incidence of insomnia were included. We quantitatively analyzed the basic framework and study characteristics, and then pooled estimate effects with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of outcomes of each included studies using fixed-effects meta-analyses. Results: This systematic review included six cohort studies involving 12445 participants. Quantitatively summarized results suggested smoking could significantly increase the incidence of insomnia (OR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02,1.13). Regular smoking was significantly associated with incidence of insomnia (OR=1.07, 95% CI:1.01,1.13). As for occasional smokers and ex-smokers, the pooled analysis didn’t indicate a significant association (occasional smoker: OR=2.09, 95% CI:0.44,9.95; ex-smoker; OR=1.02, 95% CI:0.67,1.54). Subgroup analysis by age, gender ratio and region showed statistically significant relationship between smoking and incidence of insomnia in specific groups. Conclusions: Integrated longitudinal observational evidence identified smoking as a significant risk factor of insomnia. Considering the limited amount of available studies, more high-quality and prospective cohort studies of large sample sizes are needed to explore details of this association.

scholarly journals Smoking and Incidence of Insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Hu ◽  
Chunyi Wang ◽  
Yan Liao ◽  
Qichen Dai ◽  
Shiyi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Both smoking and insomnia are worldwide problems and this study aims to investigate the impact of smoking on the incidence of insomnia. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and OVID were searched through March, 2020. Cohort studies reporting the effect of smoking on the incidence of insomnia were included. We quantitatively analyzed the basic framework and study characteristics, and then pooled estimate effects with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of outcomes of each included studies using fixed-effects meta-analyses. Results: This systematic review included six cohort studies involving 12445 participants. Quantitatively summarized results suggested smoking could significantly increase the incidence of insomnia (OR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02,1.13). Regular smoking was significantly associated with incidence of insomnia (OR=1.07, 95% CI:1.01,1.13). As for occasional smokers and ex-smokers, the pooled analysis didn’t indicate a significant association (occasional smoker: OR=2.09, 95% CI:0.44,9.95; ex-smoker; OR=1.02, 95% CI:0.67,1.54). Subgroup analysis by age, gender ratio and region showed statistically significant relationship between smoking and incidence of insomnia in specific groups. Conclusions: Integrated longitudinal observational evidence identified smoking as a significant risk factor of insomnia. Considering the limited amount of available studies, more high-quality and prospective cohort studies of large sample sizes are needed to explore details of this association.

scholarly journals Smoking and Incidence of Insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Hu ◽  
Chunyi Wang ◽  
Yan Liao ◽  
Qichen Dai ◽  
Shiyi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Both smoking and insomnia are worldwide problems and this study aims to investigate the impact of smoking on the incidence of insomnia. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and OVID were searched through March, 2020. Cohort studies reporting the effect of smoking on the incidence of insomnia were included. We quantitatively analyzed the basic framework and study characteristics, and then pooled estimate effects with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of outcomes of each included studies using fixed-effects meta-analyses. Results: This systematic review included six cohort studies involving 12445 participants. Quantitatively summarized results suggested smoking could significantly increase the incidence of insomnia (OR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02,1.13). Regular smoking was significantly associated with incidence of insomnia (OR=1.07, 95% CI:1.01,1.13). As for occasional smokers and ex-smokers, the pooled analysis didn’t indicate a significant association (occasional smoker: OR=2.09, 95% CI:0.44,9.95; ex-smoker; OR=1.02, 95% CI:0.67,1.54). Subgroup analysis by age, gender ratio and region showed statistically significant relationship between smoking and incidence of insomnia in specific groups. Conclusions: Integrated longitudinal observational evidence identified smoking as a significant risk factor of insomnia. Considering the limited amount of available studies, more high-quality and prospective cohort studies of large sample sizes are needed to explore details of this association.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and outcomes of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paddy Ssentongo ◽  
Emily S. Heilbrunn ◽  
Anna E. Ssentongo ◽  
Shailesh Advani ◽  
Vernon M. Chinchilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Negative

AbstractSusceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the risk of mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA) is largely unknown. PLWHA are unique due to their altered immune system from their history of chronic HIV infection and their use of antiretroviral therapy, some of which have been used experimentally to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the epidemiology of SARS-COV-2/HIV coinfection and estimate associated mortality from COVID-19 (Prospero Registration ID: CRD42020187980). PubMed, SCOPUS, OVID and Cochrane Library databases, and medRxiv preprint repositories were searched from January 1, 2020, to December 12, 2020. Data were extracted from studies reporting COVID-19 attack and mortality rates in PLWHA compared to their HIV-negative counterparts. Pooled attack and mortality risks were quantified using random-effects models. We identified 22 studies that included 20,982,498 participants across North America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. The median age was 56 years, and 50% were male. HIV-positive persons had a significantly higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection [risk ratio (RR) 1.24, 95% CI 1.05–1.46)] and mortality from COVID-19 (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.21–2.60) than HIV-negative individuals. The beneficial effects of tenofovir and protease-inhibitors in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death from COVID-19 in PLWHA remain inconclusive. HIV remains a significant risk factor for acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection and is associated with a higher risk of mortality from COVID-19. In support of the current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, persons with HIV need priority consideration for the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

scholarly journals Natriuretic peptide-guided treatment for heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie McLellan ◽  
Clare R Bankhead ◽  
Jason L Oke ◽  
F D Richard Hobbs ◽  
Clare J Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Individual Outcomes ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundGUIDE-IT, the largest trial to date, published in August 2017, evaluating the effectiveness of natriuretic peptide (NP)-guided treatment of heart failure (HF), was stopped early for futility on a composite outcome. However, the reported effect sizes on individual outcomes of all-cause mortality and HF admissions are potentially clinically relevant.ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis aims to combine all available trial level evidence to determine if NP-guided treatment of HF reduces all-cause mortality and HF admissions in patients with HF.Study selectionEight databases, no language restrictions, up to November 2017 were searched for all randomised controlled trials comparing NP-guided treatment versus clinical assessment alone in adult patients with HF. No language restrictions were applied. Publications were independently double screened and extracted. Fixed-effect meta-analyses were conducted.Findings89 papers were included, reporting 19 trials (4554 participants), average ages 62–80 years. Pooled risk ratio estimates for all-cause mortality (16 trials, 4063 participants) were 0.87, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.99 and 0.80, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.89 for HF admissions (11 trials, 2822 participants). Sensitivity analyses, restricted to low risk of bias, produced similar estimates, but were no longer statistically significant.ConclusionsConsidering all the evidence to date, the pooled effects suggest that NP-guided treatment is beneficial in reducing HF admissions and all-cause mortality. However, there is still insufficient high-quality evidence to make definitive recommendations on the use of NP-guided treatment in clinical practice.Trial registration numberSystematic Review Cochrane Database Number: CD008966.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Low Birth Weight in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nuradin Abusha Katiso ◽  
Getachew Mullu Kassa ◽  
Gedefaw Abeje Fekadu ◽  
Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe ◽  
Achenef Asmamaw Muche
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Unpublished Studies ◽  
Meta Analyses

Introduction. Low birth weight (LBW) is the most significant risk factor for neonatal and infant mortality. It is one of the major public health problems in developing countries. Although there are various studies on low birth weight, findings were inconsistent and inconclusive. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the national-pooled prevalence of low birth weight and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Method. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed. This meta-analysis employed a review of both published and unpublished studies conducted in Ethiopia. The databases used were PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and African Journals Online. Relevant search terms for prevalence and determinants of LBW were used to retrieve articles. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14 software. Forest plots were used to present the findings. The Cochran Q test and I2 test statistics were used to test heterogeneity across studies. Egger’s test was used to assess the publication bias of included studies. The pooled prevalence and the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed and were presented using forest plots. Results. A total of 28 studies, 50,110 newborn babies, were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of LBW in Ethiopia was 14.1% (95% CI = 11.2, 17.1). Higher variation in the prevalence of LBW in different regions across the country was observed. Significant association of LBW with sex of the newborn baby, higher odds among female babies (OR = 1.5 (95% CI = 1.2, 1.7)), prematurity (OR = 4.7 (95% CI = 1.5, 14.5)), not attending prenatal care (OR = 1.7 (95% CI = 1.4, 2.2)), pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR = 6.7 (95% CI = 3.5, 12.9)), and newborn babies whose mothers were from rural areas (OR = 1.8 (95% CI = 1.2, 2.6) were the factors associated with low birth weight. Conclusions. The prevalence of LBW in Ethiopia was high. LBW was associated with several maternal and newborn characteristics. The large disparity of LBW among the different regions in the country needs targeted intervention in areas with higher prevalence. Particular emphasis should be given to mothers residing in rural areas. Community-based programs are important to increase the use of prenatal care.

scholarly journals Effect of periodontal therapy on the systemic inflammation and metabolic  markers in patients undergoing hemodialysis or/and peritoneal dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yue ◽  
Xinxin Xu ◽  
Qin Liu ◽  
Xiaozhi Li ◽  
Yiting Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background: This systematic review aimed to investigate whether periodontal treatment can reduce the systemic inflammatory levels and improve the metabolic levels in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) or/and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, NCKI, and WFPD) were searched up to July 2019. The risk of bias within studies was assessed through the Cochrane Collaboration' s risk assessment tool. The systemic inflammatory and metabolic measures were the highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-a), the albumin (Alb), and lipid metabolic levels. Meta-analyses (MAs) were performed to calculate the overall effect size where appropriate. Results: Five studies were eligible for this systematic review. The result of four studies revealed a significant difference in the CRP level after periodontal treatment in patients receiving HD or/and PD. Two studies reported the IL-6 and the Alb level after periodontal treatment but revealed no significant difference. No MAs could be performed on the TNF- a level and the lipid metabolic markers. Conclusions: Periodontal treatment may moderately reduce the serum of CRP levels in HD or/and PD patients. For the TNF-a, IL-6, Alb levels and lipid metabolic markers, no sufficient evidence supports the difference after periodontal treatment. Therefore, larger scales and high-quality randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) are required to assess the effect of periodontal treatment on systemic inflammatory and metabolic parameters in HD or/and PD patients.

scholarly journals Efficacy and harms of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Piscoya ◽  
Luis Fernando Ng-Sueng ◽  
Angela Parra del Riego ◽  
Renato Cerna-Viacava ◽  
Vinay Pasupuleti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the efficacy and safety of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19.MethodsSystematic review in five engines, pre-print webpages and RCT registries until May 22, 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating remdesivir on confirmed, COVID-19 adults with pneumonia and/or respiratory insufficiency. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, clinical improvement or recovery, need for invasive ventilation, and serious adverse events (SAE). Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay, progression of pneumonia, and adverse events (AE). Inverse variance random effects meta-analyses were performed.ResultsTwo placebo-controlled RCTs (n=1300) and two case series (n=88) were included. All studies used remdesivir 200mg IV the first day and 100mg IV for 9 more days, and followed up until 28 days. Wang et al. RCT was stopped early due to AEs; ACTT-1 was preliminary reported at 15-day follow up. Time to clinical improvement was not decreased in Wang et al. RCT, but median time to recovery was decreased by 4 days in ACTT-1. Remdesivir did not decrease all-cause mortality (RR 0.71, 95%CI 0.39 to 1.28) and need for invasive ventilation at 14 days (RR 0.57, 95%CI 0.23 to 1.42), but had fewer SAEs (RR 0.77, 95%CI 0.63 to 0.94). AEs were similar between remdesivir and placebo arms. Risk of bias ranged from some concerns to high risk in RCTs.InterpretationThere is paucity of adequately powered and fully reported RCTs evaluating effects of remdesivir in adult, hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Remdesivir should not be recommended for the treatment of severe COVID-19.

scholarly journals Risk factors for infectiousness of patients with tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.A. Melsew ◽  
T.N. Doan ◽  
M. Gambhir ◽  
A.C. Cheng ◽  
E. McBryde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Cavitary Disease ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractWe performed a systematic review and meta-analyses of studies assessing tuberculosis (TB) patient-related risk factors for transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Meta-analyses were conducted for sputum smear-positivity, lung cavitation and HIV seropositivity of index patients with both crude and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) pooled using random effect models. Thirty-seven studies were included in the review. We found that demographic characteristics such as age and sex were not significant risk factors, while behaviours such as smoking and alcohol intake were associated with infectiousness although inconsistently. Treatment delay of >28 days was a significant predictor of greater infectiousness. Contacts of sputum smear-positive index patients were found to be more likely to be infected than contacts of sputum smear-negative patients, with a pooled AOR of 2.15 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47–3.17, I2 = 38%). Similarly, contacts of patients with the cavitary disease were around twice as likely to be infected as contacts of patients without cavitation (pooled AOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.26–2.84, I2 = 63%). In contrast, HIV seropositive patients were associated with few contact infections than HIV seronegative patients (AOR 0.45, 95% CI 0.26–0.80, I2 = 52%). In conclusion, behavioural and clinical characteristics of TB patients can be used to identify highly infectious patients for targeted interventions.

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