scholarly journals Prognostic Value of Circulating Lipoprotein in Patients with Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Ji-Jin Yao ◽  
Xiao-Jun He ◽  
Wayne R. Lawrence ◽  
Wang-Jian Zhang ◽  
Jia Kou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Significant Prognostic Factor ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Low Hdl

Background/Aims: Lipoproteins have been reported to be associated with prognosis in various cancers; however, the prognostic value of lipoproteins in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains largely unknown. We aim to asses the role of circulating lipoproteins in locoregionally advanced NPC patients. Methods: Between October 2009 and August 2012, a total of 1,081 patients with stage III-IVB NPC were included in the analysis. Circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are the two key lipoproteins, which were measured at baseline. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate different cut-off points for lipoproteins. Actuarial rates were performed using Kaplan–Meier methods and the log-rank test. Results: The cutoff points of HDL, LDL, and LDL/HDL ratio were 1.17 mmol/L, 3.75 mmol/L, and 2.73, respectively. At 5 years, high HDL (> 1.17 mmol/L) was significantly associated with better overall survival (OS, 86.6% vs. 78.9%; P=0.004), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS, 86.9% vs. 80.8%; P=0.004), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS, 90.8% vs. 85.4%; P=0.010), and progression-free survival (PFS, 79.1% vs. 70.2%; P= 0.001) than low HDL (≤1.17 mmol/L). In contrast, high LDL (> 3.75 mmol/L) tend to be inferior OS (79.1% vs. 84.9%; P= 0.016) in compassion with low LDL (≤3.75 mmol/L). Likewise, patients with high LDL/HDL ratio (> 2.73) tend to be inferior OS (79.3% vs. 86.9%; P=0.001), DMFS (81.9% vs. 86.5%; P=0.030), and PFS (72.6% vs. 77.8%; P= 0.034) than those of low LDL/HDL ratio (≤2.73). In multivariate analysis, baseline HDL was found to be a significant prognostic factor for LRFS (HR= 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45-0.93; P= 0.019) and PFS (HR=0.75; 95% CI, 0.58-0.98; P= 0.034). Conclusions: Circulating HDL is significantly associated with treatment outcomes in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC. We suggest that HDL measurements will be of great clinical significance in the management of NPC.

Prognostic Value of the Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio before Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Nonmetastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Chemotherapy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Liping Yang ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Zhenchao Tao ◽  
Jian He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Prognostic Index ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Free Survival

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) in patients with nonmetastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: Patients with nonmetastatic NPC who underwent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) were retrospectively analyzed. The AAPR was calculated using the last value of albumin to alkaline phosphatase that was measured within 1 week before CRT. The optimal cutoff value for the AAPR value was determined by an X-tile plot. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the differences of the baseline characteristics. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to calculate the survival. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was conducted for the multivariate analysis. Results: Totally, 87 patients with nonmetastatic NPC who underwent CRT were included in the analysis. The optimal cutoff level for the AAPR was 0.46. The group with an AAPR ≤0.46 was more likely to have poorer overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (p = 0.023, p = 0.031 and p = 0.027, for OS, PFS, and DMFS, respectively). In Cox proportional hazards analysis, high AAPR was a better prognostic predictor. Conclusion: AAPR may be a reliable prognostic index for nonmetastatic NPC patients.

scholarly journals Baseline hemoglobin <11.0 g/dL has stronger prognostic value than anemia status in nasopharynx cancers treated with chemoradiotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkan Topkan ◽  
Nur Yücel Ekici ◽  
Yurday Ozdemir ◽  
Ali Ayberk Besen ◽  
Berna Akkus Yildirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Baseline Hemoglobin

Background: To retrospectively investigate the influence of pretreatment anemia and hemoglobin levels on the survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (C-CRT). Methods: A total of 149 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who received C-CRT were included. All patients had received 70 Gy to the primary tumor plus the involved lymph nodes, and 59.4 Gy and 54 Gy to the intermediate- and low-risk neck regions concurrent with 1–3 cycles of cisplatin. Patients were dichotomized into non-anemic and anemic (hemoglobin <12 g/dL (women) or <13 g/dL (men)) groups according to their pre-treatment hemoglobin measures. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized for accessibility of a pre-treatment hemoglobin cut-off that impacts outcomes. Potential interactions between baseline anemia status and hemoglobin measures and overall survival, locoregional progression-free survival (LRPFS), and progression-free survival were assessed. Results: Anemia was evident in 36 patients (24.1%), which was related to significantly shorter overall survival ( P=0.007), LRPFS ( P<0.021), and progression-free survival ( P=0.003) times; all three endpoints retained significance in multivariate analyses ( P<0.05, for each). A baseline hemoglobin value of 11.0 g/dL exhibited significant association with outcomes in ROC curve analysis: hemoglobin <11.0 g/dL (N=26) was linked with shorter median overall survival ( P<0.001), LRPFS ( P=0.004), and progression-free survival ( P<0.001) times, which also retained significance for all three endpoints in multivariate analyses and suggested a stronger prognostic worth for the hemoglobin <11.0 g/dL cut-off value than the anemia status. Conclusion: Pre-C-CRT hemoglobin <11.0 g/dL has a stronger prognostic worth than the anemia status with regard to LRPFS, progression-free survival, and overall survival for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.

scholarly journals Progression-Free Survival Prediction in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma after Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy: Machine Learning versus Traditional Statistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Ronald Wihal Oei ◽  
Yingchen Lyu ◽  
Lulu Ye ◽  
Fangfang Kong ◽  
Chengrun Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Brier Score ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Survival Prediction ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Log Rank Test

Background: The Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model is the most commonly used statistical method for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) prognostication. Recently, machine learning (ML) models are increasingly adopted for this purpose. However, only a few studies have compared the performances between CPH and ML models. This study aimed at comparing CPH with two state-of-the-art ML algorithms, namely, conditional survival forest (CSF) and DeepSurv for disease progression prediction in NPC. Methods: From January 2010 to March 2013, 412 eligible NPC patients were reviewed. The entire dataset was split into training cohort and testing cohort in a ratio of 90%:10%. Ten features from patient-related, disease-related, and treatment-related data were used to train the models for progression-free survival (PFS) prediction. The model performance was compared using the concordance index (c-index), Brier score, and log-rank test based on the risk stratification results. Results: DeepSurv (c-index = 0.68, Brier score = 0.13, log-rank test p = 0.02) achieved the best performance compared to CSF (c-index = 0.63, Brier score = 0.14, log-rank test p = 0.38) and CPH (c-index = 0.57, Brier score = 0.15, log-rank test p = 0.81). Conclusions: Both CSF and DeepSurv outperformed CPH in our relatively small dataset. ML-based survival prediction may guide physicians in choosing the most suitable treatment strategy for NPC patients.

scholarly journals Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Concurrent CRT Versus Concurrent CRT Alone in the Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Study Based on EBV DNA

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ting Liu ◽  
Qiu-Yan Chen ◽  
Lin-Quan Tang ◽  
Shan-Shan Guo ◽  
Ling Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Ebv Dna

Background: The goal of this study was to explore the value of adding neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) or adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with different risks of treatment failure. Patients and Methods: A total of 2,263 eligible patients with stage III–IVb NPC treated with CCRT ± NACT or ACT were included in this retrospective study. Distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS), overall survival, and progression-free survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences were compared using the log-rank test. Results: Patients in the low-risk group (stage N0–1 disease and Epstein-Barr virus [EBV] DNA <4,000 copies/mL) who received NACT followed by CCRT achieved significantly better 5-year DMFS than those treated with CCRT alone (96.2% vs 91.3%; P= .008). Multivariate analyses also demonstrated that additional NACT was the only independent prognostic factor for DMFS (hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22–0.80; P=.009). In both the intermediate-risk group (stage N0–1 disease and EBV DNA ≥4,000 copies/mL and stage N2–3 disease and EBV DNA <4,000 copies/mL) and the high-risk group (stage N2–3 disease and EBV DNA ≥4,000 copies/mL), comparison of NACT or ACT + CCRT versus CCRT alone indicated no significantly better survival for all end points. Conclusions: The addition of NACT to CCRT could reduce distant failure in patients with low risk of treatment failure.

Phase III Study of Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Versus Radiotherapy Alone for Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Positive Effect on Overall and Progression-Free Survival

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Ching Lin ◽  
Jian-Sheng Jan ◽  
Chen-Yi Hsu ◽  
Wen-Miin Liang ◽  
Rong-San Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Concurrent Chemotherapy ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Free Survival

Purpose: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a radiosensitive and chemosensitive tumor. This randomized phase III trial compared concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) versus radiotherapy (RT) alone in patients with advanced NPC. Patients and Methods: From December 1993 to April 1999, 284 patients with 1992 American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III to IV (M0) NPC were randomly allocated into two arms. Similar dosage and fractionation of RT was administered in both arms. The investigational arm received two cycles of concurrent chemotherapy with cisplatin 20 mg/m2/d plus fluorouracil 400 mg/m2/d by 96-hour continuous infusion during the weeks 1 and 5 of RT. Survival analysis was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Results: Baseline patient characteristics were comparable in both arms. After a median follow-up of 65 months, 26.2% (37 of 141) and 46.2% (66 of 143) of patients developed tumor relapse in the CCRT and RT-alone groups, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rates were 72.3% for the CCRT arm and 54.2% for the RT-only arm (P = .0022). The 5-year progression-free survival rates were 71.6% for the CCRT group compared with 53.0% for the RT-only group (P = .0012). Although significantly more toxicity was noted in the CCRT arm, including leukopenia and emesis, compliance with the combined treatment was good. The second cycle of concurrent chemotherapy was refused by nine patients and was delayed for ≥ 1 week for another nine patients. There were no treatment-related deaths in either arm. Conclusion: We conclude that CCRT is superior to RT alone for patients with advanced NPC in endemic areas.

scholarly journals Prognostic Value of Plasma Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Levels Pre- and Post-Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisheng Zhu ◽  
Tao Ouyang ◽  
Ying Xiong ◽  
Li Ba ◽  
Qiuting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Dna ◽  
Epstein Barr

BackgroundIn this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of the plasma levels of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) at different treatment stages.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the Data of 206 patients with NPC. Pre-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (pre-NACT), post-NACT, post-radiotherapy, and post-treatment plasma EBV DNA levels were used to establish prognostic nomograms. The concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves were used to compare the prognostic accuracy of the nomograms. The results were confirmed in a validation cohort consisting of patients who were tested for EBV DNA levels at all four stages of treatment. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Survival differences were calculated using the log-rank test.ResultsEBV DNA-positive patients had worse 3-year PFS and 5-year OS than EBV DNA-negative patients; this was true for pre-NACT (PFS: 82.7% vs. 57.3%, P &lt; 0.001; OS: 90.9% vs. 68.7%, P = 0.08) and post-NACT (PFS: 85.0% vs. 50.6%, P &lt; 0.001; OS: 91.7% vs. 65.7%; P = 0.001) EBV DNA levels but not for post-radiotherapy (PFS: 72.2% vs. 60.9%, P = 0.192; OS: 73.1% vs. 77.2%, P = 0.472) or post-treatment (PFS: 77.3% vs. 59.2%, P = 0.063; OS: 77.5% vs. 79.7%, P = 0.644) levels. Nomograms combining pre-NACT and post-NACT EBV DNA levels had a superior prognostic ability than those of post-radiotherapy and post-treatment EBV DNA levels.ConclusionPre-NACT EBV DNA levels combined with post-NACT EBV DNA levels can more reliably predict survival outcomes in patients with NPC.

scholarly journals Oncological outcome of patients with salivary gland cancer treated with surgery and postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoumei Zang ◽  
Meiqin Chen ◽  
Huijie Huang ◽  
Xinli Zhu ◽  
Danfang Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Oncological Outcome ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Salivary Gland Cancer ◽  
Significant Prognostic Factor ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Intensity Modulated

Abstract Background Salivary gland cancer (SGC) is comparatively rare and constitutes a variety of histological subtypes. Previously published studies included SGC patients who were irradiated using conventional radiotherapy or 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3-DCRT) may have led to suboptimal oncological outcomes. Methods We identified 60 patients with major SGC treated with surgery followed by postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Data for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), prognostic factors, and treatment-related toxicities were analyzed. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Results Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) was the most common histology (n = 21; 35%). With a median follow-up of 55.5 months, OS and PFS were 90.7%, 85.1%, and 85.1%; and 80.1%, 72.7%, and 63.1%, at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. LRRFS and DMFS at 3, 5, and 10 years were 87.4%, 82.1%, and 82.1%; and 85.3%, 78.4%, and 66.1%, respectively. Five-year OS, PFS, LRRFS, and DMFS for ACC was 100%, 67.7%, 76.2%, and 90.2%, respectively. In multivariable analysis (MVA), N stage was an independent predictor of PFS (p = 0.047). Positive margin was a significant prognostic factor for PFS, LRRFS, and DMFS (p = 0.036, 0.026, and 0.011, respectively). Major nerve involvement was significantly correlated with PFS and DMFS (p = 0.034 and 0.008, respectively). Interval from surgery to radiotherapy (RT) predicted PFS and DMFS (p = 0.036 and 0.012, respectively). The most common acute toxicities were mucositis and dermatitis, and xerostomia was the most common late adverse event. Lung metastasis was the most common pattern of distant failure. Conclusion Postoperative IMRT leads to improved survival for SGC patients with acceptable toxicities.

Treatment of Philadelphia Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with Imatinib: Introducing the Concept of Confirmed Molecular Response.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1933-1933
Author(s):  
Francesca Palandri ◽  
Gianantonio Rosti ◽  
Ilaria Iacobucci ◽  
Nicoletta Testoni ◽  
Fausto Castagnetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Cytogenetic Response ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Drug Of Choice

Abstract Background: Imatinib (IM) is the drug of choice for the treatment of CML, where it was shown that a complete cytogenetic response (CCgR) and a major molecular response (MMolR) at 12 months (mos) were the best surrogate markers of progression-free survival (PFS) (O’Brien et al, NEJM, 2003; Hughes et al, NEJM 2003). The issue of the MolR is particularly sensitive, because the degree of the MolR may fluctuate over time and among different labs, also for methodological reasons (Hughes et al, Blood 2006). Aim: To evaluate the prognostic value of the MolR based on a retrospective analysis of the patients (pts) who achieved a CCgR with IM 400 mg daily. Patients and Methods: 130 pts who achieved a CCgR for more than 1 year (confirmed CCgR) and were tested for MolR at least 3 times after achieving the CCgR, were analyzed. Cytogenetic response was assessed every 6 mos by conventional analysis of at least 20 marrow cell metaphases. MolR was assessed every 3 mos by RTQ-PCR (TaqMan) on peripheral blood buffy coat cells and was defined as MMolR when BCR-ABL:ABL&lt;0.05%, corresponding to 0.1% on the International Scale. Results: In 71/130 pts (55%) MolR was always major (stable MMolR). In 19/130 (15%) pts MolR was sometimes major and sometimes less than major (unstable MMolR). In 40/130 pts (30%) MolR was never major (never MMolR). The proportion of pts remaining in CCgR after 5 years was calculated by the Kaplan-Meyer method (Fig. 1) and was 95% for pts in stable MMolR, 77% for pts with unstable MMolR and 62% for pts without a MMolR during follow-up (p&lt;0.0001, log-rank test). Conclusions: These data confirm that achieving a MMolR is prognostically important but point out that the prognostic value of achieving a MMolR is greater if the response is confirmed, and introduce the concept of sustained Mol response, alerting from relying on single determinations. Figure Figure

A novel prognostic marker based on risk stratification with prognostic nutritional index and age for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1013-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao He ◽  
Yecai Huang ◽  
Gang Wan ◽  
Mei Feng ◽  
Huamin Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
Prognostic Nutritional Index ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Nutritional Index

Aim: To evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Materials & methods: We conducted a retrospective study on prognostic value of PNI in NPC patients. A new prognostic marker was explored based on risk stratification with PNI and age. Results: PNI and age were two independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression free survival besides node stage and clinical stage. Low prognostic nutritional index and high age (LPNI–HAge) was identified as an independent prognostic factor for both OS (p < 0.001) and progression free survival (p = 0.008), which has a better predict value than sole PNI or age. Conclusion: The novel prognosis index LPNI-HAge provides prognostication of OS and progression free survival for NPC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

scholarly journals Prognostic Value of Classifying Parapharyngeal Extension in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Guo-Yi Zhang ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
Xue-Feng Hu ◽  
Xiang-Ping Chen ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Retropharyngeal Space ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Masticator Space

Purpose. To subclassify parapharyngeal extension in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and investigate its prognostic value and staging categories based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods and Materials. Data from 1504 consecutive NPC patients treated with definitive-intent radiotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. Sites of parapharyngeal extension were defined by MRI. Overall survival (OS), local relapse-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Hazard consistency and hazard discrimination were determined by multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazards models.Results. 1104 patients (73.4%) had parapharyngeal extension; 1.7–63.8% had involvement of various anatomic sites. The hazard ratio for death was significantly higher with extensive parapharyngeal extension (lateral pterygoid muscle of masticator space and beyond or parotid space) than with mild extension (medial pterygoid muscle of masticator space, or carotid, prestyloid, and prevertebral or retropharyngeal space). OS, LRFS, and DMFS with extensive parapharyngeal extension were similar to those in T4 disease; OS, LRFS, and DMFS with mild parapharyngeal extension were significantly higher than in those T3 disease (allP≤ 0.015).Conclusions. Parapharyngeal extension in NPC should be subclassified as mild or extensive, which should be regarded as stages T2 and T4 diseases, respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document