Effects of Resistive Jaw-Opening Exercise with Elastic Bands on Suprahyoid Muscle Activation in Normal Subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Chi Oh ◽  
Jae-Sung Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Elastic Bands ◽  
Suprahyoid Muscle

Mandible position and activation of submental and masseter muscles during sleep

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2267-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Hollowell ◽  
P. M. Suratt
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Esophageal Pressure ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Submental Muscles ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Airway Caliber ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Jaw Position

Movement of the mandible could influence pharyngeal airway caliber because the mandible is attached to the tongue and to muscles that insert on the hyoid bone. In normal subjects and patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) we measured jaw position during sleep with strain gauges, as well as masseter and submental electromyograms, airflow, esophageal pressure, oximetry, electroencephalograms, and electrooculograms. Jaws of patients with OSA were open more than those of normal subjects at end expiration and opened further at end inspiration, particularly at the termination of apneas when the masseter and submental muscles contracted. Masseter activation occurred only in patients with OSA and in a pattern similar to that of submental muscles. Jaw opening at end expiration could narrow the upper airway, whereas opening at end inspiration could reflect efforts to expand the airway with tracheal tug and with submental muscle activation and efforts to open the mouth to allow mouth breathing. Masseter contraction does not close the jaw but may serve to stabilize it.

scholarly journals Effect of Head Elevation on Passive Upper Airway Collapsibility in Normal Subjects during Propofol Anesthesia

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Kobayashi ◽  
Takao Ayuse ◽  
Yuko Hoshino ◽  
Shinji Kurata ◽  
Shunji Moromugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Airway ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Target Concentration ◽  
Airway Patency ◽  
Head Elevation ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Airway Collapsibility ◽  
Upper Airway Collapsibility ◽  
Head Flexion ◽  
Male Subjects

Background Head elevation can restore airway patency during anesthesia, although its effect may be offset by concomitant bite opening or accidental neck flexion. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of head elevation on the passive upper airway collapsibility during propofol anesthesia. Method Twenty male subjects were studied, randomized to one of two experimental groups: fixed-jaw or free-jaw. Propofol infusion was used for induction and to maintain blood at a constant target concentration between 1.5 and 2.0 μg/ml. Nasal mask pressure (PN) was intermittently reduced to evaluate the upper airway collapsibility (passive PCRIT) and upstream resistance (RUS) at each level of head elevation (0, 3, 6, and 9 cm). The authors measured the Frankfort plane (head flexion) and the mandible plane (jaw opening) angles at each level of head elevation. Analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of head elevation on PCRIT, head flexion, and jaw opening within each group. Results In both groups the Frankfort plane and mandible plane angles increased with head elevation (P < 0.05), although the mandible plane angle was smaller in the free-jaw group (i.e., increased jaw opening). In the fixed-jaw group, head elevation decreased upper airway collapsibility (PCRIT ~ -7 cm H₂O at greater than 6 cm elevation) compared with the baseline position (PCRIT ~ -3 cm H₂O at 0 cm elevation; P < 0.05). Conclusion : Elevating the head position by 6 cm while ensuring mouth closure (centric occlusion) produces substantial decreases in upper airway collapsibility and maintains upper airway patency during anesthesia.

Change of lower limb muscle activation according to the use of arm sling in normal subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Gku Bin Oh ◽  
Ga Eul Son ◽  
Seo Yeon Kim ◽  
Hae Deun Kim ◽  
Seung Min Back ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Lower Limb Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscle

scholarly journals Impact of Rhythmic Oral Activity on the Timing of Muscle Activation in the Swallow of the Decerebrate Pig

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 1386-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan J. Thexton ◽  
A. W. Crompton ◽  
Tomasz Owerkowicz ◽  
Rebecca Z. German
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Short Latency Response ◽  
Pharyngeal Swallow ◽  
Latency Response ◽  
Changeover Period

The pharyngeal swallow can be elicited as an isolated event but, in normal animals, it occurs within the context of rhythmic tongue and jaw movement (RTJM). The response includes activation of the multifunctional geniohyoid muscle, which can either protract the hyoid or assist jaw opening; in conscious nonprimate mammals, two bursts of geniohyoid EMG activity (GHemg) occur in swallow cycles at times consistent with these two actions. However, during experimentally elicited pharyngeal swallows, GHemg classically occurs at the same time as hyoglossus and mylohyoid activity (short latency response) but, when the swallow is elicited in the decerebrate in the absence of RTJM, GHemg occurs later in the swallow (long latency response). We tested the hypothesis that it was not influences from higher centers but a brain stem mechanism, associated with RTJM, which caused GHemg to occur earlier in the swallow. In 38 decerebrate piglets, RTJM occurred sporadically in seven animals. Before RTJM, GHemg had a long latency, but, during RTJM, swallow related GHemg occurred synchronously with activity in hyoglossus and mylohyoid, early in the swallow. Both early and late responses were present during the changeover period. During this changeover period, duplicate electrodes in the geniohyoid could individually detect either the early or the late burst in the same swallow. This suggested that two sets of geniohyoid task units existed that were potentially active in the swallow and that they were differentially facilitated or inhibited depending on the presence or absence of rhythmic activity originating in the brain stem.

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