scholarly journals Proteomics Analysis of Testis of Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 378-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Yan Yang ◽  
Yu-jie Gu ◽  
Tian An ◽  
Jia-Xian Liu ◽  
Yan-Yun Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Reproductive Processes

Background/Aims: The adverse effects of obesity on male fertility have been widely reported. In recent years, the relationship between the differential expression of proteins and long non-coding RNAs with male reproductive disease has been reported. However, the exact mechanism in underlying obesity-induced decreased male fertility remains unclear. Methods: We used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification to identify differential protein expression patterns in the testis of rats fed a high-fat diet and normal diet. A microarray-based gene expression analysis protocol was used to compare the differences in long non-coding RNAs in high-fat diet-fed and normal diet-fed rats. Five obviously upregulated or downregulated proteins were examined using western blot to verify the accuracy of their expression. Then, we carried out functional enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed proteins using gene ontology and pathway analysis. Finally, the metabolic Gene Ontology terms and pathways involved in the differential metabolites were analyzed using the MetaboAnalyst 2.0 software to explore the co-expression relationship between long non-coding RNAs and proteins. Results: We found 107 proteins and 263 long non-coding RNAs differentially expressed between rats fed a high-fat diet and normal diet. The Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis showed that the protein function most highly enriched was related to negative regulation of reproductive processes. We also found five Gene Ontology terms and two metabolic pathways upregulated or downregulated for both proteins and long non-coding RNAs. Conclusion: The study revealed different expression levels for both proteins and long non-coding RNAs and showed that the function and metabolic pathways of differently expressed proteins were related to reproductive processes. The Gene Ontology terms and metabolic pathways upregulated or downregulated in both proteins and long non-coding RNAs may provide new candidates to explore the mechanisms of obesity-induced male infertility for both protein and epigenetic pathways.

scholarly journals The difference in expression of long noncoding RNAs in rat semen induced by high-fat diet was associated with metabolic pathways

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian An ◽  
Hui Fan ◽  
Yu F. Liu ◽  
Yan Y. Pan ◽  
Ying K. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Expression Levels

Background Obesity, a common metabolic disease, is a known cause of male infertility due to its associated health risk. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also been reported to be associated with male reproductive diseases; however, their role in the association between high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) and male reproduction remains unclear. Methods We used microarray analysis to compare the expression levels of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the spermatozoa of rats with DIO and normal rats. We selected a few lncRNAs that were obviously up-regulated or down-regulated, and then used RT-PCR to verify the accuracy of their expression. We then performed a functional enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed mRNAs using gene ontology and pathway analysis. Finally, target gene predictive analysis was used to explore the relationship between lncRNAs and mRNAs. Results The results revealed a statistically significant difference in the fasting blood glucose level in rats with DIO and control rats. We found that 973 lncRNAs and 2,994 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the sperm samples of the DIO rats, compared to the controls. GO enrichment analysis revealed 263 biological process terms, 39 cellular component terms, and 40 molecular function terms (p < 0.01) in the differentially expressed mRNAs. The pathway analysis showed that metabolic pathways were most enriched in protein-coding genes. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show differences in the expression levels of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the sperms of rats with DIO and normal rats, and to determine the expression profile of lncRNAs in the sperm of rats with DIO. Our results have revealed a number of lncRNAs and pathways associated with obesity-induced infertility, including metabolic pathways. These pathways could be new candidates that help cope with and investigate the mechanisms behind the progression of obesity-induced male infertility.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and characterization of perirenal adipose tissue microRNAs in rabbits fed a high-fat diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Jiahao Shao ◽  
Yanhong Li ◽  
Mauricio A Elzo ◽  
Xianbo Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Filament ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cytoskeleton Organization ◽  
Kegg Pathways

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous single-stranded RNA molecules that play an important role in gene regulation in animals by pairing with target gene mRNA. Extensive evidence shows that miRNAs are key players in metabolic regulation and the development of obesity. However, the systemic understanding of miRNAs in the adipogenesis of obese rabbit need further investigate. Here, seven small RNA libraries from rabbits fed either a standard normal diet (SND; n = 3) or high-fat diet (HFD; n = 4) were constructed and sequenced. Differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified using the edgeR data analysis package from R. Software miRanda and RNAhybrid were used to predict the target genes of miRNAs. To further explore the functions of DE miRNAs, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed. A total of 81,449,996 clean reads were obtained from the seven libraries, of which, 52 known DE miRNAs (24 up-regulated, 28 down-regulated) and 31 novel DE miRNAs (14 up-regulated, 17 down-regulated) were identified. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the DE miRNAs target genes were involved in intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization, intermediate filament-based process, and alpha-tubulin binding. DE miRNAs were involved in p53 signaling, linoleic acid metabolism, and other adipogenesis-related KEGG pathways. Our study further elucidates the possible functions of DE miRNAs in rabbit adipogenesis, contributing to the understanding of rabbit obesity.

scholarly journals Resveratrol on the Metabolic Reprogramming in Liver: Implications for Advanced Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ma ◽  
Dongliang Li ◽  
Wenfeng Liu ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liu ◽  
Yingqi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Iga Production ◽  
Oil Red O Staining

Background/Aims: Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the major leading causes of death globally, which is highly correlated with metabolic abnormalities. Resveratrol (REV) exerts beneficial effects on atherosclerosis. Our aim is to clarify the involvement of liver metabolic reprogramming and the atheroprotective effects of REV.Methods: ApoE-deficient mice were administered with normal diet (N), high-fat diet (H), or HFD with REV (HR). Twenty-four weeks after treatment, Oil Red O staining was used to assess the severity of AS. Non-targeted metabolomics was employed to obtain metabolic signatures of the liver from different groups.Results: High-fat diet–induced AS was alleviated by REV, with less lipid accumulation in the lesions. The metabolic profiles of liver tissues from N, H, and HR groups were analyzed. A total of 1,146 and 765 differentially expressed features were identified between N and H groups, and H and HR groups, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis uncovered several metabolism-related pathways, which are potential pathogenesis mechanisms and therapeutic targets including “primary bile acid biosynthesis,” “phenylalanine metabolism,” and “glycerophospholipid metabolism.” We further conducted trend analysis using 555 metabolites with one-way ANOVA, where p &lt; 0.05 and PLS-DA VIP &gt;1. We found that REV could reverse the detrimental effect of high-fat diet–induced atherosclerosis. These metabolites were enriched in pathways including “biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids” and “intestinal immune network for IgA production.” The metabolites involved in these pathways could be the potential biomarkers for AS-related liver metabolic reprogramming and the mechanism of REV treatment.Conclusions: REV exerted atheroprotective effects partially by modulating the liver metabolism.

scholarly journals Cudrania tricuspidata Combined with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Modulate Gut Microbiota and Alleviate Obesity-Associated Metabolic Parameters in Obese Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1908
Author(s):  
Ju Kyoung Oh ◽  
Robie Vasquez ◽  
In-Chan Hwang ◽  
Ye Na Oh ◽  
Sang Hoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cudrania Tricuspidata

The aim of the presented study was to investigate the synbiotic effects of L. rhamnosus 4B15 and C. tricuspidata extract administration on the gut microbiota and obesity-associated metabolic parameters in diet-induced obese mice. Thirty-one 6-week-old male C57BL/N6 mice were divided into five diet groups: normal diet (ND, n = 7) group; high-fat diet (HFD, n = 6) group; probiotic (PRO, n = 5) group; prebiotic (PRE, n = 7) group; and synbiotic (SYN, n = 6) group. After 10 weeks, the percent of fat mass, serum triglyceride, and ALT levels were significantly reduced in SYN-fed obese mice, compared with other treatments. SYN treatment also modulated the abundance of Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Adlercreutzia, Allobaculum, Coprococcus, unclassified Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillus, Helicobacter, Flexispira, Odoribacter, Ruminococcus, unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae, and unclassified Desulfovibrionaceae. These taxa showed a strong correlation with obesity-associated indices. Lastly, the SYN-supplemented diet upregulated metabolic pathways known to improve metabolic health. Further investigations are needed to understand the mechanisms driving the synbiotic effect of C. tricuspidata and L. rhamnosus 4B15.

scholarly journals Genome-wide Identification and Characterization of Perirenal Adipose Tissue MiRNAs in Rabbits Fed With a High-fat Diet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Jiahao Shao ◽  
Yanhong Li ◽  
Mauricio A. Elzo ◽  
Xianbo Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Filament ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alpha Tubulin ◽  
Cytoskeleton Organization ◽  
Kegg Pathways

Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous single-stranded RNA molecules that play an important role in gene regulation in animals by pairing with target gene mRNAs. However, the functions of miRNAs in the adipogenesis of obese rabbits are poorly understood. Methods Six small RNA libraries from rabbits under a standard normal diet (SND; n = 3) and a high-fat diet (HFD; n = 3) were constructed and sequenced. Differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified using the edgeR data analysis package from R. Software miRanda and RNAhybrid were used to predict the target genes of miRNAs. To further explore the functions of DE miRNAs, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed. Results A total of 69577441 clean reads were obtained from the six libraries, of which, 52 known DE miRNAs (24 up-regulated, 28 down-regulated) and 31 novel DE miRNAs (14 up-regulated, 17 down-regulated) were identified. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the DE miRNAs target genes were involved in intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization, intermediate filament-based process, and alpha-tubulin binding. DE miRNAs were involved in p53 signaling, linoleic acid metabolism, and other adipogenesis-related KEGG pathways. Conclusions Our study further elucidates the possible functions of DE miRNAs in rabbit adipogenesis, contributing to the understanding of rabbit obesity.

Transcriptional identification of differentially expressed genes during the prepupal–pupal transition in the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Peirong Li ◽  
Xinru Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xiaoling Tan ◽  
Xiaoqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Kegg Pathway ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Mythimna Separata ◽  
Kegg Pathway Analysis ◽  
Oriental Armyworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) is a serious pest of agriculture that does particular damage to Gramineae crops in Asia, Europe, and Oceania. Metamorphosis is a key developmental stage in insects, although the genes underlying the metamorphic transition in M. separata remain largely unknown. Here, we sequenced the transcriptomes of five stages; mature larvae (ML), wandering (W), and pupation (1, 5, and 10 days after pupation, designated P1, P5, and P10) to identify transition-associated genes. Four libraries were generated, with 22,884, 23,534, 26,643, and 33,238 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for the ML-vs-W, W-vs-P1, P1-vs-P5, and P5-vs-P10, respectively. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that genes regulating the biosynthesis of the membrane and integral components of the membrane, which includes the cuticular protein (CP), 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), and juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis, were enriched. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that DEGs were enriched in the metabolic pathways. Of these DEGs, thirty CP, seventeen 20E, and seven JH genes were differentially expressed across the developmental stages. For transcriptome validation, ten CP, 20E, and JH-related genes were selected and verified by real-time PCR quantitative. Collectively, our results provided a basis for further studies of the molecular mechanism of metamorphosis in M. separata.

scholarly journals Aberrant expression of HDL-bound microRNA induced by a high-fat diet in a pig model: implications in the pathogenesis of dyslipidaemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyuan Sui ◽  
Lianqun Jia ◽  
Nan Song ◽  
Dongyu Min ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Positive Regulation ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Mirna Sequencing

Abstract Background A high-fat diet can affect lipid metabolism and trigger cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of studies has revealed the HDL-bound miRNA profiles in familial hypercholesterolaemia; in sharp contrast, relevant studies on high-fat diet-induced dyslipidaemia are lacking. In the current study, HDL-bound miRNAs altered by a high-fat diet were explored to offer some clues for elucidating their effects on the pathogenesis of dyslipidaemia. Methods Six pigs were randomly divided into two groups of three pigs each, namely, the high-fat diet and the balanced diet groups, which were fed a high-fat diet and balanced diet separately for six months. HDL was separated from plasma, which was followed by dissociation of the miRNA bound to HDL. miRNA sequencing of the isolated miRNA was performed to identify the differential expression profiles between the two groups, which was validated by real-time PCR. TargetScan, miRDB, and miRWalk were used for the prediction of genes targeted by the differential miRNAs. Results Compared with the balanced diet group, the high-fat diet group had significantly higher levels of TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C at six months. miRNA sequencing revealed 6 upregulated and 14 downregulated HDL-bound miRNAs in the high-fat diet group compared to the balanced diet group, which was validated by real-time PCR. GO enrichment analysis showed that dysregulated miRNAs in the high-fat diet group were associated with the positive regulation of lipid metabolic processes, positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic processes, and positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction. Insulin resistance and the Ras signalling pathway were enriched in the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Conclusions Twenty HDL-bound miRNAs are significantly dysregulated in high-fat diet-induced dyslipidaemia. This study presents an analysis of a new set of HDL-bound miRNAs that are altered by a high-fat diet and offers some valuable clues for novel mechanistic insights into high-fat diet-induced dyslipidaemia. Further functional verification study using a larger sample size will be required.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy attenuates D-galactose-induced-age-related cardiac dysfunction through mitigating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in pre-diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Bo-Htay ◽  
T Shwe ◽  
S Palee ◽  
T Pattarasakulchai ◽  
K Shinlapawittayatorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Lv Dysfunction ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions

Abstract Background D-galactose (D-gal) induced ageing has been shown to exacerbate left ventricular (LV) dysfunction via worsening of apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in the heart of obese rats. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in multiple neurological disorders. However, the cardioprotective effect of HBOT on inflammation, apoptosis, LV and mitochondrial functions in D-gal induced ageing rats in the presence of obese-insulin resistant condition has never been investigated. Purpose We sought to determine the effect of HBOT on inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial functions and LV function in pre-diabetic rats with D-gal induced ageing. We hypothesized that HBOT attenuates D-gal induced cardiac mitochondrial dysfunctions and reduces inflammation and apoptosis, leading to improved LV function in pre-diabetic rats. Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats were fed with either normal diet or high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Then, rats were treated with either vehicle groups (0.9% NSS, subcutaneous injection (SC)) or D-gal groups (150 mg/kg/day, SC) for 8 weeks. At week 21, rats in each group were equally divided into 6 sub-groups: normal diet fed rats treated with vehicle (NDV) sham, normal diet fed rats treated with D-gal (NDDg) sham, high fat diet fed rats treated with D-gal (HFDg) sham, high fat diet fed rats treated with vehicle (HFV) + HBOT, NDDg + HBOT and HFDg + HBOT. Sham treated rats were given normal concentration of O2 (flow rate of 80 L/min, 1 ATA for 60 minutes), whereas HBOT treated rats were subjected to 100% O2 (flow rate of 250 L/min, 2 ATA for 60 minutes), given once daily for 2 weeks. Results Under obese-insulin resistant condition, D-gal-induced ageing aggravated LV dysfunction (Fig 1A) and impaired cardiac mitochondrial function, increased cardiac inflammatory and apoptotic markers (Fig 1B). HBOT markedly reduced cardiac TNF-α level and TUNEL positive apoptotic cells, and improved cardiac mitochondrial function as indicated by decreased mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial depolarization and mitochondrial swelling, resulting in the restoration of the normal LV function in HFV and NDDg rats, compared to sham NDDg rats. In addition, in HFDg treated rats, HBOT attenuated cardiac TNF-α level, TUNEL positive apoptotic cells and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, compared to sham HFDg rats, leading to improved cardiac function as indicated by increased %LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (Figure 1). Conclusion HBOT efficiently alleviates D-gal-induced-age-related LV dysfunction through mitigating inflammation, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in pre-diabetic rats. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): 1. The National Science and Technology Development Agency Thailand, 2. Thailand Research Fund Grants

Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 improved brain health in aging rats via the serotonin, inflammatory and apoptosis pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-766
Author(s):  
A.I. Zaydi ◽  
L.-C. Lew ◽  
Y.-Y. Hor ◽  
M.H. Jaafar ◽  
L.-O. Chuah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dietary Strategy ◽  
Apoptosis Pathways ◽  
Insight Into

Aging processes affect the brain in many ways, ranging from cellular to functional levels which lead to cognitive decline and increased oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the potentials of Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 on brain health including cognitive and memory functions during aging and the impacts of high fat diet during a 12-week period. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into six groups: (1) young animals on normal diet (ND, (2) young animals on a high fat diet (HFD), (3) aged animals on ND, (4) aged animals on HFD, (5) aged animals on HFD and L. plantarum DR7 (109 cfu/day) and (6) aged animals receiving HFD and lovastatin. To induce ageing, all rats in group 3 to 6 were injected sub-cutaneously at 600 mg/kg/day of D-galactose daily. The administration of DR7 has reduced anxiety accompanied by enhanced memory during behavioural assessments in aged-HFD rats (P<0.05). Hippocampal concentration of all three pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased during aging but reduced upon administration of both statin and DR7. Expressions of hippocampal neurotransmitters and apoptosis genes showed reduced expressions of indoleamine dioxygenase and P53 accompanied by increased expression of TPH1 in aged- HFD rats administered with DR7, indicating potential effects of DR7 along the pathways of serotonin and oxidative senescence. This study provided an insight into potentials of L. plantarum DR7 as a prospective dietary strategy to improve cognitive functions during aging. This study provided an insight into potentials of L. plantarum DR7 as a prospective dietary strategy to improve cognitive functions during aging.

scholarly journals Novel regulation of renal gluconeogenesis by Atp6ap2 in response to high fat diet via PGC1-α/AKT-1 pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safia Akhtar ◽  
Silas A. Culver ◽  
Helmy M. Siragy
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Renal Gluconeogenesis ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Renal Expression

AbstractRecent studies suggested that renal gluconeogenesis is substantially stimulated in the kidney in presence of obesity. However, the mechanisms responsible for such stimulation are not well understood. Recently, our laboratory demonstrated that mice fed high fat diet (HFD) exhibited increase in renal Atp6ap2 [also known as (Pro)renin receptor] expression. We hypothesized that HFD upregulates renal gluconeogenesis via Atp6ap2-PGC-1α and AKT pathway. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunostaining, we evaluated renal expression of the Atp6ap2 and renal gluconeogenic enzymes, PEPCK and G6Pase, in wild type and inducible nephron specific Atp6ap2 knockout mice fed normal diet (ND, 12 kcal% fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 45 kcal% fat) for 8 weeks. Compared with ND, HFD mice had significantly higher body weight (23%) (P < 0.05), renal mRNA and protein expression of Atp6ap2 (39 and 35%), PEPCK (44 and 125%) and G6Pase (39 and 44%) respectively. In addition, compared to ND, HFD mice had increased renal protein expression of PGC-1α by 32% (P < 0.05) and downregulated AKT by 33% (P < 0.05) respectively in renal cortex. Atp6ap2-KO abrogated these changes in the mice fed HFD. In conclusion, we identified novel regulation of renal gluconeogenesis by Atp6ap2 in response to high fat diet via PGC1-α/AKT-1 pathway.

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