Automatic Change Detection in Older and Younger Women: A Visual Mismatch Negativity Study

Gerontology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Sulykos ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál ◽  
István  Czigler
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Stimulus Change ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Visual Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Latency Range ◽  
Age Related Changes

Background: In comparison to controlled (attentional) processing, relatively little is known about the age-related changes of the earlier (preattentive) processes. An event-related potential (ERP) index of preattentive (automatic) visual processing, the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) is a good candidate for analyzing age-related differences in the automatic processing of visual events. Objective: So far results concerning age-related changes in vMMN have been equivocal. Our aim was to develop a method resulting in a reliable vMMN in a paradigm short enough to use in the applied field. Methods: We investigated an older (mean age: 66.4 years, n = 15) and a younger (mean age: 22.4 years, n = 15) group of healthy women. ERPs were obtained for checkerboard onset patterns in a passive oddball condition (during which participants performed a tracking task). One of the checkerboards was frequent (standard; p = 0.8), and the other was rare (deviant; p = 0.2). Results: vMMN emerged over posterior locations in the latency range of 100–300 ms in both age groups. The amplitude of the earlier part of the vMMN was similar in the older and the younger participants, but latency was longer in the older group. The later part of the vMMN was slightly diminished in the elderly. Conclusion: Automatic detection of violated sequential regularities, reflected by the vMMN, emerged in the two age groups (earlier vMMN). However, detection of stimulus change, a preattentive visual process delayed in the elderly, and identification of the specific change was compromised in the older participants.

scholarly journals Older Adults Automatically Detect Age of Older Adults’ Photographs: A Visual Mismatch Negativity Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Csizmadia ◽  
Bela Petro ◽  
Petia Kojouharova ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál ◽  
Katalin Scheiling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Regular Sequence ◽  
Bias Effect ◽  
Visual Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
And Gender

The human face is one of the most frequently used stimuli in vMMN (visual mismatch negativity) research. Previous studies showed that vMMN is sensitive to facial emotions and gender, but investigations of age-related vMMN differences are relatively rare. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the models’ age in photographs were automatically detected, even if the photographs were not parts of the ongoing task. Furthermore, we investigated age-related differences, and the possibility of different sensitivity to photographs of participants’ own versus different ages. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to faces of young and old models in younger (N = 20; 18–30 years) and older groups (N = 20; 60–75 years). The faces appeared around the location of the field of a tracking task. In sequences the young or the old faces were either frequent (standards) or infrequent (deviants). According to the results, a regular sequence of models’ age is automatically registered, and faces violating the models’ age elicited the vMMN component. However, in this study vMMN emerged only in the older group to same-age deviants. This finding is explained by the less effective inhibition of irrelevant stimuli in the elderly, and corresponds to own-age bias effect of recognition studies.

AGE-RELATED CHANGES OF THE PROFILE FIELD OF NEURONS OF THE AREA 7 OF THE BRAIN OF MEN AND WOMEN IN THE PROCESS OF THE AGING

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
P. A. Agapov ◽  
I. N. Bogolepova ◽  
L. I. Malofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Female Brain ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Age Related Changes ◽  
Profile Field

The aim of the work is to study changes in the profile field of pyramidal neurons in the cortex of field 7 of the brain of men and women in the aging process. A cytoarchitectonic study of the cortex of field 7 of the upper parietal region of the brain of men and women was carried out on a series of frontal paraffin sections stained by the Nissl method. The brain preparations of men and women of three age groups were studied: the groups of mature age (from 20 to 60 years), the elderly group (from 60 to 75 years) and the group of senile age (from 75 years and older). In each age group, 5 preparations of the male brain and 5 preparations of the female brain were studied. Age-related changes in the cytoarchitectonics of the profile field of pyramidal neurons in the cytoarchitectonic layers of the third and fifth cortex fields 7 of the brain of men and women were studied. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in the process of aging of the brain of men and women, changes in similar morphometric indicators of field 7 cortex occur at different age periods, the dynamics of age-related changes in functionally different cytoarchitectonic layers III and V of the cerebral cortex of men and women are also different.

Age-related changes in the biomechanics of left ventricular twist measured by speckle tracking echocardiography

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (4) ◽  
pp. H1705-H1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas M. van Dalen ◽  
Osama I. I. Soliman ◽  
Wim B. Vletter ◽  
Folkert J. ten Cate ◽  
Marcel L. Geleijnse
Keyword(s):  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rotational Deformation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Age Related Changes

The increasing number and proportion of aged individuals in the population warrants knowledge of normal physiological changes of left ventricular (LV) biomechanics with advancing age. LV twist describes the instantaneous circumferential motion of the apex with respect to the base of the heart and has an important role in LV ejection and filling. This study sought to investigate the biomechanics behind age-related changes in LV twist by determining a broad spectrum of LV rotation parameters in different age groups, using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). The final study population consisted of 61 healthy volunteers (16–35 yr, n = 25; 36–55 yr, n = 23; 56–75 yr, n = 13; 31 men). LV peak systolic rotation during the isovolumic contraction phase (Rotearly), LV peak systolic rotation during ejection (Rotmax), instantaneous LV peak systolic twist (Twistmax), the time to Rotearly, Rotmax, and Twistmax, and rotational deformation delay (defined as the difference of time to basal Rotmax and apical Rotmax) were determined by STE using QLAB Advanced Quantification Software (version 6.0; Philips, Best, The Netherlands). With increasing age, apical Rotmax ( P < 0.05), time to apical Rotmax ( P < 0.01), and Twistmax ( P < 0.01) increased, whereas basal Rotearly ( P < 0.001), time to basal Rotearly ( P < 0.01), and rotational deformation delay ( P < 0.05) decreased. Rotational deformation delay was significantly correlated to Twistmax ( R2 = 0.20, P < 0.05). In conclusion, Twistmax increased with aging, resulting from both increased apical Rotmax and decreased rotational deformation delay between the apex and the base of the LV. This may explain the preservation of LV ejection fraction in the elderly.

Stimulus-Locked and Response-Locked ERP Correlates of Spatial Inhibition of Return (IOR) in Old Age

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Amenedo ◽  
Francisco-Javier Gutiérrez-Domínguez ◽  
Sara M. Mateos-Ruger ◽  
Paula Pazo-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Lower Visual Field ◽  
Response Preparation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Upper Visual Field

Behavioral research has shown that Inhibition of Return (IOR) is preserved in old age although at longer time intervals between cue and target, which has been interpreted as reflecting a later disengagement from the cue. A recent event-related potential (ERP) study attributed this age-related pattern to an enhanced processing of the cue. Previous ERP research in young samples indicates that target and response processing are also affected by IOR, which makes interesting to study the ERP correlates of IOR from cue presentation to response execution. In this regard, in the present study stimulus-locked (cue-locked and target-locked) and response-locked ERPs were explored in healthy young and older participants. The behavioral results indicated preserved IOR in the older participants. The cue-locked ERPs could suggest that the older participants processed the cue as a warning signal to prepare for the upcoming target stimulus. Under IOR, target-locked ERPs of both age groups showed lower N1 amplitudes suggesting a suppression/inhibition of cued targets. During the P3 rising period, in young subjects a negative shift (Nd effect) to cued targets was observed in the lower visual field (LVF), and a positive shift (Pd effect) in the upper visual field. However, in the older group the Nd effect was absent suggesting a reduction of attentional resolution in the LVF. The older group showed enhanced motor activation to prepare correct responses, although IOR effects on response-locked lateralized readiness potential LRP indicated reduced response preparation to cued targets in both age groups. In general, results suggest that the older adults inhibit or reduce the visual processing of targets appearing at cued locations, and the preparation to respond to them, but with the added cost of allocating more attentional resources onto the cue and of maintaining a more effortful processing during the sequence of stimuli within the trial.

Abstract T P136: Potential Contributors to the Declining Impact of Stroke Risk Factors with Age: Implications for Stroke Epidemiology in the Elderly

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Howard ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
Maciej Banach ◽  
Brett M Kissela ◽  
David C Goff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Related Changes

Purpose: The importance of stroke research in the elderly is increasing as America is “graying.” For most risk factors for most diseases (including stroke), the magnitude of association with incident events decreases at older ages. Potential changes in the impact of risk factors could be a “true” effect, or could be due to methodological issues such as age-related changes in residual confounding. Methods: REGARDS followed 27,748 stroke-free participants age 45 and over for an average of 5.3 years, during which 715 incident strokes occurred. The association of the “Framingham” risk factors (hypertension [HTN], diabetes, smoking, AFib, LVH and heart disease) with incident stroke risk was assessed in age strata of 45-64 (Young), 65-74 (Middle), and 75+ (Old). For those with and without an “index” risk factor (e.g., HTN), the average number of “other” risk factors was calculated. Results: With the exception of AFib, there was a monotonic decrease in the magnitude of the impact across the age strata, with HTN, diabetes, smoking and LVH even becoming non-significant in the elderly (Figure 1). However, for most factors, the increasing prevalence of other risk factors with age impacts primarily those with the index risk factor absent (Figure 2, example HTN as the “index” risk factor). Discussion: The impact of stroke risk factors substantially declined at older ages. However, this decrease is partially attributable to increases in the prevalence of other risk factors among those without the index risk factor, as there was little change in the prevalence of other risk factors in those with the index risk factor. Hence, the impact of the index risk factor is attenuated by increased risk in the comparison group. If this phenomenon is active with latent risk factors, estimates from multivariable analysis will also decrease with age. A deeper understanding of age-related changes in the impact of risk factors is needed.

scholarly journals Regenerative Medicine Approaches for Age-Related Muscle Loss and Sarcopenia: A Mini-Review

Gerontology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Diego Naranjo ◽  
Jenna L. Dziki ◽  
Stephen F. Badylak
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Function ◽  
Age Related Changes

Sarcopenia is a complex and multifactorial disease that includes a decrease in the number, structure and physiology of muscle fibers, and age-related muscle mass loss, and is associated with loss of strength, increased frailty, and increased risk for fractures and falls. Treatment options are suboptimal and consist of exercise and nutrition as the cornerstone of therapy. Current treatment principles involve identification and modification of risk factors to prevent the disease, but these efforts are of limited value to the elderly individuals currently affected by sarcopenia. The development of new and effective therapies for sarcopenia is challenging. Potential therapies can target one or more of the proposed multiple etiologies such as the loss of regenerative capacity of muscle, age-related changes in the expression of signaling molecules such as growth hormone, IGF-1, myostatin, and other endocrine signaling molecules, and age-related changes in muscle physiology like denervation and mitochondrial dysfunction. The present paper reviews regenerative medicine strategies that seek to restore adequate skeletal muscle structure and function including exogenous delivery of cells and pharmacological therapies to induce myogenesis or reverse the physiologic changes that result in the disease. Approaches that modify the microenvironment to provide an environment conducive to reversal and mitigation of the disease represent a potential regenerative medicine approach that is discussed herein.

Optimizing Antiepileptic Drug Therapy in the Elderly

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1852-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R Garnett
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Antiepileptic Drug ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Complex Partial Seizures ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Epilepsy In The Elderly ◽  
Clonic Seizures

OBJECTIVE To review and evaluate the medical literature concerning antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy in elderly patients. DATA SOURCES A MEDLINE search (1982–December 2004) was conducted. Bibliographies of the articles identified were also reviewed, and an Internet search engine was used to identify additional pertinent references. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Clinical studies and reviews were evaluated, and relevant information was included. DATA SYNTHESIS The elderly have the highest incidence of seizures among all age groups. Complex partial seizures are the most common, followed by primary generalized tonic–clonic seizures. An accurate diagnosis may prove difficult because of a low suspicion of epilepsy in the elderly and other diseases that may mimic seizures. Most AEDs are approved for treatment of elderly patients who have partial and tonic–clonic seizures. However, a number of age-related variables should be addressed when selecting an appropriate AED. Age-dependent differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of AEDs must be taken into account. Drug–drug interactions must be considered since elderly people often take multiple medications. The ultimate factor that often determines AED selection is tolerability. CONCLUSIONS Numerous factors must be considered in treating elderly patients for seizures, but maximizing the ability of patients to tolerate drug therapy is often the basis for AED selection. Special consideration should be made along several lines, including elderly patients’ cognitive functioning and their tendency to respond to lower AED concentrations.

scholarly journals Age-related mortality in 61,993 confirmed COVID-19 cases over three epidemic waves in Aragon, Spain. Implications for vaccination programmes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261061
Author(s):  
Diego Casas-Deza ◽  
Vanesa Bernal-Monterde ◽  
Angel Nicolás Aranda-Alonso ◽  
Enrique Montil-Miguel ◽  
Ana Belen Julián-Gomara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Age Related

Background Risk for severe COVID-19 increases with age. Different vaccination strategies are currently being considered, including those aimed at slowing down transmission and those aimed at providing direct protection to those most at risk. Methods The objectives of the current study were i) to assess age-related incidence and survival between PCR-diagnosed COVID-19 cases (n = 61,993) in the Autonomous Community of Aragon from March to November 2020, and ii) to characterize age differences regarding the course of the disease in hospitalized patients in a tertiary university hospital. Results We found a similar incidence of COVID-19 in individuals between 10 and 79 years. Incidence increased in those over 80 years possibly because of the elevated transmission within the nursing homes. We observed a profound disparity among age groups; case fatality rates (CFRs) were near 0 in cases younger than 39 years throughout different waves. In contrast, there was an age-dependent and progressive increase in the CFRs, especially during the first pandemic wave. SARS-CoV-2 infection caused a more severe and rapid progression in older patients. The elderly required faster hospitalization, presented more serious symptoms on admission, and had a worse clinical course. Hospitalized older individuals, even without comorbidities, had an increased mortality risk directly associated with their age. Lastly, the existence of comorbidities dramatically increased the CFRs in the elderly, especially in males. Conclusion The elevated incidence of COVID-19 and the vulnerability of the elderly call for their prioritization in vaccination and targeted prevention measures specifically focused on this aged population.

Age-related Utilization of Advanced Life Support Services

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Meador
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Related Case ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Age Related

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the relationship between age and Advanced Life Support (ALS) utilization.Population:All patients from 1 January 1987 to 31 December 1988 transported by ALS ambulances within Lebanon County, a rural/urban county of 112,000.Methods:All runs resulting in patient treatment by ALS personnel were tallied at five-year age intervals and sub-grouped by trauma- and non-trauma-related calls. Utilization rates for each age group were obtained by dividing the calls by the population of each group. Correlation with age was tested by Spearman's rank correlation. Treatment rates for age groups were calculated for the six most frequent medical etiologies. To illustrate the effect of age distributions, age rates were applied to projected state and national population distributions.Results:There was a significant correlation with age for all transports (p < .01; r=.93) and for those not related to trauma (p<.01; r=.98). Correlation was not detected for trauma-related responses (p>.10; r=.19). Non-trauma-related case incidence varied among age groups, ranging from 1.1/1,000 for age five through nine years to 89/1,000 for age 80–84 years. Congestive heart failure, cardiac ischemia, syncope, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrest evidenced increased incidence with age. Seizure did not. Older populations had a higher projected utilization of ALS services than did the younger age groups.Conclusion:Non-trauma ALS utilization is highly dependent on the age of the patient. Due to projected aging of the population and increased utilization of ALS by the elderly, projected utilization will increase at a rate faster than will the population. Age:rate data can be combined with population projections to estimate future need.

scholarly journals Age-related changes in behavioural and emotional problems in Smith–Magenis syndrome measured with the Developmental Behavior Checklist

2020 ◽  
pp. 174462951990105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Elisabeth Nag ◽  
Terje Nærland
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
Genetic Syndrome ◽  
Developmental Behavior ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Autism Symptomatology ◽  
Behavioural And Emotional Problems ◽  
Age Related Changes

Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a genetic syndrome most often caused by a deletion on chromosome 17 or more rarely by a mutation in the retinoic acid-induced 1 gene. The aim of this study was to investigate the Developmental Behavior Checklist (DBC) profile of persons with SMS and the associations between behavioural and emotional problems, age, gender, adaptive behaviour and autism symptomatology. Twenty-eight persons with SMS were represented by their parents in this study. DBC Total scores are reduced with age, but they still show a mean that is clearly above the cut-off of 46. The differences between the age groups <9 years and 9–17 years ( p = 0.024) and between the age groups <9 years and >18 years ( p = 0.007) are significant. We found a significant decrease in behavioural and emotional problems with age in SMS. We did not find a relationship between adapted behaviour and communication and behavioural and emotional problems.

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