Effect of Emotion and Type of Encoding on Memory for Actions: Verbal and Subject-Performed Tasks

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 162-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Borg ◽  
Zineb Bouazza ◽  
Marielle Godeau ◽  
Jean-Claude Getenet ◽  
Hanna Chainay

Background: The present study examines whether the interaction between emotion and the enactment effect (body involvement) improves memory in people with Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods: Two experiments with drawings of actions were conducted, in which two types of encoding were used: motor and verbal. In experiment 1, with 13 AD patients and 13 older healthy adults, the encoding was incidental. In experiment 2, with 17 mild AD patients and 21 older healthy adults, it was intentional. Results: In experiment 1, no effect of enactment or emotion was observed in the AD patients. In experiment 2, effects of enactment and emotion (better recall for negative actions) were observed in the AD patients. This pattern of results was also observed in the elderly control adults in both experiments. Conclusion: These results confirm effects observed in normal ageing and indicate a more subtle effect on AD.

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 377-389
Author(s):  
Michael Rutter ◽  
Aaron Klug

Martin Roth was distinguished for his major contributions to the understanding and classification of mental disorders in the elderly. These led to a new discipline, psychogeriatrics, as the problems of late life became recognized as constituting a major medical and social problem. His pioneering investigations led to the crucial demonstration of the differences between the dementias and the affective and other mental disorders of old age. The quantitative neuropathological and psychological studies undertaken by Roth and his colleagues established the pathology of Alzheimer disease as indicative of a disease separate from normal ageing and from other psychiatric disorders. These early studies led to collaborative molecular studies that pointed to a possibly causal pathological process.


PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Quaglino ◽  
Yannick Gounden ◽  
Emilie Lacot ◽  
Frédérique Couvillers ◽  
Amandine Lions ◽  
...  

ObjectiveThe autonomy of individuals is linked to the achievement of instrumental activities of daily living that require complex behavior. In the elderly, the assessment of autonomy is usually based on questionnaires that have strong subjective constraints. Considering this fact, we tested elderly healthy adults and Alzheimer disease patients using a new measure, the S-IADL (Simulation of Instrumental Activities for Daily Living), to assess the ability to perform effectively activities of daily living.MethodThe S-IADL shares many items with the well-known IADL questionnaire proposed by Lawton & Brody (1969). However, as opposed to the IADL, the assessment of autonomy is not based on the completion of a questionnaire but requires the realization or simulation of various activities of daily living. Eighty-three participants (69 healthy elderly, and 14 Alzheimer Disease patients) completed the IADL and performed the S-IADL assessment.ResultsResults revealed that, like the IADL, the S-IADL is able to identify AD patients who are likely to encounter difficulties in performing everyday activities, and no major differences were found between the IADL and the S-IADL.ConclusionsWe outlined some advantages for prefering, in certain situation, this new tool based on simulation of activities in functional evaluation. Finally, we discuss the main limits of the S-IADL that should be investigated prior to its utilization by clinicians.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung

Sexual function among older men is often thought to decrease as part of normal ageing biology despite the fact that sexuality remains an important issue in the elderly. Sexual dysfunction in the aged male is likely multifactorial in nature, with the development and/or progression of medical comorbidities often resulting in decline in male sexual function and poor treatment response. At present, sexual dysfunction in the ageing male is poorly investigated and understood, and current treatment strategies aim at improving sexual desire and erectile function with limited data on ejaculatory and orgasmic dysfunctions. In addition, men are often reticent to seek help for health concerns including sexual dysfunction. The following article provides a narrative review of strategies to address various aspects of sexual dysfunction in the ageing male. Clinicians need to be educated to be sensitive when discussing sexuality issues among older men and to present practical solutions that take into account individual and cultural differences.


1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Gagliese ◽  
Ronald Melzack

OBJECTIVE: To assess, in two studies, whether there are any age differences in beliefs about the role of psychological, organic and ageing factors in the experience of chronic pain.SUBJECTS: Healthy adults free from chronic pain ranging in age from 18 to 86 years (first study); adults with chronic pain due to arthritis, fibromyalgia or other rheumatological disorders ranging in age from 27 to 79 years (second study).MATERIALS: In both studies, subjects completed the Pain Beliefs Questionnaire which was modified to measure beliefs about the relationship between pain and ageing. In addition, subjects completed various self-assessments of health, pain intensity and depression. Those with chronic pain also completed the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale.RESULTS: There was no evidence of any age differences in beliefs about pain in either the pain-free or chronic pain samples. There was some evidence that elderly patients may report less pain, but there were no age differences found on measures of depression or self-efficacy.CONCLUSIONS: The elderly were no more likely than younger persons to associate pain with the normal ageing process than with organic factors such as tissue damage, nor were they more likely to deny the importance of psychological factors to the pain experience.


Author(s):  
María del Carmen Moreno Sáez

“Impresiones en azul” se corresponde con el nombre genérico de varios talleres dentro de un programa de educación artística para personas con demencia temprana, realizados en el Centro de Referencia Estatal de Atención a Personas con Enfermedad de Alzheimer y otras Demencias, de Salamanca, dependiente del IMSERSO. El objetivo de este programa era evaluar si la implementación de actividades artísticas podía ser una estrategia eficaz para promover el bienestar y las capacidades psicosociales, cognitivas y de comunicación de las personas con demencia temprana y, en consecuencia, una manera de mejorar los sistemas de cuidado de los mayores con principios de demencia. Estos talleres consistieron en el desarrollo de una sencilla técnica fotográfica, combinada con nuevas tecnologías. La investigación psicosocial cualitativa fue la metodología utilizada, prevista en tres fases: diseño de las actividades, desarrollo y seguimiento de los mismos y análisis de las producciones artísticas de los asistentes. Las conclusiones a las que se han llegado se pueden resumir en las siguientes: la demencia no ha supuesto problema alguno para el desarrollo de los talleres, el interés demostrado por los pacientes ha sido significativo, obteniendo resultados positivos en relación con su bienestar psicosocial, se ha experimentado un incremento de la comunicación entre los asistentes, tanto en sus relaciones interpersonales, como en su proyección al exterior y, por último, merece la pena destacar los modelos que pueden ser desarrollados en el cuidado de las personas con demencia temprana.“Impressions in blue” is the generic name given to several workshops belonging to an Art Education program targeted to people with early dementia, carried out in the State Centre for the Attention to People with Alzheimer Disease and other Dementias, in Salamanca, dependent on the IMSERSO. The aim of this program was assessing if the implementation of artistic activities could be an efficient strategy for promoting wellbeing and psychosocial, cognitive and communication capacities in people with early dementias and, therefore, improve the caring systems for the elderly with early dementias. These workshops consisted on the development of a simple photographic technique, combined with new technologies. The psychosocial qualitative research was the chosen methodology and was organised in three phases: activities design, development, follow-up and analysis of the artistic productions done by the participants. The conclusions drawn can be outlined as follows: Dementia didn’t cause any problem while developing the workshops; the interest shown by the participants was remarkable, obtaining positive reactions in regard to their psycho-social wellbeing; it was observed an increase in communication amongst the participants, not only in their personal relationships but also in their contact with the outside; lastly, it is worth highlighting the models that can be developed in the early dementia care.


2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Haller ◽  
Andreas U. Monsch ◽  
Jonas Richiardi ◽  
Frederik Barkhof ◽  
Reto W. Kressig ◽  
...  

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELISE CACCAPPOLO-VAN VLIET ◽  
JENNIFER MANLY ◽  
MING-XIN TANG ◽  
KAREN MARDER ◽  
KAREN BELL ◽  
...  

Test scores from a comprehensive neuropsychological battery administered to 1602 subjects consisting of 1347 subjects with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), 100 subjects with questionable dementia (QD) and 155 non-demented elderly control subjects were cross-sectionally analyzed. Subjects with probable AD were categorized as mild (n = 244), moderate (n = 480), severe (n = 376), and very severe (n = 247) according to modified mini mental status exam (mMMSE) scores. Mean scores on individual neuropsychological tests are provided for each group of subjects. Stratified random sampling was performed to select a sample of mild AD subjects who were matched in age and education to non-demented elderly controls, and analyses focused on the performance of QD subjects and mild AD subjects, whose scores were compared to those of the elderly control subjects. Selected scores were organized by cognitive domain and logistic regressions were used to determine the domains and individual tests within each that were most predictive of group status. Results suggested a profile of scores associated with QD and mild AD including impaired recall of verbal information for both groups. Areas of lower functioning in QD subjects as compared to elderly controls included category fluency and visuospatial ability. (JINS, 2003, 9, 720–732.)


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