scholarly journals The Effect of Allium cepa Extract on Lung Oxidant, Antioxidant, and Immunological Biomarkers in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Marefati ◽  
N. Eftekhar ◽  
M. Kaveh ◽  
J. Boskabadi ◽  
F. Beheshti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Immunological Markers ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Antioxidant Markers ◽  
Post Hoc

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of Allium cepa (A. cepa) on levels of oxidants, antioxidants, and immunological markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of sensitized rats. Materials and Methods: Oxidant/antioxidant markers and cytokines in BALF of control rats treated with saline (group C), ovalbumin-sensitized rats (group S), rats treated with 1.25 μg/mL dexamethasone and 3 doses of A. cepa extract (35, 70, and 140 mg/kg body weight [BW]/day) (S + AC) were investigated. Comparison of the results between groups was performed using analysis of variance with the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. Results: The oxidant markers nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrate (NO3–), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and immunological markers interleukin (IL)-4 and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were significantly higher, but the antioxidant markers superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), thiol, and interferon (IFN)-γ, and the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio were lower in sensitized rats compared to control rats (p < 0.001 to p < 0.01). Compared to group S, the levels of the following markers were significantly lower: NO2, NO3–, and IgE in groups treated with the A. cepa extract, MDA and IL-4 levels in groups treated with 70 and 140 mg/kg BW/day of the A. cepa extract, and all these markers as well as IFN-γ in rats treated with dexamethasone (p < 0.001 to p < 0.05). However, there were significantly higher levels of SOD and CAT and an increased IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio (groups treated with 70 and 140 mg/kg BW/day of the A. cepa extract), and levels of thiol and IFN-γ (group treated with 140 mg/kg BW/day of the A. cepa extract) as well as SOD, CAT, and thiol (dexamethasone-treated group) versus group S (p < 0.00 to p < 0.05). Conclusion: A. cepa showed antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties in sensitized rats.

Effect of Postoperative Xylitol Nasal Irrigation on Patients with Sinonasal Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Hyun Kim ◽  
Yeonji Kim ◽  
Il Gye Lim ◽  
Jin Hee Cho ◽  
Yong Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Nasal Symptom ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Nasal Irrigation

Objective To examine the effect of xylitol nasal irrigation in a large sample size of patients who had undergone nasal surgery. Study Design Double-blinded randomized controlled crossover study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Methods The study included 100 patients with sinonasal disease who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), septoplasty, or both concurrently. To identify patients with allergic sensitization, serum-specific immunoglobulin E levels were measured. Nasal symptoms were evaluated with the NOSE (Nasal Obstruction Symptoms Evaluation) and SNOT-20 (Sino-Nasal Outcome Test–20) and via visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Results In the ESS group (n = 34), the general nasal symptom score evaluated by the SNOT-20 showed significantly greater improvement in the xylitol group versus the saline group ( P = .022). VAS symptom scores for sneezing ( P = .003), headache ( P = .02), and facial pain ( P = .037) were also more improved in the xylitol group. In the septoplasty group (n = 39), the VAS score for nasal stuffiness showed a significantly greater improvement in the xylitol group when compared with the saline irrigation group ( P = .001). Among the patients with allergic sensitization (n = 31), rhinorrhea symptoms improved significantly more in the xylitol group than in the saline group ( P = .024). The preference survey showed that more than half of the patients in each surgical group preferred xylitol irrigation. Conclusion We found that xylitol nasal irrigation was useful in postoperative ESS and septoplasty care. For patients with allergic sensitization, rhinorrhea showed greater improvement in the xylitol group than in the saline group.

Production and Preliminary In Vivo Evaluations of a Novel in silico-designed L2-based Potential HPV Vaccine

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-324
Author(s):  
Manica Negahdaripour ◽  
Navid Nezafat ◽  
Reza Heidari ◽  
Nasrollah Erfani ◽  
Nasim Hajighahramani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Tlr Agonists ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Metal Affinity ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Future Work

Background: L2-based Human Papillomavirus (HPV) prophylactic vaccines, containing epitopes from HPV minor capsid proteins, are under investigation as second-generation HPV vaccines. No such vaccine has passed clinical trials yet, mainly due to the low immunogenicity of peptide vaccines; so efforts are being continued. A candidate vaccine composed of two HPV16 L2 epitopes, flagellin and a Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 4 agonist (RS09) as adjuvants, and two universal T-helper epitopes was designed in silico in our previous researches. Methods: The designed vaccine construct was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and purified through metal affinity chromatography. Following mice vaccination, blood samples underwent ELISA and flow cytometry analyses for the detection of IgG and seven Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Results: Following immunization, Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) type cytokines, as well as IgG, were induced significantly compared with the PBS group. Significant increases in IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-5 levels were observed in the vaccinated group versus Freund’s adjuvant group. Conclusion: The obtained cytokine induction profile implied both cellular and humoral responses, with a more Th-1 favored trend. However, an analysis of specific antibodies against L2 is required to confirm humoral responses. No significant elevation in inflammatory cytokines, (IL-6 and TNF-α), suggested a lack of unwanted inflammatory side effects despite using a combination of two TLR agonists. The designed construct might be capable of inducing adaptive and innate immunity; nevertheless, comprehensive immune tests were not conducted at this stage and will be a matter of future work.

scholarly journals Protective effect of Toxocara vitulorum extract against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholangitis in rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Mahmoud Badr ◽  
Mohamed Farid ◽  
Ahmed Abdel Aziz Biomy ◽  
Ayman Saber Mohamed ◽  
Noha Ahmed Mahana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Toxocara Vitulorum ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Antioxidant Markers

Abstract Background Cholestasis is the major cause of bile acid accumulation leading to liver damage. Chronic infection of worms can modulate the immune response towards T helper (Th)2-related cytokines. The present study aims to evaluate the protective impact of an ascarid nematode Toxocara vitulorum extract (TvE) against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholangitis male wistar rat model compared to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) as a standard drug. Results Pretreatment with TvE and/or UDCA induced a marked reduction in the levels of liver function tests and malondialdehyde, while antioxidant markers were increased compared to cholestatic rats. Pretreatment with either TvE or combination before cholangitis induction attenuated the predominant Th1-related cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) to Th2 (IL-13 and IL-10). TvE administration promoted higher expression levels of Bcl-2 protein and lower levels of caspase-3 compared to cholestatic rats. Conclusions Treatment with TvE has improved the liver functions and elevated the levels of oxidative stress markers. The upregulation of Th2-related cytokines and suppression of apoptosis through caspase-3 might be considered as a potential mechanism of TvE. Thereby, this natural extract revealed an opportunity for use in treatment of cholangitis disease.

N-acetylcysteine administration alters the response to inspiratory loading in oxygen-supplemented rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1119-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Supinski ◽  
D. Stofan ◽  
R. Ciufo ◽  
A. Dimarco
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Respiratory Arrest ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Loaded Breathing

Supinski, G. S., D. Stofan, R. Ciufo, and A. DiMarco. N-acetylcysteine administration alters the response to inspiratory loading in oxygen-supplemented rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(4): 1119–1125, 1997.—Based on recent studies, it has been suggested that free radicals are elaborated in the respiratory muscles during strenuous contractions and contribute to the development of muscle fatigue. If this theory is correct, then it should be possible to attenuate the development of diaphragm fatigue and/or delay the onset of respiratory failure during loaded breathing by administering a free radical scavenger. The purpose of the present experiment was, therefore, to examine the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a free radical scavenger and glutathione precursor, on the evolution of respiratory failure in decerebrate unanesthetized rats breathing against a large inspiratory resistive load. We compared the inspiratory volume and pressure generation over time in animals pretreated with either saline or NAC (150 mg/kg) and then loaded until respiratory arrest. After arrest, the diaphragm was excised, and samples were assayed for reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione. As a control, we also assessed respiratory function and glutathione concentrations in groups of nonloaded saline- and NAC-treated animals. We found that NAC-treated animals were able to tolerate loading better than the saline-treated group, maintaining higher inspiratory pressures and sustaining higher inspired volumes. Administration of NAC also increased the time that animals could tolerate loading before the development of respiratory arrest. In addition, although saline-treated loaded animals had significant reductions in diaphragmatic GSH levels compared with unloaded controls, the magnitude of this reduction was blunted by NAC administration (i.e., GSH averaged 965 ± 113, 568 ± 83, 907 ± 39, and 784 ± 61 nmol/g for unloaded-saline, loaded-saline, unloaded-NAC, and loaded-NAC groups, P< 0.05, with the value for the loaded-saline group lower than the values for the two unloaded groups; GSH for the loaded-NAC group was not different, however, from unloaded controls). These data demonstrate that administration of NAC, a free radical scavenger, slows the rate of development of respiratory failure during inspiratory resistive loading.

scholarly journals Perioperative Gabapentin Does Not Reduce Postoperative Delirium in Older Surgical Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Postoperative Delirium ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Opioid Use

Abstract Background Postoperative pain and opioid use are associated with postoperative delirium. We designed a single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm, double-blinded trial to determine whether perioperative administration of gabapentin reduced postoperative delirium after noncardiac surgery. Methods Patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo (N = 347) or gabapentin 900 mg (N = 350) administered preoperatively and for the first 3 postoperative days. The primary outcome was postoperative delirium as measured by the Confusion Assessment Method. Secondary outcomes were postoperative pain, opioid use, and length of hospital stay. Results Data for 697 patients were included, with a mean ± SD age of 72 ± 6 yr. The overall incidence of postoperative delirium in any of the first 3 days was 22.4% (24.0% in the gabapentin and 20.8% in the placebo groups; the difference was 3.20%; 95% CI, 3.22% to 9.72%; P = 0.30). The incidence of delirium did not differ between the two groups when stratified by surgery type, anesthesia type, or preoperative risk status. Gabapentin was shown to be opioid sparing, with lower doses for the intervention group versus the control group. For example, the morphine equivalents for the gabapentin-treated group, median 6.7 mg (25th, 75th quartiles: 1.3, 20.0 mg), versus control group, median 6.7 mg (25th, 75th quartiles: 2.7, 24.8 mg), differed on the first postoperative day (P = 0.04). Conclusions Although postoperative opioid use was reduced, perioperative administration of gabapentin did not result in a reduction of postoperative delirium or hospital length of stay.

Withania somnifera attenuates nicotine induced locomotor sensitization and withdrawal symptoms in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-184
Author(s):  
Nitin G Dumore ◽  
◽  
Milind J Umekar ◽  
Brijrsh G Taksande ◽  
Manish M Aglawe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Nicotine Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Locomotor Sensitization ◽  
Nicotine Treatment ◽  
Per Se

Objective: To investigate the effect of withania somnifera extract (WSE) on nicotine mediated reinforcement effect and withdrawal symptoms which attributed for the addiction liabilities of nicotine. Methods: In Swiss albino mice nicotine mediated locomotor sensitization and anxiogenic effects of chronic and acute nicotine treatment respectively was tested per se or in combination with WSE. In addition, nicotine withdrawal induced anxiety-like behavior was also studied. Locomotor sensitization was tested by employing open field test (OFT), while symptoms of anxiety were evaluated by subjecting mice to elevated plus maze (EPM). Results: Daily treatment with nicotine (subcutaneous) for 7 days showed gradual increase in the locomotor activity in OFT as compared to saline group indicating the development of locomotor sensitization. Following 3 days of drug free period, nicotine challenge on day 11 also showed rise in locomotor activity depicting expression of sensitization. WSE pretreatment inhibited the nicotine induced development and expression of locomotor sensitization. WSE+nicotine treated group showed decreased ambulations as compared to per se nicotine group on day 1-7 and day 8 (P<0.05). In EPM, acute nicotine treated mice spend more time in open arms as compared to saline indicating the anxiolytic behavior. WSE pretreatment reversed this anxiolytic effect. Nicotine withdrawal mice showed significant increase in the number of entries in arm and total time spend in closed arm indicating anxiety-like behavior. WSE treatment in nicotine withdrawal mice inhibited the nicotine withdrawal induced increased number of entries and time spend in closed arms. Conclusion: These results indicated that WSE may serve an effective herbal medicine in arresting nicotine mediated reinforcement and withdrawal signs

scholarly journals Siraitia grosvenorii Residual Extract Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis by Regulating Immune Dysfunction and Skin Barrier Abnormality

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3638
Author(s):  
Yoon-Young Sung ◽  
Heung-Joo Yuk ◽  
Won-Kyung Yang ◽  
Seung-Hyung Kim ◽  
Dong-Seon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Siraitia Grosvenorii ◽  
Ifn Γ

Atopic dermatitis is a persistent inflammatory skin disorder. Siraitia grosvenorii fruits (monk fruit or nahangwa in Korean, NHG) are used as a natural sweetener and as a traditional medicine for the treatment of asthma and bronchitis. We evaluated the activity of S. grosvenorii residual extract (NHGR) on allergic inflammation of atopic dermatitis in a Dermatophagoides farinae mite antigen extract (DfE)-treated NC/Nga murine model and in vitro. Oral administration of NHGR significantly reduced epidermal hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration in the skin lesions of DfE-induced atopic dermatitis, as well as the dermatitis severity score. NHGR reduced serum immunoglobulin E levels. Splenic concentrations of IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were reduced by NHGR administration. Immunohistofluorescence staining showed that NHGR administration increased the protein levels of claudin-1, SIRT1, and filaggrin in atopic dermatitis skin lesions. In addition, NHGR inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and decreased filaggrin and chemokine protein expression in TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced human keratinocytes. Moreover, NHGR also inhibited histamine in mast cells. The quantitative analysis of NHGR revealed the presence of grosvenorine, kaempferitrin, and mogrosides. These results demonstrate that NHGR may be an efficient therapeutic agent for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Effect Of Citrullus Lanatus Juice On Hemoglobin, Red Blood Cells And Liver Enzyme; An Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 257-260
Author(s):  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Nuzhat Sultana ◽  
Muslim Abbas ◽  
Zareen Naz ◽  
Muhammad Akbar Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective: To determine effect of citrullus lanatus juice on hemoglobin and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) level. Study design and setting: It was an experimental study conducted on healthy rabbits for sixty days in the research department of pharmacy University of Karachi. Methodology: Current study was planned to evaluate effect of Citrullus lanatus juice on red blood cells, hemoglobin and liver enzyme. 60 days study was performed at 2 different doses i.e 3and 6ml/kg on rabbits. These rabbits were from either gender and were divided into 3 groups their weight ranges from 1200 to 1800 grams. Group A is control group (Normal saline 6ml/kg), Group B is treated group (3 ml/kg), Group C is treated group (6ml/kg). After taking mean of all values they are compared with control group. Significance of mean can be estimated by Tukes Post Hoc Test. P<0.05 estimated as significant. Results: It was found that count of red blood cells rises significantly along with rise in hemoglobin level. As far as liver enzyme serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) was concerned its concentration decreases slightly. Conclusion: Citrullus lanatus juice contain ingredients which are important for RBC hemoglobin and synthesis .It also contains important antioxidants that have organoprotective role due to which SGPT level decreases even in healthy animals as compared to control groups

Psoralidin exerts anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic, and immunostimulatory activities in 4T1 tumor‐bearing balb/c mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davar Amani ◽  
Elham Shakiba ◽  
Ehsan Motaghi ◽  
Hiva Alipanah ◽  
Mahshad Jalalpourroodsari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Background Psoralidin as a compound of the Psoralea corylifolia seeds exhibited several anti-cancer potentials in various cancers. Materials and methods In this study, 4T1 tumor‐bearing Balb/c mice were treated by intraperitoneal administration of Psoralidin, and Paraffin, as a control group to investigate anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic, and immunostimulatory activities in breast cancer. Body weight and tumor volume measurement were performed. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining as well as immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, CD31 and VEGF markers were conducted. In addition, ELISA assay was performed for evaluating the serum level of IFN-γ and IL-4. Moreover, real time assay was performed to evaluate the expression of angiogenesis and immunostimulatory related genes. Results There were no significant changes in the body weight of all animal groups. The anti-cancer effects of Psoralidin were significantly observed after 24 days of the last treatment, confirmed by smaller tumor volume and also H&E staining. The expression level of Ki‐67, CD31 and VEGF were significantly decreased in tumor tissues of the Psoralidin-treated group in comparison with Paraffin-treated group. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in the serum level of IL-4 in tumor-bearing mice after Psoralidin treatment while the serum level of IFN-γ was significantly augmented in all groups. Moreover, the reduction in expression of VEGF-a and IL-1β was observed. Interestingly Psoralidin treatment led to expression increase of FOXp3. Conclusions Psoralidin shows the anti-cancer potential in an animal model of breast cancer; however, further studies are recommended to elucidate its mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Apigenin Attenuates Allergic Responses of Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis Through Modulation of Th1/Th2 Responses in Experimental Mice

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 155932582090479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Chen ◽  
Dongyun He ◽  
Bailing Yan
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Ifn Γ

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immune-inflammatory response mainly affecting nasal mucosa. Apigenin, a flavonoid, has been documented to possess promising anti-allergic potential. Aim: To determine the potential mechanism of action of apigenin against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR by assessing various behavioral, biochemical, molecular, and ultrastructural modifications. Materials and Methods: Allergic rhinitis was induced in BALB/c mice (18-22 grams) by sensitizing it with OVA (5%, 500 μL, intraperitoneal [IP] on each consecutive day, for 13 days) followed by intranasal challenge with OVA (5%, 5 μL per nostril on day 21). Animals were treated with either vehicle (distilled water, 10 mg/kg, IP) or apigenin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, IP). Results: Intranasal challenge of OVA resulted in significant induction ( P < .05) of AR reflected by an increase in nasal symptoms (sneezing, rubbing, and discharge), which were ameliorated significantly ( P < .05) by apigenin (10 and 20 mg/kg) treatment. It also significantly inhibited ( P < .05) OVA-induced elevated serum histamine, OVA-specific IgE, total IgE, and IgG1 and β-hexosaminidase levels. Ovalbumin-induced increased levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and interferon (IFN)-γ in nasal lavage fluid were significantly decreased ( P < .05) by apigenin. Ovalbumin-induced alterations in splenic GATA binding protein 3 (ie, erythroid transcription factor) (GATA3), T-box protein expressed in T cells (T-bet), signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT6), suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-alpha messenger RNA, as well as protein expressions were significantly inhibited ( P < .05) by apigenin. It also significantly ameliorated ( P < .05) nasal and spleen histopathologic and ultrastructure aberration induced by OVA. Conclusion: Apigenin regulates Th1/Th2 balance via suppression in expressions of Th2 response (IgE, histamine, ILs, GATA3, STAT6, SOCS1, and NF-κB) and activation of Th1 response (IFN-γ and T-bet) to exert its anti-allergic potential in a murine model of OVA-induced AR.

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