scholarly journals Physical Exhaustion Induced Variations in Event-Related Potentials and Cognitive Task Performance in Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afreen Begum H. Itagi ◽  
Navin A. Patil ◽  
Rahul K. Kotian ◽  
Suneel Kumar Reddy ◽  
Shardul Abhyankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals Expectancy of Stress-Reducing Aromatherapy Effect and Performance on a Stress-Sensitive Cognitive Task

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Chamine ◽  
Barry S. Oken
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
N200 Amplitude ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
And Performance

Objective. Stress-reducing therapies help maintain cognitive performance during stress. Aromatherapy is popular for stress reduction, but its effectiveness and mechanism are unclear. This study examined stress-reducing effects of aromatherapy on cognitive function using the go/no-go (GNG) task performance and event related potentials (ERP) components sensitive to stress. The study also assessed the importance of expectancy in aromatherapy actions.Methods. 81 adults were randomized to 3 aroma groups (active experimental, detectable, and undetectable placebo) and 2 prime subgroups (prime suggesting stress-reducing aroma effects or no-prime). GNG performance, ERPs, subjective expected aroma effects, and stress ratings were assessed at baseline and poststress.Results. No specific aroma effects on stress or cognition were observed. However, regardless of experienced aroma, people receiving a prime displayed faster poststress median reaction times than those receiving no prime. A significant interaction for N200 amplitude indicated divergent ERP patterns between baseline and poststress for go and no-go stimuli depending on the prime subgroup. Furthermore, trends for beneficial prime effects were shown on poststress no-go N200/P300 latencies and N200 amplitude.Conclusion. While there were no aroma-specific effects on stress or cognition, these results highlight the role of expectancy for poststress response inhibition and attention.

scholarly journals Mobile Brain/Body Imaging of cognitive-motor impairment in multiple sclerosis: deriving EEG-based neuro-markers during a dual-task walking study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierfilippo De Sanctis ◽  
Brenda R. Malcolm ◽  
Peter C. Mabie ◽  
Ana A. Francisco ◽  
Wenzhu B. Mowrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Dual Task Performance ◽  
Related Potentials

ABSTRACTIndividuals with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) often present with deficits in the cognitive as well as the motor domain. The ability to perform tasks that rely on both domains may therefore be particularly impaired. Yet, behavioral studies designed to measure costs associated with performing two tasks at the same time such as dual-task walking have yielded mixed results. Patients may mobilize additional brain resources to sustain good levels of performance. To test this hypothesis, we acquired event-related potentials (ERP) in thirteen individuals with MS and fifteen healthy control (HC) participants performing a Go/NoGo response inhibition task while sitting (i.e., single task) or walking on a treadmill (i.e., dual-task). In previous work, we showed that the nogo-N2 elicited by the cognitive task was reduced when healthy adults are also asked to walk, and that nogo-N2 reduction was accompanied by sustained dual-task performance. We predicted that some MS patients, similar to their healthy peers, may mobilize N2-indexed brain resources and thereby reduce costs. Somewhat to our surprise, the HC group performed the Go/NoGo task more accurately while walking, thus showing a dual-task benefit, whereas, in line with expectation, the MS group showed a trend towards dual-task costs. The expected nogo-N2 reduction during dual-task walking was found in the HC group, but was not present at the group level in the MS group, suggesting that this group did not modulate the nogo-N2 process in response to higher task load. Regression analysis for the pooled sample revealed a robust link between nogo-N2 reduction and better dual-task performance. We conclude that impaired nogo-N2 adaptation reflects a neurophysiological marker of cognitive-motor dysfunction in MS.

scholarly journals Sport Experience and Physical Activity: Event-Related Brain Potential and Task Performance Indices of Attention in Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Mohamed Aly ◽  
Mohamed A. Ahmed ◽  
Asmaa Hasan ◽  
Haruyuki Kojima ◽  
Abdelhakem R. Abdelhakem
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Potentials

A growing body of literature demonstrates that engaging in sport regularly and maintaining an active lifestyle have a positive impact on cognition. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of sport experiences and physical activity on attention, and explore whether the type of sport can impact differently on the neuroelectric system using Event-Related Potentials (ERPs). Thirty-three young adults (mean age = 19.72 ± 1.25) were divided according to their sport experience into swimmers, karateka, and irregular exercisers. Participants performed auditory oddball tasks, while measures of task performance and ERPs were collected. The results indicated that exercisers, regardless of their sport experience, exhibited a larger and shorter P3 compared to irregular exercisers. However, no significant difference was observed in the reaction time (RT) between groups. No statistically significant differences in the RT and P3 were present between swimmers and karateka. These findings suggest that sport experiences, regardless of the type, are associated with a larger amount of neural attentional resources and faster stimulus evaluation speed. The results replicate previous studies that have reported improved cognitive functions in more active individuals. They further extended the current knowledge by indicating that both swimming and karate influence attention and do not differentially alter the brain response.

Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evidence of a Right Hemisphere Bias for the Influence of Negative Emotion on Higher Cognition

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliana R. Simon-Thomas ◽  
Kemi O. Role ◽  
Robert T. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Visual Hemifield ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance ◽  
Stroop Stimulus ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Right

We examined how responses to aversive pictures affected performance and stimulus-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded during a demanding cognitive task. Numeric Stroop stimuli were briefly presented to either left or right visual hemifield (LVF and RVF, respectively) after a centrally presented aversive or neutral picture from the International Affective Picture System. Subjects indicated whether a quantity value from each Stroop stimulus matched the preceding Stroop stimulus while passively viewing the pictures. After aversive pictures, responses were more accurate for LVF Stroops and less accurate for RVF Stroops. Early-latency extrastriate attention-dependent visual ERPs were enhanced for LVF Stroops. The N2 ERP was enhanced for LVF Stroops over the right frontal and parietal scalp sites. Slow potentials (300–800 msec) recorded over the frontal and parietal regions showed enhanced picture related modulation and amplitude for LVF Stroops. These results suggest that emotional responses to aversive pictures selectively facilitated right hemisphere processing during higher cognitive task performance.

Cognitive Task Performance and Frequency of Alcohol Usage in Young Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arit M. Harvanko ◽  
Brian L. Odlaug ◽  
Liana R.N. Schreiber ◽  
Jon E. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance

You Are Your Words: Linguistic Correlates of Cognitive Task Performance

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Varner ◽  
Scott A. Crossley ◽  
Erica L. Snow ◽  
Danielle S. McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance

Age-Related Differences in Motivational Integration and Cognitive Control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Marianne Yee ◽  
Sarah L Adams ◽  
Asad Beck ◽  
Todd Samuel Braver
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance

Motivational incentives play an influential role in value-based decision-making and cognitive control. A compelling hypothesis in the literature suggests that the brain integrates the motivational value of diverse incentives (e.g., motivational integration) into a common currency value signal that influences decision-making and behavior. To investigate whether motivational integration processes change during healthy aging, we tested older (N=44) and younger (N=54) adults in an innovative incentive integration task paradigm that establishes dissociable and additive effects of liquid (e.g., juice, neutral, saltwater) and monetary incentives on cognitive task performance. The results reveal that motivational incentives improve cognitive task performance in both older and younger adults, providing novel evidence demonstrating that age-related cognitive control deficits can be ameliorated with sufficient incentive motivation. Additional analyses revealed clear age-related differences in motivational integration. Younger adult task performance was modulated by both monetary and liquid incentives, whereas monetary reward effects were more gradual in older adults and more strongly impacted by trial-by-trial performance feedback. A surprising discovery was that older adults shifted attention from liquid valence toward monetary reward throughout task performance, but younger adults shifted attention from monetary reward toward integrating both monetary reward and liquid valence by the end of the task, suggesting differential strategic utilization of incentives. Together these data suggest that older adults may have impairments in incentive integration, and employ different motivational strategies to improve cognitive task performance. The findings suggest potential candidate neural mechanisms that may serve as the locus of age-related change, providing targets for future cognitive neuroscience investigations.

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