scholarly journals Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Saudi Arabia: A Community-Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muath Alkhunizan ◽  
Abdullah Alkhenizan ◽  
Loay Basudan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: The age of the population in Saudi Arabia is shifting toward elderly, which can lead to an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment (MCI and dementia) among elderly patients in a community-based setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included patients aged 60 years and above who were seen in the Family Medicine Clinics affiliated with King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre. Patients with delirium, active depression, and patients with a history of severe head trauma in the past 3 months were excluded. Patients were interviewed during their regular visit by a trained physician to collect demographic data and to administer the validated Arabic version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Results: One hundred seventy-one Saudi patients were recruited based on a calculated sample size for the aim of this study. The mean age of included sample was 67 ± 6 years. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 45%. The prevalence of MCI was 38.6% and the prevalence of dementia was 6.4%. Age, low level of education, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were risk factors for cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Prevalence of MCI and dementia in Saudi Arabia using MoCA were in the upper range compared to developed and developing countries. The high rate of risk factors for cognitive impairment in Saudi Arabia is contributing to this finding.

Association of Circulating Cholesterol Level with Cognitive Function and Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: A Community-based Population Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-565
Author(s):  
Yujie Guo ◽  
Pengfei Li ◽  
Xiaojun Ma ◽  
Xiaochen Huang ◽  
Zhuoheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
Female Subjects

Background: The present study was designed to examine the association of circulating cholesterol with cognitive function in non-demented community aging adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 1754 Chinese adults aged 55-80 years. The association between serum cholesterol levels and cognitive function was examined. Participants were categorized into four groups according to the quartile of circulating TC (total cholesterol), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-c), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c) levels and HDLc/ LDL-c ratio. The difference in cognitive performance among the groups was compared. Logistic regression model was used to determine the association of circulating cholesterol level with the risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Results: Mild increase of serum LDL-c level correlated with better visual and executive, language, memory and delayed recall abilities. Higher circulating TC and HDL-c levels were found to be associated with poorer cognitive function, especially in aging female subjects. Higher circulating TC, HDL-c and HDL/LDL ratio indicated an increased risk of MCI, especially in female subjects. Conclusion: Slight increase in circulating LDL-c level might benefit cognitive function in aging adults. However, higher circulating TC and HDL-c levels might indicate a decline of cognitive function, especially in aging female subjects.

scholarly journals Association between ApoE ε4 Carrier Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Mild Cognitive Impairment among Mexican Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Sara G. Aguilar-Navarro ◽  
Itzel I. Gonzalez-Aparicio ◽  
José Alberto Avila-Funes ◽  
Teresa Juárez-Cedillo ◽  
Teresa Tusié-Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Increased Risk

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (amnestic or non-amnestic) has different clinical and neuropsychological characteristics, and its evolution is heterogeneous. Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), such as hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia, and the presence of the Apolipoprotein E ε4 (ApoE ε4) polymorphism have been associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias but the relationship is inconsistent worldwide. We aimed to establish the association between the ApoE ε4 carrier status and CVRF on MCI subtypes (amnestic and non-amnestic) in Mexican older adults. Cross-sectional study including 137 older adults (n = 63 with normal cognition (NC), n = 24 with amnesic, and n = 50 with non-amnesic MCI). Multinomial logistic regression models were performed in order to determine the association between ApoE ε4 polymorphism carrier and CVRF on amnestic and non-amnestic-MCI. ApoE ε4 carrier status was present in 28.8% participants. The models showed that ApoE ε4 carrier status was not associated neither aMCI nor naMCI condition. The interaction term ApoE ε4 × CVRF was not statistically significant for both types of MCI. However, CVRF were associated with both types of MCI and the association remained statistically significant after adjustment by sex, age, and education level. The carrier status of the ApoE genotype does not contribute to this risk.

Prevalence of Types, Frequency and Risk Factors for Complications after Exodontia

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Impacted Tooth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mandibular Third Molars

Background: Exodontia is one of the most frequently carried out procedures by a dental surgeon, mostly on an outpatient department basis. The reasons for performing exodontia include non-restorable teeth, periodontal disease, dental trauma, impacted tooth, orthodontic treatment and toothache. Complications in dental extraction are a commonly encountered problem in dental clinics. This knowledge can help dental surgeons make extractions less invasive, traumatic and complicated, enabling quicker recovery of the socket. The aim of this study was to recognize types, frequency and risk factors for complications after exodontia. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled patients who had exodontia done from July- September 2019, visiting OPD of the Oral surgery department of Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi. Risk factors included demographic data, general health, past medical and dental history. Spearman’s correlation test was used to establish any relationship of variables with complications. Results: The study patients (126) included 72 females (mean age 39.1±13.39) and 54 males (mean age 41.1±14.93). The overall complications rate was found to be 7.1%, mainly arising from maxillary and mandibular third molars. The most common complications encountered were Hemorrhage, Pain, and Trismus. Increasing age and specific teeth extracted were associated with an increased risk for complications. However, post-operative complications which were encountered most of them were minor and handled on an outpatient department basis. Conclusion: Frequency and risk factors for complications after exodontia were found low3 (37.5%). While age and teeth extracted cannot be directly altered, these factors maybe indirectly modified, resulting in a potential decrease of postoperative complications.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Rural Thai Older People, Associated Risk Factors and their Cognitive Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiranan Griffiths ◽  
Lakkana Thaikruea ◽  
Nahathai Wongpakaran ◽  
Peeraya Munkhetvit
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Rural Thailand

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage between normal cognition and dementia. A review showed that 10–15% of those with MCI annually progressed to Alzheimer’s disease. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with MCI as well as the characteristics of cognitive deficits among older people in rural Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 482 people who were 60 years old and over was conducted in northern Thailand. The assessments were administered by trained occupational therapists using demographic and health characteristics, Mental Status Examination Thai 10, Activities of Daily Living – Thai Assessment Scale, 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B, Thai version). Results: The mean age of MCI was 68.3 ± 6.82 years, and most had an education ≤4 years. The prevalence of MCI in older people was 71.4% (344 out of 482), and it increased with age. Low education and diabetes mellitus (DM) were the significant risk factors associated with cognitive decline. Older people with MCI were more likely to have an education ≤4 years (RR 1.74, 95% CI 1.21–2.51) and DM (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04–1.36) than those who did not. The 3 most common cognitive impairments according to MoCA-B were executive function (86%), alternating attention (33.1%) and delayed recall (31.1%). Conclusion: The prevalence of MCI in older Thai people in a rural area is high compared with that in other countries. The explanation might be due to low education and underlying disease associated with MCI. A suitable program that can reduce the prospects of MCI in rural Thailand is needed.

Subjective Memory Complaints and Mild Cognitive Impairment

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Simoes ◽  
L.C. Castro ◽  
O. Ribeiro ◽  
T. Salgado ◽  
C. Paz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Subjective Memory Complaints ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Memory Complaints ◽  
Increased Risk

Background:Subjective Memory Complaints (SMC) are common in clinical practice. the clinical significance of these subjective complaints among older individuals is not well understood.Aim:To study and discuss the association between SMC and MCI, underlining the importance of an adequate clinical assessment of SMC in the elderly.Methods:Review of the literature.Results:There is no consistent definition of SMC in the literature. Some prospective studies showed an association with objective memory impairments, conceptualizing SMC as a Pre-Mild Cognitive Impairment. SMC are also currently considered to be a core feature of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Cross-sectional studies and longitudinal studies showed conflicting results concerning the association between SMC and MCI.Discussion:The understanding of the predictive value of SMC in cognitive decline is still poorly understood. It is important to define criteria aimed to increase specificity of memory complaints, allowing an earlier identification of populations with higher risk of MCI. Future research on this complex association is important to identify SMC individuals at increased risk of conversion to MCI and dementia.

scholarly journals Identifying the Factors Related to Depressive Symptoms Amongst Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Song ◽  
Doris S.F. Yu ◽  
Polly W.C. Li ◽  
Qiuhua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

High-level depressive symptoms have been reported in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), resulting in increased risk of progression to dementia. However, studies investigating the correlates of depressive symptoms among this population are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the significant socio-demographic, lifestyle-related and disease-related correlates of depressive symptoms among this cohort. Cross-sectional data were obtained from a sample of 154 Chinese community-dwelling older adults with MCI. MCI subjects were screened by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale. Possible correlates of depressive symptoms in individuals with MCI were explored by multiple linear regressions. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults with MCI was 31.8%. In multiple regression analysis, poor perceived positive social interaction, small social network, low level of physical activity, poor functional status, subjective memory complaint, and poor health perception were correlated with depressive symptoms. The findings highlight that depressive symptoms are sufficient to warrant evaluation and management in older adults with MCI. Addressing social isolation, assisting this vulnerable group in functional and physical activities, and cultivating a positive perception towards cognitive and physical health are highly prioritized treatment targets among individuals with MCI.

scholarly journals Active surveillance of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in endemic areas in rural Bolivia

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Luna Tedesqui ◽  
Guido Noel Chuquimia Calleja ◽  
Rolando Parra ◽  
Javier Palacios Pabón ◽  
Márcio Neves Bóia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis

INTRODUCTION: American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), including mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) and localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), is endemic in Bolivia. We describe the results of active surveillance of ATL from 2001 to 2006 and assess demographic data related to ATL epidemiology in the Yungas valleys. METHODS: Community-based active ATL surveillance was performed by the institutions SERVIR, CÁRITAS, and the Health Services Department of La Paz, whose files were reviewed retrospectively. A cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess demographic data in two communities. RESULTS: Two thousand nine hundred nine cases of ATL were detected from 2001 to 2006: 2,488 (85.5%) corresponded to LCL and 421 (14.5%) to MCL. A reduction in the proportion of mucosal cases was observed between 2001 and 2006. The proportion of MCL cases increased with age and was higher among males (15.5% versus 12.1%, p=0.018). The rate of positivity via direct observation of the parasite in dermal scrapings and in parasite cultivation was significantly higher for LCL than for MCL (p<0.001 and p=0.009, respectively). The rate of reactivity in the leishmanin skin test was higher in the group with mucosal lesions (p=0.012). The cross-sectional survey showed that 40% of the families had emigrated from the Altiplano. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to undertake continuous case detection of ATL in the area, where the disease presents a high rate of mucosal cases. Increasing incidence seems to be associated with immigration and continuous deforestation to expand the crop-growing areas.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment аmong Apparently Healthy People and the Role of MicroRNAs

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 3253-3261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman I. Salama ◽  
Somia I. Salama ◽  
Dalia M. Elmosalami ◽  
Rehan M. Saleh ◽  
Hanaa Rasmy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Low Sensitivity

BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a stage between the expected cognitive decline of normal ageing and the serious decline of dementia. AIM: To identify risk factors and role of miRNAs associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among employees. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 186 employees aged between 40 and 65 years. Cognitive function was evaluated using ACEIII, MoCA, and Quick cognitive tests. Medical history and lifestyle were assessed. Family 132 & 134 miRNA expressions were assessed by real-time PCR. RESULTS: MCI was detected among 14 / 186 (7.5%). miRNA 132 expression was the only significant miRNAs to detect MCI with low sensitivity and specificity (70%). The logistic analysis revealed that higher miRNA132 expressions, low monthly intake of; vegetables, unroasted nuts, low education and higher ALT levels were predicting factors for MCI with AOR 1.1 (1.01-3.3), 1.2 (1.04-1.43), 0.8 (0.8-0.98), 2.7 (1.9-7.4) and 1.6 (1.1-2.3) respectively. CONCLUSION: MiRNAs expression showed low sensitivity and specificity in detecting MCI; only miRNA 132 might be used. Several modifiable factors seem to reduce the risk of MCI.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Markers and BDNF between Cerebral Palsy and Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1055-1055
Author(s):  
Kheng Siang (Ted) Ng ◽  
James Carollo ◽  
Alex Tagawa ◽  
Zhaoxing Pan ◽  
Patricia Heyn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Adults with cerebral palsy (CP) have higher risk of developing geriatric syndromes. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage between healthy aging and dementia, often co-morbid with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We recently showed an “accelerated aging model”, where CP shares similar CVD risk factors with MCI, potentially accounting for CP’s increased risk of dementia. In this study, we further examined sex differences between CP and MCI (aim 1) and within CP (aim 2). From an accredited clinical motion analysis laboratory at Children’s Hospital Colorado (CP) and a university in Singapore (MCI), we recruited 72 adults with CP [mean (SD) of age=20 (5.3), Sex: men=47.2% and women=52.8%] and MCI [mean (SD) of age=71.28 (6.03), Sex: men=29.2% and women=70.8%]. We analyzed blood Pressure (BP), Framingham Heart Study Score (FHSS), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Compared to MCI, women with CP had lower BDNF (β=-3.550, 95% CI=-5.659 to -1.441, p=0.001), while men with CP had lower diastolic BP (β=-28.204, 95% CI=-52.148 to -4.260, p=0.022). Both women and men with CP also had lower FHSS, compared to MCI (β=-2.515, 95% CI=-3.721 to -1.309, p&lt;0.001; β=-3.724, 95% CI=-5.561 to -1.888, p&lt;0.001, respectively). Women in the CP cohort showed lower FHSS (β=-0.172, 95% CI=-0.310 to -0.033, p=0.016). We found sex-related differences in BDNF and CVD markers. Comparing across and within cohorts, although having lower BDNF levels, women with CP had better FHSS. These findings support our accelerated aging hypothesis, and further suggest sex differences in aging-related risk factors in CP, supporting sex-related precision medicine approach.

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