Chromosome Rearrangements Caused by Double Monosomy in Wheat-Barley Group-7 Substitution Lines

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Danilova ◽  
Bernd Friebe ◽  
Bikram S. Gill ◽  
Jesse Poland ◽  
Eric Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangements ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Group ◽  
Tertiary Gene Pool

Interspecific or introgressive hybridization is one of the driving forces in plant speciation, producing allopolyploids or diploids with rearranged genomes. The process of karyotype reshaping following homoploid interspecific hybridization has not been studied experimentally. Interspecific hybridization is widely used in plant breeding to increase genetic diversity and introgress new traits. Numerous introgression stocks were developed for hexaploid wheat Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 6x = 42, genome AABBDD). Double monosomic lines, containing one alien chromosome from the tertiary gene pool of wheat and one homoeologous wheat chromosome, represent a simplified model for studying chromosome rearrangements caused by interspecific hybridization. The pairing of a chromosome from the tertiary gene pool with a wheat homoeologue is restricted by the activity of the wheat Ph1 gene, thus, rearrangements caused by chromosome breakage followed by the fusion of the broken arms can be expected. We analyzed chromosome aberrations in 4 sets of lines that originated from double monosomics of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) chromosome 7H and wheat group-7 chromosomes with dicentric or ring chromosomes. The dynamics of wheat-barley dicentric chromosomes during plant development was followed and an increased diversity of rearrangements was observed. Besides the targeted group-7 chromosomes, other wheat chromosomes were involved in rearrangements, as chromosomes broken in the centromeric region fused with other broken chromosomes. In some cells, multi-centric chromosomes were observed. The structure and dosage of the introgressed barley chromatin was changed. The transmission of the rearrangements to the progenies was analyzed. The observed aberrations emphasize the importance of cytogenetic screening in gene introgression projects.

Identification of an RFLP interval containing Pch2 on chromosome 7AL in wheat

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. de la Peña ◽  
Timothy D. Murray ◽  
Stephen S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Eyespot Disease ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
Double Recombination ◽  
Recombinant Substitution Line ◽  
Selection Of

The gene Pch2 in 'Cappelle Desprez' is one of two genes found in hexaploid wheat known to confer resistance to eyespot disease. This study was conducted to develop an RFLP linkage map of the distal portion of wheat chromosome 7AL, and to locate and identify markers closely associated with Pch2 for use in marker-assisted selection. Ten loci in addition to Pch2 were mapped on chromosome 7AL, using segregation data from 102 homozygous chromosome 7A recombinant substitution lines derived from 'Chinese Spring' × 'Chinese Spring' ('Cappelle Desprez' 7A). The Pch2 locus was bracketed by two RFLP markers, one 11.0 cM distal to Xcdo347 and the other 18.8 cM proximal to Xwg380. The position of Pch2 on chromosome 7AL is similar to that of Pch1 on chromosome 7DL, suggesting that these resistance genes are homoeoloci. Although no single marker was closely linked to Pch2, simultaneous selection of the flanking RFLP markers Xcdo347 and Xwg380 could be used for selecting Pch2, since double recombination occurred in only 3% of the recombinant population. The use of the flanking RFLP markers to select for Pch2, in combination with previously identified Pch1-linked markers, would facilitate the development of cultivars carrying two genes for resistance to eyespot.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, recombinant substitution line.

scholarly journals Association Study of Resistance to Soilborne wheat mosaic virus in U.S. Winter Wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 1322-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadong Zhang ◽  
Guihua Bai ◽  
Robert M. Hunger ◽  
William W. Bockus ◽  
Jianming Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Group ◽  
Disease Rating ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) is one of the most important winter wheat pathogens worldwide. To identify genes for resistance to the virus in U.S. winter wheat, association study was conducted using a selected panel of 205 elite experimental lines and cultivars from U.S. hard and soft winter wheat breeding programs. Virus symptoms were evaluated twice in virus-infected fields for the panel at Manhattan, KS in spring 2010 and 2011 and for a subpanel of 137 hard winter wheat accessions at Stillwater, OK in spring 2008. At the two locations, 69.8 and 79.5% of cultivars were resistant or moderately resistant to the disease, respectively. After 282 simple-sequence repeat markers covering all wheat chromosome arms were scanned for association in the panel, marker Xgwm469 on the long arm of chromosome 5D (5DL) showed a significant association with the disease rating. Three alleles (Xgwm469-165bp, -167bp, and -169bp) were associated with resistance and the null allele was associated with susceptibility. Correlations between the marker and the disease rating were highly significant (0.80 in Manhattan at P < 0.0001 and 0.63 in Stillwater at P < 0.0001). The alleles Xgwm469-165bp and Xgwm469-169bp were present mainly in the hard winter wheat group, whereas allele Xgwm469-167bp was predominant in the soft winter wheat. The 169 bp allele can be traced back to ‘Newton’, and the 165 bp allele to Aegilops tauschii. In addition, a novel locus on the short arm of chromosome 4D (4DS) was also identified to associate with the disease rating. Marker Xgwm469-5DL is closely linked to SBWMV resistance and highly polymorphic across the winter wheat accessions sampled in the study and, thus, should be useful in marker-assisted selection in U.S. winter wheat.

scholarly journals Albinism in F1 Hybrids Hinders Geneflow Between Cultivated Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and the Tertiary Gene Pool Species, Cicer Pinnatifidum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivali Sharma ◽  
Shivaji Ajinath Lavale ◽  
Benjamin Kilian
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Albino Phenotype ◽  
Tertiary Gene Pool ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

Abstract Wild Cicer species, especially those in the tertiary gene pool, carry useful alleles for chickpea improvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the crossability and geneflow between three chickpea cultivars (as female parents) and four cross-incompatible Cicer pinnatifidum accessions (as pollen parents) from the tertiary gene pool. Ten crosses were conducted. One fully developed healthy F1 seed was harvested in vivo from the ICC 4958 × ICC 17269 cross, but the seedling developed an albino phenotype at 4–5 days after germination. Unlike other crosses, those involving the cultivar ICCV 96030 generated a large number of pods with comparatively large ovules. One albino plantlet was obtained from the ICCV 96030 × ICC 17269 cross by embryo rescue. Crosses involving ICCV 10 resulted in flower drop and poor pod set. These variable genotype-specific responses of pod, ovule, and seed development indicate that genetic factors affect the formation of interspecific hybrids. Although pod and seed formation in these interspecific crosses can be improved, geneflow between these materials is hindered by a strong genetic factor conferring albinism in the F1 hybrids.

Increased micronutrient content (Zn, Mn) in the 3Mb(4B) wheat –Aegilops biuncialissubstitution and 3Mb.4BS translocation identified by GISH and FISH

Genome ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Farkas ◽  
István Molnár ◽  
Sándor Dulai ◽  
Sándor Rapi ◽  
Vince Oldal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Centric Fusion ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Mutant Genotype ◽  
Gish And Fish

3MbTriticum aestivum L. (Mv9kr1) – Aegilops biuncialis Vis. (MvGB642) addition lines were crossed with the Chinese Spring ph1b mutant genotype (CSph1b) to produce 3Mb–wheat chromosome rearrangements. In the F3generation, 3Mb(4B) substitution lines and 3Mb.4BS centric fusions were identified with in situ hybridization using repetitive and genomic DNA probes, and with SSR markers. Grain micronutrient analysis showed that the investigated Ae. biuncialis accession MvGB382 and the parental line MvGB642 are suitable gene sources for improving the grain micronutrient content of wheat, as they have higher K, Zn, Fe, and Mn contents. The results suggested that the Ae. biuncialis chromosome 3Mbcarries genes determining the grain micronutrient content, as the 3Mb.4BS centric fusion had significantly higher Zn and Mn contents compared with the recipient wheat cultivar. As yield-related traits, such as the number of tillers, the length of main spike, and spikelets per main spike, were similar in the 3Mb.4BS centric fusion and the parental wheat genotype, it can be concluded that this line could be used in pre-breeding programs aimed at enriching elite wheat cultivars with essential micronutrients.

Distribution of downy mildew (Bremia lactucaeRegel) resistances in a genebank collection of lettuce and its wild relatives

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van Treuren ◽  
A. J. M. van der Arend ◽  
J. W. Schut
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Related Wild Species ◽  
Overall Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Gene Pool ◽  
Genebank Collection

Genebanks serve as a rich source of diversity that can be exploited for crop improvement. However, large numbers of accessions usually have to be evaluated to find material with the characters of interest, and therefore, enhanced trait information can facilitate the more efficient selection of accessions by users. In this study, we report on the distribution of resistances to 28 races of downy mildew among 1223 genebank accessions of cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativaL.) and 14 related wild species. Due to modern plant breeding, the overall level of resistance of cultivars released after 1950 appears to have increased two- to three-fold compared with varieties from earlier periods. Although fully resistant reactions could be observed among the accessions of cultivated lettuce for each of the 28 investigated races, the resistance probability was more than two-fold higher on average for accessions from the wild gene pool. In general, species of the primary gene pool appeared less resistant than those of the secondary or tertiary gene pool. Probabilities for examinedLactucaspecies ranged from 0.29 forL. serriolato 1.00 forL. perenniscompared with 0.19 for cultivated lettuce, with lower overall resistance probabilities observed only forL. altaica,L. dregeanaandL. tenerrima. ForL. serriola, the closest relative of cultivated lettuce and the wild species with the highest number of examined accessions, resistance probabilities to each of the investigated downy mildew races were relatively high for populations originating from Eastern Europe and Northern Asia.

Chromosomal location of adenylate kinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase structural loci in wheat, barley, and Lophopyrum elongatum

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Mei Sun ◽  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Kinase ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Barley Chromosome ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lophopyrum Elongatum ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate

The chromosome locations of loci encoding isozymes of adenylate kinase, EC 2.7.4.3 (ADK), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.44 (PGD), and glutamate–pyruvate transaminase, EC 2.6.1.2 (GPT) were investigated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) Löve, and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Loci encoding ADK-1 are on homoeologous chromosome arms 7AL, 7BL, and 7DL in wheat, chromosome arm 7Eβ in L. elongatum, and chromosome arm 7HS in barley. The loci are designated Adk-A1, Adk-B1, Adk-D1, Adk-E1, and Adk-H1, respectively. The Adk-D1 locus is proximal in the linkage group of chromosome arm 7DL and is 24 cM from proximal locus Rc3 on the chromosome arm 7DS. A second locus, Adk-2, is on chromosome arm 6HL in barley. Locus Pgd-E2 in L. elongatum is on the long arm of chromosome 1E. This assignment agrees with the location of the barley Pgd-2 locus on the long arm of barley chromosome 1H. An attempt to assign loci encoding PGD-2 to wheat chromosomes was unsuccessful, presumably owing to gene triplication. Isozyme GPT-1 is encoded by structural genes on L. elongatum chromosome arm 1ES and tentatively on wheat chromosome arms 1AS, 1BS, and 1DS. The loci are designated Gpt-A1, Gpt-B1, Gpt-D1, and Gpt-E1, respectively. Circumstantial evidence suggests that GPT-1 is also encoded by barley chromosome 1H.Key words: Triticum, Agropyron, Hordeum, linkage.

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