scholarly journals Vitamin D: Classic and Novel Actions

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Gil ◽  
Julio Plaza-Diaz ◽  
María Dolores Mesa
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

Background: Classically, vitamin D has been implicated in bone health by promoting calcium absorption in the gut and maintenance of serum calcium and phosphate concentrations, as well as by its action on bone growth and reorganization through the action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts cells. However, in the last 2 decades, novel actions of vitamin D have been discovered. The present report summarizes both classic and novel actions of vitamin D. Summary: 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D, the active metabolite of vitamin D, also known as calcitriol, regulates not only calcium and phosphate homeostasis but also cell proliferation and differentiation, and has a key a role to play in the responses of the immune and nervous systems. Current effects of vitamin D include xenobiotic detoxification, oxidative stress reduction, neuroprotective functions, antimicrobial defense, immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory/anticancer actions, and cardiovascular benefits. The mechanism of action of calcitriol is mediated by the vitamin D receptor, a subfamily of nuclear receptors that act as transcription factors into the target cells after forming a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor. This kind of receptors has been found in virtually all cell types, which may explain its multiple actions on different tissues. Key Messages: In addition to classic actions related to mineral homeostasis, vitamin D has novel actions in cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of the innate and adaptative immune systems, preventive effects on cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and even antiaging effects.

scholarly journals Costimulation by B7 Modulates Specificity of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes: A Missing Link That Explains Some Bystander T Cell Activation

1997 ◽  
Vol 186 (10) ◽  
pp. 1787-1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Zheng ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

It has been proposed that some bystander T cell activation may in fact be due to T cell antigen receptor (TCR) cross-reactivity that is too low to be detected by the effector cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). However, this hypothesis is not supported by direct evidence since no TCR ligand is known to induce T cell proliferation and differentiation without being recognized by the effector CTL. Here we report that transgenic T cells expressing a T cell receptor to influenza virus A/NT/68 nucleoprotein (NP) 366-374:Db complexes clonally expand and become effector CTLs in response to homologous peptides from either A/PR8/34 (H1N1), A/AA/60 (H2N2), or A/NT/68 (H3N2). However, the effector T cells induced by each of the three peptides kill target cells pulsed with NP peptides from the H3N2 and H2N2 viruses, but not from the H1N1 virus. Thus, NP366–374 from influenza virus H1N1 is the first TCR ligand that can induce T cell proliferation and differentiation without being recognized by CTLs. Since induction of T cell proliferation was mediated by antigen-presenting cells that express costimulatory molecules such as B7, we investigated if cytolysis of H1N1 NP peptide–pulsed targets can be restored by expressing B7-1 on the target cells. Our results revealed that this is the case. These data demonstrated that costimulatory molecule B7 modulates antigen specificity of CTLs, and provides a missing link that explains some of the bystander T cell activation.

scholarly journals The Pleiotropic Effect of Vitamin D

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsien Lai ◽  
Te-Chao Fang
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Pleiotropic Functions

The novel roles of vitamin D were discovered and valued in this century. In addition to the maintenance of calcium and phosphorus balance, vitamin D regulates the function of the kidneys, heart, and immune system. Moreover, its anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antifibrotic roles have gained considerable attention. Vitamin D is also important for the maintenance of homeostasis by regulation of hormone secretion, cell proliferation, and differentiation. This paper will review these pleiotropic functions of vitamin D.

scholarly journals Effect of Biofield Energy Treatment on Bone Cell Proliferation and Differentiation for the Assessment of its Potential to Improve Bone Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Snehasis Jana
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Cell Group ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Energy Healing ◽  
Bone Cell Proliferation

The bone health is an important part of healthy - life and longevity in general. The present study was investigated to see the effect of the Biofield Energy Healing ( The Trivedi Effect ® ) on the human bone osteosarcoma cells - MG - 63 (ATCC ® CRL - 1427™) for the assessment of bone cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro . The study parameters were assessed using cell viability by MTT, collagen synthesis, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) on bone health using ELISA - based assay. The cel l viability assay data showed significant response in all the tested groups; while in the Biofield Energy Treated group supplemented with 10% charcoal - dextran treated fetal bovine serum ( CD - FBS) (G3) showed better response (increased 63%) in terms of cells proliferation compared to the untreated cell group (G1). The level of ALP was increased by 32% in the G3 group compared to the untreated cells group (G1). Additionally, the level of collagen synthesis was increased by 27% in the G3 group compared to the G 1 group. The overall results demonstrated that the Biofield Energy Treatment has the potential for bone mineralization and bone growth as evident via increased levels of collagen and ALP. Therefore, the Biofield Energy Healing ( The Trivedi Effect ® ) Treatme nt might be useful as a bone health promoter for various bone - related disorders like low bone density, osteogenesis imperfecta, and osteoporosis.

Sự thiếu vitamin D ảnh hưởng sức khỏe và một số bệnh tật

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trọng Nghĩa Nguyễn
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Xenobiotic Detoxification ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
The Us

Vitamin D deficiency are increasing at a global level, and they are associated with increased risk of various diseases. In Vietnam, the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency ranged from 20% to 46%, up to 81.6% in the population in South Asia, 69.5% in the US and 86.4% in European countries. Vitamin D is one of the essential nutrients to sustain the human health. As a member of the steroid hormone family, it has a classic role in regulating metabolism of calcium and a non-classic role in affecting cell proliferation and differentiation. With the finding of the vitamin D receptor in nearly every tissues and the more recent discovery of thousands of VDR binding sites throughout the genome controlling hundreds of genes, the interest in vitamin D and its impact on multiple biologic. Therefore, vitamin D has many effects include xenobiotic detoxification, oxidative stress reduction, neuroprotective functions, antimicrobial defense, immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory, anticancer actions, and cardiovascular benefits. Thus, Vitamin D deficiency is closely associated with common chronic diseases such as bone metabolic disorders, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Key words: Vitamin D deficiency, health, diseases.

Icariin Stimulates hFOB 1.19 Osteoblast Proliferation and Differentiation via OPG/RANKL Mediated by the Estrogen Receptor

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Jun Sun ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
Xiang-hao Wen ◽  
Lu Guo ◽  
Zi-Fen Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Human Osteoblast ◽  
Osteoblast Cells ◽  
Expression Ratio ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression

Background:: Icariin (ICA), one of the main effective components isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Epimedium brevicornu Maxim., has been reported to possess extensive pharmacological actions, including enhanced sexual function, immune regulation, anti-inflammation, and antiosteoporosis. Methods:: Our study was designed to investigate the effect of ICA on cell proliferation and differentiation and the molecular mechanism of OPG/RANKL mediated by the Estrogen Receptor (ER) in hFOB1.19 human osteoblast cells. Results:: The experimental results show that ICA can stimulate cell proliferation and increase the activity of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Osteocalcin (BGP) and I Collagen (Col I) and a number of calcified nodules. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression of OPG and RANKL and the OPG/ RANKL mRNA and protein expression ratios were upregulated by ICA. The above-mentioned results indicated that the optimal concentration of ICA for stimulating osteogenesis was 50ng/mL. Subsequent mechanistic studies comparing 50ng/mL ICA with an estrogen receptor antagonist demonstrated that the effect of the upregulated expression is connected with the estrogen receptor. In conclusion, ICA can regulate bone formation by promoting cell proliferation and differentiation and upregulating the OPG/RANKL expression ratio by the ER in hFOB1.19 human osteoblast cells.

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