scholarly journals Imaging Care Requirements: Use of Functional Neuroimaging to Predict Dementia Caregiver Burden

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-189
Author(s):  
Angus M.J. Prosser ◽  
John H. Spreadbury ◽  
Livia Tossici-Bolt ◽  
Christopher M. Kipps
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Dementia caregivers frequently report high stress, with increased burden associated with worse outcomes for both patients and caregivers. Although many studies relate clinical phenotypes to burden, the relationship between imaging pathology and burden, irrespective of diagnosis, is unknown. This study investigated the relationship between caregiver burden and patient regional cerebral blood flow in dementia. Methods: Seventy-sev en patients with cognitive impairment undergoing brain perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography imaging in normal clinical care and their caregivers were recruited. Caregiver burden was ranked from “little” to “severe” using the Zarit Burden Interview and perfusion values extracted from the patient images for predefined regions of interest. The associations between burden score and regional function on imaging were tested. Results: Burden score was significantly higher for caregivers of patients with abnormal perfusion compared to those with normal perfusion in the left and right frontal, right parietal, and right temporal lobes. No difference in burden was found in the left parietal or temporal groups. Correlations showed that a higher caregiver burden was associated with lower patient perfusion scores in the same regions. Conclusion: Caregiver burden is strongly related to the extent of frontal or right-predominant parietal or temporal lobe dysfunction. Regional abnormality on perfusion imaging can be used to facilitate identification of individuals who are likely to create a high burden on caregivers.

Uptake of 99mTc-exametazime shown by single photon emission computed tomography before and after lithium withdrawal in bipolar patients: Associations with mania

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy M. Goodwin ◽  
Jonathan T. O. Cavanagh ◽  
M. F. Glabus ◽  
R. F. Kehoe ◽  
R. E. O'Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lithium Withdrawal

BackgroundEarly manic relapse following lithium discontinuation offers an important opportunity to investigate the relationship between symptoms, effects of treatment and regional brain activation in bipolar affective disorder.MethodFourteen stable bipolar patients on lithium were examined with neuropsychological measures, clinical ratings and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before and after acute double-blind withdrawal of lithium. Brain perfusion maps were spatially transformed into standard stereotactic space and compared pixel-by-pixel. A parametric analysis was used to examine the change in brain perfusion on lithium withdrawal, and the relationship between symptom severity and brain perfusion separately both between and within subjects.ResultsLithium withdrawal was associated with an important redistribution of brain perfusion, with increases in inferior posterior regions and decreases in limbic areas, particularly anterior cingulate cortex. Seven of the 14 patients developed manic symptoms during the placebo phase, correlating with relative increases in perfusion of superior anterior cingulate and possibly left orbito-frontal cortex.ConclusionsThe important effect of lithium withdrawal on brain perfusion implies that after withdrawal of lithium, the brain develops an abnormal state of activity in limbic cortex. The structures involved did not co-localise with those apparently modulated by manic symptoms.

Neuroimaging and the Origin of Psychiatric Symptoms in Dementia

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (S3) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Sultzer
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Single Photon Emission Computed ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Neuroimaging studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging reveal brain structure and aid in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with cognitive impairment. Functional neuroimaging studies use positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and other methods to measure regional cerebral activity, including metabolic rate, blood flow, and neuroreceptor density. Functional neuroimaging results can be useful clinically and have also been used in a variety of research applications to examine physiologic variables in neuropsychiatric illnesses.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease. Part 1. The Potential of Functional Neuroimaging

Doctor Ru ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
M.R. Sapronova ◽  
◽  
D.V. Dmitrenko ◽  
N.A. Schnaider ◽  
A.A. Molgachev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Transcranial Sonography ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Objective of the Review: To describe available functional neuroimaging techniques for use in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Key Points: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which affects 2-3% of people older than 65 years. The main neuropathological hallmarks of PD are an accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates in the cellular cytoplasm and a loss of neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra, leading to dopamine deficiency. Clinical symptoms of the disease appear when the underlying neural impairment is already advanced, which significantly reduces treatment options. Over the two last decades, functional neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and transcranial sonography have increasingly been used for diagnosing PD during patients’ lifetime and understanding the neuropathological mechanisms and compensatory reactions underlying its symptoms, as well as for monitoring the progression of PD. Conclusion: Modern functional neuroimaging techniques not only facilitate differential diagnosis of PD, but also make it possible to detect the disease at its early/preclinical stage. Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, neuroimaging, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, transcranial sonography.

Functional Neuroimaging: A Transformative Tool for Integrative Psychiatry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abass Alavi ◽  
Andrew B. Newberg
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Spect Imaging ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Integrative Psychiatry ◽  
Integrative Therapies

Functional neuroimaging with positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be highly useful in the evaluation and management of patients with psychiatric disorders. PET and SPECT imaging typically evaluate cerebral metabolism and blood flow, respectively, and can determine patterns associated with different disorders such as depression or schizophrenia. PET and SPECT imaging can also evaluate neurotransmitter changes such as dopamine or serotonin associated with different psychiatric disorders. fMRI is an excellent tool for studying the effects of psychiatric disorders on specific brain processes related to cognition and mood. fMRI activations studies allow researchers to present various stimuli to a subject in order to determine how the brain reacts and whether psychiatric disorders are associated with different brain reactivity patterns. Functional neuroimaging with PET, SPECT, and fMRI can be highly useful in the investigation of the mechanism of action of integrative therapies for psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Development of a SPECT Protocol in a Canadian Epilepsy Unit

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Burneo ◽  
W. Vezina ◽  
J. Romsa ◽  
B. J. Smith ◽  
R. S. McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Presurgical Evaluation ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Intracranial Electrodes ◽  
Seizure Localization

Background:Functional neuroimaging can address some challenges of seizure localization, and sometimes preclude the need for EEG recording using intracranial electrodes. Ictal Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) has developed into an important tool in the presurgical evaluation of patients with medically-intractable localization-related epilepsy. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the development of a programme using trained nurses to perform ictal injections enabled a more efficient delivery of radiopharmaceuticals and therefore a greater sensitivity and specificity of outcome.Methods:In our epilepsy unit, nursing staff inject 99mTc-HMPAO at bedside, during or at seizure onset. Brain SPECT is performed later on a gamma camera.Results:Since the implementation of the new protocol (February 2005), 57 scans have been performed: 22 ictal and 35 interictal. Latency of ictal injection was found to be 5-40 seconds (mean 19.7 sec, standard deviation (SD) 10.4). Only 20% of reconstituted radiopharmaceutical vials were not used. Contamination rate was nil. Sixty three percent of SPECT studies were concordant with standard presurgical evaluation.Conclusion:The latency of injections and the percentage of unused vials indicated an efficient and effective protocol compared to the literature. Our results show that ictal SPECT can be a safe, noninvasive procedure performed on a routine basis in the epilepsy unit when appropriately trained support staff are incorporated into a structured multidisciplinary programme.

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