scholarly journals Eighteen Month Interval Growth of Terminal Ileal Primary Adenocarcinoma: A Consideration for Current Screening Guidelines

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-785
Author(s):  
Matthew Nazari ◽  
Alice Lee ◽  
Jared Rosenblum ◽  
Tilak Baba ◽  
Samuel Kallus
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Initial Evaluation ◽  
Primary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Current Screening

Primary adenocarcinoma of the small intestine comprises one of the rarest gastrointestinal malignancies. Further, the terminal ileum is very seldom implicated. This entity occurs sporadically and evades traditional colonoscopic evaluation in which the terminal ileum is not visualized. Herein, a case of interval development of primary terminal ileal adenocarcinoma over a 2-year period is reported as followed by direct endoscopic and colonoscopic visualization. This case demonstrates cecal involvement not found on initial evaluation without the provision of terminal ileum intubation. Relevant guidelines regarding the evaluation of the terminal ileum in routine colonoscopy are reviewed.

Surgery: Small Intestine Terminal Ileum—Resection

2015 ◽  
pp. 147-165
Author(s):  
S. K. Sharma ◽  
J. W. Milsom
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum

scholarly journals The effect of drying and ensiling grass on its digestion in sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Beever ◽  
D. J. Thomson ◽  
E. Pfeffer ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Proximal Duodenum ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

1. The effect of drying and ensiling ryegrass on the site of digestion of the energy andcarbohydrate fractions was studied in sheep fitted with rumen cannulas and re-entrant can-nulas in the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum.2. The sheep were given fresh (frozen) grass, dried grass, wilted and unwilted silage pre-pared from herbage harvested from the same sward. The grass diets were offered twice dailyto each animal and paper impregnated with chromium sesquioxide was administered twicedaily into the rumen. Twenty-four hour collections of duodenal and ileal digesta, adjusted togive 100 yo recovery of Cr2O3, were analysed to determine the extent of digestion in the fore-stomachs, the small intestine and the caecum and colon.3. Total digestibility of the gross energy was similar for the fresh grass, dried grass andwilted silage diets (67·4,68·1 and67·5 %)but higher for the unwilted silage (72·0 %, P < 0·01).There was an increased flow of energy into the small intestine when the sheep were given driedgrass and unwilted silage. The proportion of the apparently digested energy lost within thesmall intestine was greater when the dried grass was given (302 yo) than when the fresh grasswas given (23·6 yo).4. Drying or ensiling of wilted material affected digestion neither in the entire alimentarytract nor in the different sections of the tract, of some carbohydrate fractions. About 97 yo ofthe digested water-soluble carbohydrate, over 90 yo of the digested cellulose and over 70 yo ofthe digested hemicellulose were digested before reaching the small intestine. The increasedamount of energy entering the duodenum of the sheep given the dried grass was notaccounted for by changes in the fate of these carbohydrate fractions in the digestive tract. Withunwilted silage, digestibilities of the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions were higher, andlower proportions of the digested carbohydrates were lost before the small intestine.

Factors influencing long-term survival in 100 cases of small intestine primary adenocarcinoma

1997 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Veyrières ◽  
Patrice Baillet ◽  
Jean Marie Hay ◽  
Abe Fingerhut ◽  
Jean Luc Bouillot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Primary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Amylase quantification in the terminal Ileum following formation of an Ileostomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Clark ◽  
T. Cuda ◽  
C. Pretorius ◽  
A. Edmundson ◽  
M. Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Pancreatic Surgery ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Validation Cohort ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Testing Methodology

Abstract Amylase is elevated in the foregut and has been used to confirm anastomotic integrity after pancreatic surgery. The physiological activity of pancreatic enzymes in the ileum has been studied in healthy volunteers but not quantitated with the simple and readily available amylase measurements employed with serum tests. We aim to quantitate the levels of amylase in the terminal ileum. This was a prospective, non-randomised, non-blinded, consecutive cohort study conducted at the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital. Consecutive patients undergoing routine surgery with an ileostomy were invited to participate in the study. Ileostomy effluent was collected and analysed daily for the first 5 post-operative days. This validation cohort included 8 males and 3 females, with a mean age of 49 years. Median daily amylase levels ranged from 4470 U/L to 23,000 U/L, with no specimens falling within the laboratory serum reference range of 40 to 130 U/L. Two specimens were not available on day one post-operative due to complete ileus. The sample size of 11 patients is small but was considered sufficient given that 55 effluent specimens were anticipated for analysis. Amylase levels remain highly elevated as the enzyme transits through the length of the small intestine and measured in the terminal ileum, and can be readily quantitated by the existing testing methodology routinely available.

8.3 The Digestion of a Wilted Silage made with and without an Additive

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 162-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Overend ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Jersey Cattle ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment

It has been shown by Beever, Thomson, Cammell and Harrison (1977) that formaldehyde treatment of silage increased amino acid absorption from the small intestine of sheep by 13% and increased the amount of food protein passing through the rumen undegraded by 66% compared to sheep receiving untreated silage. This paper details the digestion of N and apparent uptake of N, non-ammonia N and amino acid N from the small intestine of Jersey cattle fed a silage made from a second growth, mixed S24 perennial ryegrass/red clover sward which was wilted for 24h and then ensiled either without an additive or with a 50/50 mixture of formic acid and formaldehyde (formalin), each at the rate of 2.2 litres/tonne of grass ensiled. The method of ensiling was by use of an Eberhardt Silopresse (Benedict Agricultural Ltd., London). Each of the three cows fed each diet was equipped with a rumen fistula and re-entrant cannulae into the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum.

scholarly journals Nutritional availability of amino acids from protein cross-linked to protect against degradation in the rumen

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Ashes ◽  
Jim L. Mangan ◽  
Gurcharn S. Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molar Basis ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Total Milk

1. Casein was labelled with pairs of radioactive amino acids, lysine, tyrosine and leucine, one with I4C and the other with 3H, by jugular infusion into lactating goats followed by isolation of the double-labelled casein from the milk. Total milk protein was similarly labelled by jugular infusion of [35S]cystine. U-14C-labelled fraction- 1 leaf protein was isolated from lucerne (Medicago sativa) grown in an atmosphere of 14C022. The proteins were treated withdifferent levels(333 and667 mmol/kgprotein) offormaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and glyoxal.3. Absorption from the small intestine was measured in sheep with fistulas in the abomasum and terminal ileum, using Cr-EDTA as the digesta flow marker, by introducing radioactive casein into the abomasum.4. Lysine, tyrosine and cystine became increasingly unavailable for absorption from the small intestine of sheep with increasing levels of aldehyde. At the lower level (333 mmol/kg) the proportions of the amino acids that were unavailable were 0.192, 0.051 and 0.123 respectively. At the higher level of formaldehyde (667 mmol/kg) the corresponding values were 0.335, 0.201 and 0.432 respectively. Leucine was not made unavailable with formaldehyde.5. The proportions of lysine, tyrosine and leucine that were unavailable were higher, on a molar basis, after treatment of the proteins with the dialdehydes glutaraldehyde and glyoxal than after treatment with formaldehyde. However, the extent of protein protection provided by the dialdehydes in the rumen, measured using an in vitro procedure, was lower.

Nutritional evaluation of wheat. 5. Disappearance of components in digesta of pigs prepared with two re-entrant cannulae

1976 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivan ◽  
D. J. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Protein ◽  
Hard Wheat ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Complete Digestion ◽  
Matter Energy

SUMMARY1. Three pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulae in the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum were used to study flow rate of nitrogen, and digestion and absorption of dry matter, nitrogen, gross energy and starch. The pigs were given a semi-purified diet, a hard wheat diet and a soft wheat diet. These were approximately isonitrogenous.2. Nitrogen content of insoluble dry matter of duodenal digesta was much higher on the semi-purified diet than on the wheat-based diets.3. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, energy and nitrogen in the small intestine were in the order semi-purified diet > hard wheat > soft wheat although differences were not statistically significant. Similar results were obtained for total digestibility of these components.4. Absorption of most amino acids from the small intestine was higher for casein in the semi-purified diet than for wheat protein. Significantly more lysine, arginine, isoleucine and tyrosine were absorbed from hard than from soft wheat.5. With all diets there was almost complete digestion of starch in the small intestine.6. There was little digestion of nutrients in the large intestine, and thus digestibilities calculated from faecal analyses showed similar trends to those calculated from analyses of digesta from the terminal ileum. Most values compared favourably with those reported elsewhere for digestibilities of amino acids in wheat.7. It was concluded that casein was superior to the wheat proteins but that protein of hard wheat was of better quality than that of soft wheat when evaluated by ileal recovery of animo acids, due largely to a greater absorption of lysine.

Studies on digestion and absorption in the intestines of growing pigs

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
High Cellulose ◽  
Immediate Response

1. Seven pigs of 30 kg initial live weight were fitted with re-entrant cannulas in the terminal ileum. Each was fed, in succession, four purified diets having cellulose and sodium levels (g/kg) of 30 and 2.7, 30 and 0.9, 90 and 2.7 or 90 and 0.9, respectively. Collections of digesta (24 h) and 3 or 4 d collections of faeces were made.2. There was a greater throughput of ileal digesta with the high-cellulose diets than with the low-cellulose diets, mainly due to increased water content, and there was a concomitant reduction in the net absorption of Na from the small intestine. The immediate response to reduced Na intake was increased secretion of Na into the gut lumen anterior to the terminal ileum; this was more pronounced with the high-cellulose diet. Na concentrations in ileal digesta were very similar for all four diets.3. The apparent absorptions of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and zinc were reduced by the high-cellulose diets. In each instance this was due to reduced absorption posterior to the terminal ileum.

When to Stop Screening: A Review of Breast, Gynecologic, and Colorectal Cancer Screening in Women Over Age 65

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Bernstein ◽  
Daniel Dejoseph ◽  
Edward M. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Cancer Society ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Current Screening

Because age alone is not an indicator of health, there is no clear consensus among the various cancer screening guidelines on when to stop cancer screening. For breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, there are recommended screening tests, while, for other gynecologic cancers, there are not. When discussing with older women patients when to stop cancer screening, we encourage practitioners to review the goals of the screening test, assess the health and functional status of the patient, and discuss her values and health goals. To facilitate this discussion, we review proposed frameworks for determining when to screen older patients for cancer. We also review the concepts of “well” and “frail” older adults. Finally, we review the current screening recommendations for breast, gynecological, and colorectal cancers, and the reasoning behind them, from the United States Preventative Screening Task Force, the American Cancer Society, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the American Geriatric Society.

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