scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism: What Relationship

2017 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Mithieux
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

A large number of genomic studies have reported associations between the gut microbiota composition and metabolic diseases such as obesity or type 2 diabetes. This led to the widespread idea that a causal relationship could exist between intestinal microbiota and metabolic diseases. At odds with this idea, some compelling studies reported that global changes in microbiota composition have no effect on the host metabolism in obese mice or humans. However, specific bacteria are able to confer host metabolic benefits, such as Akkermansia muciniphila or Prevotella copri, when they are given by gavage in obese mice. A crucial link by which gut bacteria communicate with the host mucosa is based on metabolites or low-molecular-weight compounds. Among them, short-chain fatty acids produced from the fermentation of dietary fibers initiate beneficial effects on the host metabolism via the activation of intestinal gluconeogenesis (a mucosal function exerting antidiabetic and antiobesity effects through the activation of gut-brain neural circuits). However, fermentation of short-chain fatty acids is a function that is widespread among the main bacterial phyla and thus weakly depends on microbiota composition. Therefore, even if some bacteria may confer on the host metabolic benefits, the causal role of microbiota in metabolic diseases is not established.

scholarly journals The relationship between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the possible role of dietary fibre

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Salamone ◽  
Angela Albarosa Rivellese ◽  
Claudia Vetrani
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractGut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to influence multiple physiological mechanisms related to human health. Among microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are modulators of different metabolic pathways. On the other hand, several studies suggested that diet might influence gut microbiota composition and activity thus modulating the risk of metabolic disease, i.e. obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Among dietary component, dietary fibre may play a pivotal role by virtue of its prebiotic effect on fibre-fermenting bacteria, that may increase SCFA production. The aim of this review was to summarize and discuss current knowledge on the impact of dietary fibre as modulator of the relationship between glucose metabolism and microbiota composition in humans. More specifically, we analysed evidence from observational studies and randomized nutritional intervention investigating the relationship between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and glucose metabolism. The possible mechanisms behind this association were also discussed.

scholarly journals MP33-09 GUT MICROBIOTA-DERIVED SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS PROMOTE PROSTATE CANCER GROWTH VIA IGF-1 SIGNALING IN OBESE MICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 206 (Supplement 3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Matsushita ◽  
Kazutoshi Fujita ◽  
Takuji Hayashi ◽  
Hisako Kayama ◽  
Daisuke Motooka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Cancer Growth ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolic Regulation—Current Status in Human Randomized Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari C. W. Myhrstad ◽  
Hege Tunsjø ◽  
Colin Charnock ◽  
Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

New knowledge about the gut microbiota and its interaction with the host’s metabolic regulation has emerged during the last few decades. Several factors may affect the composition of the gut microbiota, including dietary fiber. Dietary fiber is not hydrolyzed by human digestive enzymes, but it is acted upon by gut microbes, and metabolites like short-chain fatty acids are produced. The short-chain fatty acids may be absorbed into the circulation and affect metabolic regulation in the host or be a substrate for other microbes. Some studies have shown improved insulin sensitivity, weight regulation, and reduced inflammation with increases in gut-derived short-chain fatty acids, all of which may reduce the risk of developing metabolic diseases. To what extent a dietary intervention with fiber may affect the human gut microbiota and hence metabolic regulation, is however, currently not well described. The aim of the present review is to summarize recent research on human randomized, controlled intervention studies investigating the effect of dietary fiber on gut microbiota and metabolic regulation. Metabolic regulation is discussed with respect to markers relating to glycemic regulation and lipid metabolism. Taken together, the papers on which the current review is based, suggest that dietary fiber has the potential to change the gut microbiota and alter metabolic regulation. However, due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a firm conclusion describing the causal relationship between gut microbiota and metabolic regulation remains elusive.

scholarly journals Prebiotic Dietary Fibers for Weight Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceren Gezer ◽  
Gözde Okburan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Energy Scavenging ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

While all prebiotics are accepted as dietary fibers, not all dietary fibers are accepted as prebiotics. Fructo-oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides are significant prebiotic dietary fibers related with the regulation of weight management. They, selectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacillus, thus help to modulate gut microbiota. Since bifiodobacteria population are responsible for energy scavenging they are playing a vital role in the weight management. In addition, prebiotics fermented to short chain fatty acids by gut microbiota, whose presence in the large intestine is responsible for many of the metabolic effects and prevent metabolic diseases such as obesity. Short chain fatty acids via different mechanisms also stimulate satiety hormones such as GLP-1 and PYY, and shift glucose and lipid metabolism. To conclude, prebiotic dietary fibers beneficially impact the gut microbiota thus can be effective on regulation of weight management. There is a need for further clinical trials to explain more comprehensively the effects of dietary prebiotics on weight management.

scholarly journals Relationships of Gut Microbiota Composition, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Polyamines with the Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9549
Author(s):  
Lidia Sánchez-Alcoholado ◽  
Aurora Laborda-Illanes ◽  
Ana Otero ◽  
Rafael Ordóñez ◽  
Alicia González-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Emerging evidence has suggested that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may influence the drug efficacy of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients during cancer treatment by modulating drug metabolism and the host immune response. Moreover, gut microbiota can produce metabolites that may influence tumor proliferation and therapy responsiveness. In this study we have investigated the potential contribution of the gut microbiota and microbial-derived metabolites such as short chain fatty acids and polyamines to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT) outcome in CRC patients. First, we established a profile for healthy gut microbiota by comparing the microbial diversity and composition between CRC patients and healthy controls. Second, our metagenomic analysis revealed that the gut microbiota composition of CRC patients was relatively stable over treatment time with neoadjuvant RCT. Nevertheless, treated patients who achieved clinical benefits from RTC (responders, R) had significantly higher microbial diversity and richness compared to non-responder patients (NR). Importantly, the fecal microbiota of the R was enriched in butyrate-producing bacteria and had significantly higher levels of acetic, butyric, isobutyric, and hexanoic acids than NR. In addition, NR patients exhibited higher serum levels of spermine and acetyl polyamines (oncometabolites related to CRC) as well as zonulin (gut permeability marker), and their gut microbiota was abundant in pro-inflammatory species. Finally, we identified a baseline consortium of five bacterial species that could potentially predict CRC treatment outcome. Overall, our results suggest that the gut microbiota may have an important role in the response to cancer therapies in CRC patients.

scholarly journals Naturally Acquired Lactic Acid Bacteria from Fermented Cassava Improves Nutrient and Anti-dysbiosis Activity of Soy Tempeh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 1148-1155
Author(s):  
Rio Kusuma ◽  
Jaka Widada ◽  
Emy Huriyati ◽  
Madarina Julia
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Introduction: Gut microbiota dysbiosis indicated by increased gram-negative bacteria and reduced Firmicutes-producing short chain fatty acids bacteria has been linked with impairment in glucose metabolism. Tempeh is traditional fermented soy food that can stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria. In Indonesia, some tempeh was produced by adding acidifier that contains lactic acid bacteria. This process may impact the nutrient and anti-dysbiosis activity of tempeh.   Objectives: To evaluate the impact of acidifier on nutrient and gut microbiota profile of diabetic animal model.  Method: Modified tempeh was made by addition of water extract of fermented cassava. Standard and modified tempeh were subjected to proximate analysis and dietary fibre. Diabetic animals were received standard tempeh or modified tempeh diet replacing 15% and 30% of protein in the diet for 4 weeks of intervention. At the end of experiment, caecal content was collected. Short chain fatty acids and microbiota composition were analysed using 16s rDNA next generation sequencing (NGS). Result: There is significant different (p<0.05) on fat, protein, water and dietary fibre content between regular soy tempeh and modified tempeh. There is significant different (p<0.05) on serum glucose and short chain fatty acid composition among group. Diabetic animal has low ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes. Supplementation of both tempeh increased bacterial diversity, Firmicutes /Bacteroidetes ratio and short chain fatty acids producing bacteria.   Conclusion: Addition of naturally occurred lactic acid bacteria from fermented cassava during tempeh processing improved both nutrient and microbiota composition in the gut of diabetes mellitus.  

scholarly journals Distinct Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Host Energy Balance and Fuel Homeostasis With Focus on Route of Administration and Host Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dehuang Kong ◽  
Lidewij Schipper ◽  
Gertjan van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Accumulating evidence implicates gut-microbiota-derived metabolites as important regulators of host energy balance and fuel homeostasis, the underlying mechanisms are currently subject to intense research. In this review, the most important executors, short chain fatty acids, which both directly and indirectly fulfill the interactions between gut microbiota and host will be discussed. Distinct roles of individual short chain fatty acids and the different effects they exert on host metabolism have long been overlooked, which compromises the process of clarifying the sophisticated crosstalk between gut microbiota and its host. Moreover, recent findings suggest that exogenously administered short chain fatty acids affect host metabolism via different mechanisms depending on the routes they enter the host. Although these exogenous routes are often artificial, they may help to comprehend the roles of the short-chain-fatty-acid mechanisms and signaling sites, that would normally occur after intestinal absorption of short chain fatty acids. Cautions should be addressed of generalizing findings, since different results have appeared in different host species, which may imply a host species-specific response to short chain fatty acids.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document