Presence of Initial Caries Lesions as a Risk Factor for Caries in Preschool Children: A Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata S. Guedes ◽  
Chaiana Piovesan ◽  
Thiago M. Ardenghi ◽  
Bruno Emmanuelli ◽  
Mariana M. Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Initial Caries ◽  
Caries Increment ◽  
Socioeconomic Data ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Initial Lesions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of initial noncavitated caries lesions on cavitated caries increment in preschool children. A 2-year cohort study was designed to include the participants of a survey on dental caries performed in 2010. Preschool children (12-59 months old) were examined for dental caries and classified as children with no caries lesions, with only initial lesions, with at least 1 moderate caries lesion, and with extensive lesions. Socioeconomic data were also collected. After 2 years, 466 children were re-examined (follow-up rate of 72.9%) only for cavitated lesions. Association between caries incidence at 2 levels of severity and caries experience and other variables was evaluated using hierarchical Poisson regression analysis. The children with moderate and extensive caries lesions at baseline presented a higher risk of presenting both outcomes than the children with no caries lesions. Nevertheless, the children with only initial lesions had a higher risk of developing at least 1 new cavitated carious lesion, but not for a more severe increment in caries. Subgroup analysis stratified by the children's age showed that the influence of the presence of initial caries lesions on cavitated caries increment was only observed in children aged 12-35 months. In conclusion, although the presence of moderate and extensive lesions at baseline is a significant predictor for cavitated caries increment after 2 years in preschool children at all ages, the presence of only initial caries lesions is also associated, but with less severe caries incidence.

Mutans Streptococci and Dental Caries: A New Statistical Modeling Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq S. Ghazal ◽  
Steven M. Levy ◽  
Noel K. Childers ◽  
Knute D. Carter ◽  
Daniel J. Caplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Hazard Modeling ◽  
Initial Caries

Survival analyses have been used to overcome some of the limitations encountered with other statistical analyses. Although extended Cox hazard modeling with time-dependent variables has been utilized in several medical studies, it has never been utilized in assessing the complex relationship between mutans streptococci (MS) acquisition (time-dependent covariate) and time to having dental caries (outcome). This study involved secondary analyses of data from a prospective study conducted at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Low socioeconomic status, African-American preschool children from Perry County, AL, USA (n = 95) had dental examinations at age 1 year and annually thereafter until age 6 years by three calibrated dentists. Salivary MS tests were done at ages 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 4 years. The patterns of and relationship between initial MS detection (time-dependent covariate) and dental caries experience occurrence were assessed, using extended Cox hazard modeling. The median time without MS acquisition (50% of the children not having positive MS test) was 2 years. Approximately 79% of the children had positive salivary MS tests by the age of 4 years. The median caries experience survival (50% of the children not having dental caries) was 4 years. During the follow-up period, 65 of the children (68.4%) had their initial primary caries experience. Results of the extended Cox hazard modeling showed a significant overall/global relationship between initial caries experience event at any given time during the follow-up period and having a positive salivary MS test at any time during the follow-up period (hazard ratio = 2.25, 95% CI 1.06-4.75). In conclusion, the extended Cox modeling was used for the first time and its results showed a significant global/overall relationship between MS acquisition and dental caries. Further research using causal mediation analysis with survival data is necessary, where the mediator “presence of MS” is treated as a time-dependent variable.

scholarly journals Caries Increment and Salivary Microbiome during University Life: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Uchida-Fukuhara ◽  
Daisuke Ekuni ◽  
Md Monirul Islam ◽  
Kota Kataoka ◽  
Ayano Taniguchi-Tabata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Caries Increment ◽  
University Life ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this 3-year prospective cohort study was to explore the relationship between an increase in dental caries and oral microbiome among Japanese university students. We analyzed 487 students who volunteered to receive oral examinations and answer baseline (2013) and follow-up (2016) questionnaires. Of these students, salivary samples were randomly collected from 55 students at follow-up and analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Students were divided into two groups: increased group (Δdecayed, missing, and filled teeth (ΔDMFT) score increased during the 3-year period) and non-increased group (ΔDMFT did not increase). Thirteen phyla, 21 classes, 32 orders, 48 families, 72 genera, and 156 species were identified. Microbial diversity in the increased group (n = 14) was similar to that in the non-increased group (n = 41). Relative abundances of the family Prevotellaceae (p = 0.007) and genera Alloprevotella (p = 0.007) and Dialister (p = 0.039) were enriched in the increased group compared with the non-increased group. Some bacterial taxonomic clades were differentially present between the two groups. These results may contribute to the development of new dental caries prevention strategies, including the development of detection kits and enlightenment activities for these bacteria.

Influence of initial caries lesions on quality of life in preschool children: a 2-year cohort study

2016 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata S. Guedes ◽  
Thiago M. Ardenghi ◽  
Chaiana Piovesan ◽  
Bruno Emmanuelli ◽  
Fausto M. Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Initial Caries ◽  
Caries Lesions

scholarly journals Influence of Smoking Habits on the Prevalence of Dental Caries: A Register-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. de Araújo Nobre ◽  
Ana M. Sezinando ◽  
Inês C. Fernandes ◽  
Andreia C. Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Cumulative Survival ◽  
Caries Lesions

Abstract Objective The study aimed to evaluate the influence of smoking habit on the prevalence of dental caries lesions in a follow-up study. Materials and Methods A total of 3,675 patients (2,186 females and 1,489 males) with an average age of 51.4 years were included. Outcome measures were the incidence of dental caries defined as incipient noncavitated, microcavitated, or cavitated lesions which had been diagnosed through clinical observation with mouth mirror and probe examination evaluating change of texture, translucency, and color; radiographic examination through bitewing radiographs; or secondary caries through placement of a new restoration during the follow-up of the study. Statistical Analysis Cumulative survival (time elapsed with absence of dental caries) was estimated through the Kaplan–Meier product limit estimator with comparison of survival curves (log-rank test). A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the effect of smoking on the incidence of dental caries lesions when controlled to age, gender, systemic status, frequency of dental hygiene appointments, and socioeconomic status. The significance level was set at 5%. Results Eight hundred sixty-three patients developed caries (23.5% incidence rate). The cumulative survival estimation was 81.8% and 48% survival rate for nonsmokers and smokers, respectively (p < 0.001), with an average of 13.5 months between the healthy and diseased state diagnosis. Smokers registered a hazard ratio for dental caries lesions of 1.32 (p = 0.001) when controlled for the other variables of interest. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that smoking habit might be a predictor for dental caries.

scholarly journals Birth order is associated with caries development in young children: a register-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Julihn ◽  
F. C. Soares ◽  
U. Hammarfjord ◽  
A. Hjern ◽  
G. Dahllöf
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Born Child ◽  
Caries Increment

Abstract Background Birth order has been shown to affect the health of the child; less is known, however, about how birth order affects caries development in children. Thus, the present study investigated the association between birth order and dental caries development in young children. Methods This retrospective registry-based cohort study included all children born in 2000–2003 who were residing in Stockholm County, Sweden, at age 3 years (n = 83,147). The study followed the cohort until subjects reached 7 years of age. Children with registry data on dental examinations and sociodemographic characteristics at ages 3- and 7 years constituted the final study cohort (n = 65,259). The outcome variable was “caries increment from age 3- to 7 years” (Δdeft > 0) and the key exposure, “birth order”, was divided into five groups. A forward stepwise logistic binary regression was done for the multivariate analysis with adjustments for sociodemographic factors. Results At age 3 years, 94% had no fillings or manifest caries lesions. During the study period, 22.5% (n = 14,711) developed dental caries. The final logistic regression analysis found a statistically significant positive association between birth order and caries increment. Further, excess risk increased with higher birth order; with the mother’s first-born child as reference, risk for the second-born child was OR 1.17, 95% CI = 1.12–1.23; for the third-born child, OR 1.47, 95% CI = 1.38–1.56; for the fourth-born child, OR 1.69, 95% CI = 1.52–1.88; and for the fifth-born or higher birth-order child, OR 1.84, 95% CI = 1.58–2.14. Conclusions These findings show that birth order influences caries development in siblings, suggesting that birth order can be regarded as a predictor for caries development in young children. This factor may be helpful in assessing caries risk in preschool children and should be considered in caries prevention work in young children with older siblings.

Neighbourhood Determinants of Caries Experience in Preschool Children: A Multilevel Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Priesnitz ◽  
R.K. Celeste ◽  
M.J. Pereira ◽  
C.A. Pires ◽  
C.A. Feldens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Contextual Effect ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neighbourhood Level

Objectives: To investigate the association between neighbourhood factors and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index among preschool children. Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study comprised 1,110 children (0-5 years old) clustered in 16 official neighbourhoods of Canoas city, southern Brazil. Multilevel binomial models were used to estimate the association of contextual variables at neighbourhood level (Human Development Index, average income, and public primary health care units) with two oral health outcomes: decayed teeth (dt) and missing or filled teeth (mft), after adjusting for individual variables (gender, age, maternal education, equivalent household income logarithm, household, and point of care). Results: Overall, 24.9% of the sample had dental caries experience (dmft >0), and 92.3% of the dmft was untreated caries. There was no statistical significant association (p > 0.05) of contextual characteristics with the decay component. The teeth of children living in richer areas had 2.87 (95% CI: 1.05-7.86) times more chances of being treated (mft component). Variance attributed to neighbourhood level was estimated as 5.9% (p < 0.01) and 4.1% (p = 0.17) for dt and mft, respectively, in adjusted models. Conclusions: Intra-urban areas seem homogeneous, with small variability between neighbourhoods, having no contextual effect on untreated dental caries (dt). Contextual variables may influence treatment access (mft) through the use of dental services in preschool children.

The Association between Participation of Adolescents in Community Groups and Dental Caries in a Deprived Area in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina de Araújo Teixeira Silva ◽  
Janete Maria Rebelo Vieira ◽  
Maria Augusta Bessa Rebelo ◽  
Mario Vianna Vettore
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Index Ratio ◽  
Socioeconomic Data ◽  
Care Index

There is limited evidence concerning the role of social networks on the oral health of adolescents. This study assessed the association between the participation of adolescents in community groups and dental caries. A cross-sectional household-based study was carried out involving 200 subjects aged 15-19 years living in a deprived area in the state of Amazon, Brazil. Dental caries was assessed through dental examinations using the DMFT index conducted by a single examiner who was previously calibrated. Four dental caries outcomes were investigated, including caries experience (DMFT score), current caries (number of current decayed teeth), missing teeth due to caries, and the care index (ratio between number of filled teeth and DMFT score). Details of participation of adolescents in community groups, demographic and socioeconomic data and information on dental visiting were obtained through individual interviews. All caries measures were significantly higher in adolescents who did not participate in community groups compared to their counterparts. Multivariate Poisson regression showed that participation of adolescents in community groups was independently associated with all dental caries outcomes. After adjusting for confounders, participation in community groups was statistically associated with lower DMFT score (ratio of mean, RM: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.24-0.46), fewer decayed teeth (RM: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11-0.47), fewer missing teeth (RM: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.17-0.47), and higher care index (RM: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.24-2.29) than those who did not participate. Participation of adolescents in community activities was related to lower levels of dental caries.

Pathways influencing dental caries increment among children: A cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Toledo Reyes ◽  
Jessica Klöckner Knorst ◽  
Fernanda Ruffo Ortiz ◽  
Fausto Medeiros Mendes ◽  
Thiago Machado Ardenghi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Caries Increment

scholarly journals Inclusion of initial caries lesions in a population-based sample of Brazilian preschool children: Impact on estimates and treatment needs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0234122
Author(s):  
Patrícia de Carvalho ◽  
Marcelo Bönecker ◽  
Gustavo Tello ◽  
Jenny Abanto ◽  
Luciana Butini Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Initial Caries ◽  
Caries Lesions
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