Doppler Transmitral Flow Velocity Parameters: Relationship between Age, Body Surface Area, Blood Pressure and Gender in Normal Subjects

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius M. Gardin ◽  
Mary K. Rohan ◽  
Dennis M. Davidson ◽  
Ali Dabestani ◽  
Mark Sklansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Transmitral Flow ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Limitations in the Assessment of Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (07) ◽  
pp. 550-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo A. Amorim ◽  
Mahmoud Diab ◽  
Mario Walther ◽  
Gloria Färber ◽  
Andreas Hagendorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Effective Orifice Area ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Specific Parameter ◽  
Impact On Survival ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) after aortic valve replacement (AVR) may affect survival but data are conflicting. It is assessed by relating effective orifice area (EOA) to body surface area (EOAi). EOA is patient-specific as the result of flow-velocity times area at the individual patient's outflow tract levels (LVOTA) divided by trans-prosthetic flow velocity. However, some studies use projected EOAs (i.e., valve size associated EOAs from other patient populations) to assess how PPM affects outcome. Methods We analyzed 76 studies addressing hemodynamic outcome and/or mortality after bioprosthetic AVR. Results In 48 studies, projected or measured EOA for calculation of EOAi and PPM assessment was used (of which 25 demonstrated an effect on survival). We identified 28 additional studies providing measured EOA values and the corresponding Bernoulli's pressure gradients after AVR. Despite EOA being a patient-specific parameter, 77% of studies assessing a PPM impact on survival used projected EOAs. The 28 studies are providing measured EOA values and the corresponding Bernoulli's pressure gradients in patients after AVR showed a highly significant, linear relationship between EOA and Bernoulli's gradient. Considering this relationship, it is surprising that relating EOA to body surface area (BSA) (EOAi) is standard but relating pressure gradients to BSA is not. Conclusion We conclude that the majority of studies assessing PPM have used false assumptions because EOA is a patient-specific parameter and cannot be transferred to other patients. In addition, the use of EOAi to assess PPM may not be appropriate and could explain the inconsistent relation between PPM and survival in previous studies.

scholarly journals Correlation between clinical risk factors and tracheal intubation difficulty in infants with Pierre-Robin syndrome: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Liu ◽  
Jiashuo Wang ◽  
Shan Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Tracheal Intubation ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Pierre Robin Syndrome ◽  
Intubation Difficulty ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Pierre Robin

Abstract Background: Difficult tracheal intubation is a common problem encountered by anesthesiologists in the clinic. This study was conducted to assess the difficulty of tracheal intubation in infants with Pierre Robin syndrome (PRS) by incorporating computed tomography (CT) to guide airway management for anesthesia. Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed case-level clinical data and CT images of 96 infants with PRS. First, a clinically experienced physician labeled CT images, after which the color space conversion, binarization, contour acquisition, and area calculation processing were performed on the annotated files. Finally, the correlation coefficient between the seven clinical factors and tracheal intubation difficulty, as well as the differences in each risk factor under tracheal intubation difficulty were calculated. Results: The absolute value of the correlation coefficient between the throat area and tracheal intubation difficulty was 0.54; the observed difference was statistically significant. Body surface area, weight, and gender also showed significant difference under tracheal intubation difficulty. Conclusions: There is a significant correlation between throat area and tracheal intubation difficulty in infants with PRS. Body surface area, weight and gender may have an impact on tracheal intubation difficulty in infants with PRS.

Creatinine clearance: enzymatic vs Jaffé determinations of creatinine in plasma and urine.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Apple ◽  
C Bandt ◽  
A Prosch ◽  
G Erlandson ◽  
V Holmstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Plasma Creatinine ◽  
Plasma And Urine Samples

Abstract We measured creatinine in plasma and urine samples from 17 normal subjects and 10 renally impaired subjects by four different methods: two enzymatic--Ektachem iminohydrolase and Boehringer Mannheim amidohydrolase--and two Jaffé reaction based--Beckman Astra 8 and Technicon AutoAnalyzer I. Creatinine clearances, standardized for body surface area, were also calculated. In both groups of subjects plasma creatinine values were significantly (p less than 0.05) lower, by 3 to 4 mg/L, when measured enzymatically than when measured by the Jaffé reaction. Additionally, creatinine clearances were significantly (p less than 0.05) greater by at least 30 mL/min when calculated from enzymatically measured creatinine values vs Jaffé method values for creatinine. The benefits of lack of interference with enzymatically measured creatinine concentrations and clearances should be assessed in relation to the lack of agreement with long-established (Jaffé) methods for determining creatinine (and inulin) clearances.

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Adolescents with Elevated Blood Pressure: Assessment by Chest Roentgenography, Electrocardiography, and Echocardiography

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-259
Author(s):  
W. Pennock Laird ◽  
David E. Fixler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Control

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in adolescents with persistently elevated blood pressures. Chest roentgenograms, electrocardiograms, and echocardiograms were performed on 50 adolescents with elevated blood pressure and 50 matched normotensive control subjects. No subject in either group demonstrated cardiomegaly on x-ray. Interpretation of the electrocardiograms indicated that similar numbers of both hypertensive (7/50) and control subjects (8/50) had ECG evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. The echocardiograms showed that the mean left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) in the hypertensive adolescents was 7.8 mm ± 0.1 (SE), compared with 6.5 ± 0.1 in the control subjects (P < .001). When the measurements were indexed to body surface area, the difference remained highly significant. Indexed left ventricular mass (LVM)/body surface area (BSA) was also significantly greater (P < .001) in the hypertensive (84.2 gm/sq m ± 2.1) than in the control subjects (72.0 ± 2.1). Using data from the normotensive control subjects, we defined the 95th percentile for both LVWT/BSA and LVM/BSA. Among hypertensive adolescents, 9/50 had LVWT/BSA and 8/50 had LVM/BSA above this level. For control subjects, only 1/50 had elevated LVWT/BSA values and 2/50 elevated LVM/BSA values. This study demonstrates that hypertensive adolescents have an increased prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy and that echocardiography is the most useful noninvasive method to detect these changes.

scholarly journals Body Surface Area and Baseline Blood Pressure Predict Subclinical Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity in Women Treated for Early Breast Cancer

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e0165262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kotwinski ◽  
Gillian Smith ◽  
Jackie Cooper ◽  
Julie Sanders ◽  
Louise Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Early Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Baseline Blood Pressure ◽  
Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity

scholarly journals How should renal hemodynamic data be indexed in obesity?

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1709-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Schmieder ◽  
A H Beil ◽  
H Weihprecht ◽  
F H Messerli
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Obese Subjects

Clearance data are customarily indexed to body surface area of 1.73 m2. This study examined whether this standard procedure gives correct values for renal perfusion in obese subjects. In 215 subjects who varied in age, gender, height, weight, obesity, and mean arterial blood pressure, RPF was determined by measuring the clearance of (131I)para-aminohippuric acid. Multiple regression analysis of the whole study group revealed that age (beta = -0.44, P < 0.001), height (beta = +0.25, P < 0.01), and arterial blood pressure (beta = -0.19, P < 0.01) were independent predictors of RPF, but that weight or body mass index was not. When related to body surface area, RPF appeared to decline with increasing obesity as follows: normal weight, 609 +/- 153 mL/min per 1.73 m2; overweight, 572 +/- 149 mL/min per 1.73 m2; severely overweight, 530 +/- 145 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (P < 0.012). In contrast, RPF related to height reflected a pattern concordant with the multiple regression analysis: normal weight, 3.76 +/- 0.9 mL/min per meter; overweight, 3.86 +/- 1.0 mL/min per meter; and severely overweight, 3.86 +/- 1.0 mL/min per meter (not significant). A separate repetition of the whole analysis for both normotensive (N = 55) and hypertensive subjects (N = 160) revealed a result similar to that found for the whole group. Thus, our results show that obesity was not a determinant of RPF, and when related to body surface area, inappropriately low values of RPF were calculated for obese patients. It was concluded that RPF values correlate with height and not with surface area in obese subjects.

Index for Normalization of Blood Volume

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (s8) ◽  
pp. 375s-377s ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen PH. Chau ◽  
Robert C. Tarazi ◽  
Fetnat M. Fouad ◽  
Michel E. Safar ◽  
Willem H. Birkenhäger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Cleveland Clinic ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Weight One

1. A general method for the development of a blood volume index was devised to allow inter-individual comparisons. 2. An accurate and acceptable blood volume index had to fulfil certain criteria; it had to be (1) not correlated with body size, (2) highly correlated with blood volume, (3) either dimension-less or expressible in units of length or of surface area and (4) simple to calculate. 3. Available data, from the Broussais Hospital, Paris, the Zuiderziekenhuis, Rotterdam and the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, included six groups of normal subjects, male essential hypertensive patients and female essential hypertensive patients. 4. Extensive calculations, based on the available data, indicated that the equation BVI = BV/(a√H.W) (BVI = blood volume index, BV = blood volume, H = body height, W = body weight and a = a constant depending on the chosen units) was the simplest index which satisfied the above requirements. 5. As the equation SA = 0.165 √(H.W) (SA = body surface area, in m2, H in m and W in kg) is almost identical with the Dubois & Dubois formula predicting body surface area from height and weight, one may choose a = 0165 and the index BVI = BV/[0.165 √(H.W)] (/H in m, W in kg, BV in ml and BVI in ml/m2). Thus blood volume is referred to body surface area. 6. Blood volume referred to unit body surface area appears, at the present, to be the most appropriate ‘blood volume index’. However, studies of data from larger groups and from more centres are needed to confirm this conclusion.

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