Molecular Mechanisms Leading to Splanchnic Vasodilation in Liver Cirrhosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Di Pascoli ◽  
David Sacerdoti ◽  
Patrizia Pontisso ◽  
Paolo Angeli ◽  
Massimo Bolognesi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Splanchnic Vasodilation

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Interaction Effects of Alcohol and Hepatitis C Virus in Liver Cirrhosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria R. Mas ◽  
Ryan Fassnacht ◽  
Kellie J. Archer ◽  
Daniel Maluf
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Interaction Effects

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Same TCM Syndrome for Different Diseases and Different TCM Syndrome for Same Disease in Chronic Hepatitis B and Liver Cirrhosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhizhong Guo ◽  
Shuhao Yu ◽  
Yan Guan ◽  
Ying-Ya Li ◽  
Yi-Yu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Feature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tcm Syndrome ◽  
Was Gene

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment is based on the traditional diagnose method to distinguish the TCM syndrome, not the disease. So there is a phenomenon in the relationship between TCM syndrome and disease, called Same TCM Syndrome for Different Diseases and Different TCM Syndrome for Same Disease. In this study, we demonstrated the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon using the microarray samples of liver-gallbladder dampness-heat syndrome (LGDHS) and liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome (LDSDS) in the chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and liver cirrhosis (LC). The results showed that the difference between CHB and LC was gene expression level and the difference between LGDHS and LDSDS was gene coexpression in the G-protein-coupled receptor protein-signaling pathway. Therein genes GPER, PTHR1, GPR173, and SSTR1 were coexpressed in LDSDS, but not in LGDHS. Either CHB or LC was divided into the alternative LGDHS and LDSDS by the gene correlation, which reveals the molecular feature of Different TCM Syndrome for Same Disease. The alternatives LGDHS and LDSDS were divided into either CHB or LC by the gene expression level, which reveals the molecular feature of Same TCM Syndrome for Different Diseases.

scholarly journals Dynamical Regulation Analysis Identifies Molecular Mechanisms of Fuzheng-Huayu Formula against Hepatitis B-Caused Liver Cirrhosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Long Chen ◽  
Yi-Yu Lu ◽  
Jing-Hua Peng ◽  
Shu Dong ◽  
Bin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
P53 Signaling ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Target Network

Fuzheng-Huayu (FZHY) tablet was formulated based on Chinese medicine theory in treating liver fibrosis. A clinical trial has indicated that FZHY can against hepatitis B-caused liver cirrhosis (HBC), but the underlying mechanism of FZHY efficacy is unclear. Here, we report that miRNA expression levels are remarkably changed when FZHY formula was used in HBC patient’s treatment as a paradigm of trials. Then, we functionally characterize the significant impact of potential kernel miRNAs by miRNA-target network analysis. Enrichment analysis show that the FZHY formula dramatically effecting the molecular regulated module in HBC. Thus, we infer that FZHY plays a critical function in HBC treatment process and directly regulated many important pathways, including but not limited to cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway, and TGF-βsignaling pathway, suggesting a new strategy for investigating the molecular mechanism of FZHY treatment.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms Driving Progression of Liver Cirrhosis towards Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B and C Infections: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Kanda ◽  
Taichiro Goto ◽  
Yosuke Hirotsu ◽  
Mitsuhiko Moriyama ◽  
Masao Omata
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Almost All

Almost all patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a major type of primary liver cancer, also have liver cirrhosis, the severity of which hampers effective treatment for HCC despite recent progress in the efficacy of anticancer drugs for advanced stages of HCC. Here, we review recent knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms of liver cirrhosis and its progression to HCC from genetic and epigenomic points of view. Because ~70% of patients with HCC have hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we focused on HBV- and HCV-associated HCC. The literature suggests that genetic and epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs, play a role in liver cirrhosis and its progression to HCC, and that HBV- and HCV-encoded proteins appear to be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms, including immune checkpoints and molecular targets of kinase inhibitors, associated with liver cirrhosis and its progression to HCC.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment of Sarcopenia in Liver Disease: A Review of Current Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1425
Author(s):  
Hiroteru Kamimura ◽  
Takeki Sato ◽  
Kazuki Natsui ◽  
Takamasa Kobayashi ◽  
Tomoaki Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Negative Prognostic Factor ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Catabolic State ◽  
Relationship Of

Sarcopenia is characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging or in association with various diseases. The condition is prevalent worldwide and occurs more frequently in patients with chronic diseases owing to the intrinsic relationship of muscles with glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. Liver cirrhosis is characterized by the progression of necro-inflammatory liver diseases, which leads to fibrosis, portal hypertension, and a catabolic state, which causes loss of muscle tissue. Sarcopenia is of significant concern in the state of liver cirrhosis because sarcopenia has been associated with higher mortality, increased hospital admissions, worse post-liver transplant outcomes, decreased quality of life, and increased risk for other complications associated with cirrhosis. Therefore, sarcopenia is also an important feature of liver cirrhosis, representing a negative prognostic factor and influencing mortality. An increased understanding of sarcopenia could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches that could help improve the cognitive impairment of cirrhotic patients; therefore, we present a review of the mechanisms and diagnosis of sarcopenia in liver disease and existing therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanism Contributing to Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5357
Author(s):  
Fatuma Meyer ◽  
Karen Bannert ◽  
Mats Wiese ◽  
Susanne Esau ◽  
Lea F. Sautter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Few Data ◽  
And Function

Liver cirrhosis is frequently accompanied by disease-related malnutrition (DRM) and sarcopenia, defined as loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. DRM and sarcopenia often coexist in cirrhotic patients and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The clinical manifestation of both comorbidities are triggered by multifactorial mechanisms including reduced nutrient and energy intake caused by dietary restrictions, anorexia, neuroendocrine deregulation, olfactory and gustatory deficits. Maldigestion and malabsorption due to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, pancreatic insufficiency or cholestasis may also contribute to DRM and sarcopenia. Decreased protein synthesis and increased protein degradation is the cornerstone mechanism to muscle loss, among others mediated by disease- and inflammation-mediated metabolic changes, hyperammonemia, increased myostatin and reduced human growth hormone. The concise pathophysiological mechanisms and interactions of DRM and sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis are not completely understood. Furthermore, most knowledge in this field are based on experimental models, but only few data in humans exist. This review summarizes known and proposed molecular mechanisms contributing to malnutrition and sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis and highlights remaining knowledge gaps. Since, in the prevention and treatment of DRM and sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients, more research is needed to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis and development of targeted therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Transcriptomics reveals immune-metabolism disorder in acute-on-chronic liver failure in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. e202101189
Author(s):  
Hozeifa M Hassan ◽  
Qun Cai ◽  
Xi Liang ◽  
Jiaojiao Xin ◽  
Keke Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Chronic Liver Failure ◽  
Porcine Serum ◽  
Metabolism Disorder

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is clinical syndrome with high mortality rate. This study aimed to perform detailed transcriptomic analysis in liver cirrhosis–based ACLF rats to elucidate ACLF pathogenesis. ACLF was induced by combined porcine serum with D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide. Gene expression profile of liver tissues from ACLF rats was generated by transcriptome sequencing to reveal the molecular mechanism. ACLF rats successfully developed with typical characteristics. Total of 2,354/3,576 differentially expressed genes were identified when ACLF was compared to liver cirrhosis and normal control, separately. The functional synergy analysis revealed prominent immune dysregulation at ACLF stage, whereas metabolic disruption was significantly down-regulated. Relative proportions of innate immune–related cells showed significant elevation of monocytes and macrophages, whereas adaptive immune–related cells were reduced. The seven differentially expressed genes underlying the ACLF molecular mechanisms were externally validated, among them THBS1, IL-10, and NR4A3 expressions were confirmed in rats, patient transcriptomics, and liver biopsies, verifying their potential value in the ACLF pathogenesis. This study indicates immune-metabolism disorder in ACLF rats, which may provide clinicians new targets for improving intervention strategies.

Transcription factor/DNA interactions visualized by electron spectroscopic imaging

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
David P. Bazett-Jones ◽  
Mark L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Dna Backbone ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
High Level

A multisubunit RNA polymerase enzyme is ultimately responsible for transcription initiation and elongation of RNA, but recognition of the proper start site by the enzyme is regulated by general, temporal and gene-specific trans-factors interacting at promoter and enhancer DNA sequences. To understand the molecular mechanisms which precisely regulate the transcription initiation event, it is crucial to elucidate the structure of the transcription factor/DNA complexes involved. Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) provides the opportunity to visualize individual DNA molecules. Enhancement of DNA contrast with ESI is accomplished by imaging with electrons that have interacted with inner shell electrons of phosphorus in the DNA backbone. Phosphorus detection at this intermediately high level of resolution (≈lnm) permits selective imaging of the DNA, to determine whether the protein factors compact, bend or wrap the DNA. Simultaneously, mass analysis and phosphorus content can be measured quantitatively, using adjacent DNA or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as mass and phosphorus standards. These two parameters provide stoichiometric information relating the ratios of protein:DNA content.

Dissection of the molecular mechanisms of protein targeting to the peroxisome using immunofluorescence and immunocryoelectron microscopies

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
G-A. Keller ◽  
S. J. Gould ◽  
S. Subramani ◽  
S. Krisans
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Protein Targeting ◽  
Firefly Luciferase ◽  
Peroxisomal Enzyme ◽  
Transfected Cells ◽  
Peroxisomal Targeting ◽  
Targeting Signal ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Peroxisomal Targeting Signal

Subcellular compartments within eukaryotic cells must each be supplied with unique sets of proteins that must be directed to, and translocated across one or more membranes of the target organelles. This transport is mediated by cis- acting targeting signals present within the imported proteins. The following is a chronological account of a series of experiments designed and carried out in an effort to understand how proteins are targeted to the peroxisomal compartment.-We demonstrated by immunocryoelectron microscopy that the enzyme luciferase is a peroxisomal enzyme in the firefly lantern. -We expressed the cDNA encoding firefly luciferase in mammalian cells and demonstrated by immunofluorescence that the enzyme was transported into the peroxisomes of the transfected cells. -Using deletions, linker insertions, and gene fusion to identify regions of luciferase involved in its transport to the peroxisomes, we demonstrated that luciferase contains a peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) within its COOH-terminal twelve amino acid.

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