The Relation Between the Age of Red Cells Labelled with Radio-Iron and Haemolysis Induced by Mechanical Trauma and Rapid Freezing-Thawing

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-667
Author(s):  
C.-H. de Verdier ◽  
L. Garby ◽  
J. Killander ◽  
M. Hjelm ◽  
C.F. Högman
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Rapid Freezing

The Relation Between the Age of Red Cells Labelled with Radio-Iron and Haemolysis Induced by Mechanical Trauma and Rapid Freezing-Thawing

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-H. Verdier ◽  
L. Garby ◽  
J. Killander ◽  
M. Hjelm ◽  
C. F. Högman
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Rapid Freezing

Rapid Freezing of Red Cells*

2015 ◽  
pp. 637-641
Author(s):  
A. P. Rinfret ◽  
M. L. Bloom ◽  
R. R. Sakaida ◽  
C. W. Cowley ◽  
G. F. Doebbler
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
Rapid Freezing

scholarly journals Studies on Abnormal Hemoglobins

Blood ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1216-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARL SINGER ◽  
BEN FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Nonuniform Distribution ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Variable Size ◽  
Unequal Distribution

Abstract 1. By transfusing sickle cell anemia erythrocytes with a relatively high concentration of F hemoglobin into normal recipients, it was demonstrated that the disappearance rates of the transfused cells and of their alkali resistant pigment consistently showed great discrepancies. These observations suggest an unequal distribution of the F pigment within the erythrocyte population. A nonuniform distribution of F hemoglobin could also be detected in vitro by exposing sickle cell anemia bloods to mechanical trauma for a longer period of time. The cells most resistant to trauma contained a higher percentage of F hemoglobin than the original blood specimen. 2. The red cell population of patients with sickle cell anemia seems to be composed of three main fractions: (1) cells containing S hemoglobin and no or little F hemoglobin, (2) cells containing both pigments and (3) cells containing F pigment with no or little S hemoglobin. 3. The erythrocytes carrying mostly S hemoglobin have the shortest life span, whereas the red cells containing mostly F hemoglobin have the longest survival time. 4. The significance of these findings in regard to clinical and genetic aspects of sickle cell anemia is discussed. No direct correlation is demonstrable in an individual patient between the absolute amounts of either type S or type F hemoglobin and the severity of the anemia. The latter depends on the variable size of the portion of red cells containing mostly S hemoglobin, and also on the ability of the marrow to replace this particular fraction.

EFFECT OF PLASMA PROTEINS ON THE FRAGILITY OF ERYTHROCYTES

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Triantaphyllopoulos ◽  
E. H. Krikke
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Fresh Blood ◽  
Overnight Incubation

Addition of fibrinogen or of the anticoagulant fraction of incubated fibrinogen (AFIF) to fresh blood in vitro decreases both the osmotic and the mechanical fragility of the erythrocytes. This suggests that these proteins contribute to the structural integrity of the red cells. On the other hand, addition of albumin does not affect significantly the fragility. Overnight incubation of the blood–protein mixtures abolishes the protective effect of fibrinogen on both kinds of fragility and that of AFIF on the osmotic type. The increased resistance of the red cells, however, to mechanical trauma in the presence of AFIF remains unaffected by incubation.

scholarly journals Influence of mechanical resistance of red cells on expressiveness of hemolysis after cardiopulmonary bypass

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
S. P. Chumakova ◽  
V. M. Shipulin ◽  
O. I. Urazova ◽  
V. V. Novitskiy ◽  
S. E. Barmina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Coronary Bypass ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Radical Mechanism ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Free Radical Mechanism ◽  
Before And After

The study enrolled patients with ischemic heart disease with moderate (37 patients) and apparent hemolysis (18 patients) after coronary bypass surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Before and after the operation the concentration of free hemoglobin in blood plasma, mechanical resistance of red cells, content of TBA-active products and the general antioxidant activity in red cells were studied, while taking into account the artificial blood circulation activity and perfusion speed as well. It was established that among patients with apparent post-perfusion hemolysis the level of TBA-active products in red cells increased after surgery, while their general antioxidant activity tended to decrease. Development of moderate hemolysis is not accompanied by changes in the oxidant-antioxidant balance of red cells. There were no reliable differences in the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, perfusion volume velocity, as well as mechanical resistance of red cells among the groups of patients at both levels of the study. Thus, individual-conditioned apparent post-perfusion hemolysis is based on a free-radical mechanism of red cell damage, and not on a mechanical trauma of blood cells when under cardiopulmonary bypass.

scholarly journals FACTORS OF INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS IN CARDIOSURGICAL PATIENTS AFTER CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS PROCEDURES

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Chumakova ◽  
O. I. Urazova ◽  
V. V. Novitskii ◽  
V. M. Shipulin ◽  
I. V. Mal'tseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Coronary Bypass ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Radical Mechanism ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Free Radical Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Phospholipid Ratio

The study included patients with ischemic heart disease with moderate (52 patients) and apparent (23 patients) hemolysis after coronary bypass surgery in cardiopulmonary bypass (CB). The concentration of free hemoglobin in blood plasma, mechanical resistance and sorption capacity of red cells as well as the content of TBA-active products, cholesterol and phospholipids in red cells and reticulocytes levels in blood were studied before and after operation. It was shown that among patients with apparent post-perfusion hemolysis (in contrast to the patients with a moderate hemolysis) the sorption capacity of red cells and amount of reticulocytes in blood are increased before operation; level of TBA-active products in erythrocytes is increasing after operation. Development of moderate hemolysis is associated with the decreased mechanical resistance of erythrocytes and increased cholesterol/phospholipid-ratio in membranes before operation. Thus, individually-specified apparent post-perfusion hemolysis is based on free-radical mechanism of erythrocytes damage and moderate hemoglobin level is referred to mechanical trauma of blood cells during CB. 

scholarly journals Physical Properties of Red Cells as Related to Effects in Vivo. I. Increased Rigidity of Erythrocytes as Measured by Viscosity of Cells Altered by Chemical Fixation, Sickling and Hypertonicity

Blood ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS HALE HAM ◽  
REBECCA F. DUNN ◽  
RICHARD W. SAYRE ◽  
JOHN R. MURPHY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Changes in the physical properties of red cells were produced by chemical fixation, the sickling process, by suspension in hypertonic sodium chloride and by a combination of hypertonicity and sickling. These resulted in a loss of deformability or increased rigidity of cells as indicated by a rise in viscosity of cell suspensions and hemolysates, more Newtonian flow, diminished filtration of cell suspensions through microfilters, resistance to packing by centrifugal force and abnormal susceptibility to mechanical trauma. The results of these studies show that in hypertonic sodium chloride all cells have an increased viscosity and are more rigid. The relationship of these physical properties to the behavior of cells in the microcirculation is discussed for normal subjects and those with sickle cell disease, including the effect on the kidney.

Ultra-Rapid Freezing of Isolated Skeletal Muscle Fibers

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
Joachim R. Sommer ◽  
Nancy R. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Granular Material ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Frog Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electrical Isolation

After Howell (1) had shown that ruthenium red treatment of fixed frog skeletal muscle caused collapse of the intermediate cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), forming a pentalaminate structure by obi iterating the SR lumen, we demonstrated that the phenomenon involves the entire SR including the nuclear envelope and that it also occurs after treatment with other cations, including calcium (2,3,4).From these observations we have formulated a hypothesis which states that intracellular calcium taken up by the SR at the end of contraction causes the M rete to collapse at a certain threshold concentration as the first step in a subsequent centrifugal zippering of the free SR toward the junctional SR (JSR). This would cause a) bulk transport of SR contents, such as calcium and granular material (4) into the JSR and, b) electrical isolation of the free SR from the JSR.

Cryogenic atomic force microscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
K. A. Fisher ◽  
M. G. L. Gustafsson ◽  
M. B. Shattuck ◽  
J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Flexible Molecules ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Chemical Perturbation

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is capable of imaging electrically conductive and non-conductive surfaces at atomic resolution. When used to image biological samples, however, lateral resolution is often limited to nanometer levels, due primarily to AFM tip/sample interactions. Several approaches to immobilize and stabilize soft or flexible molecules for AFM have been examined, notably, tethering coating, and freezing. Although each approach has its advantages and disadvantages, rapid freezing techniques have the special advantage of avoiding chemical perturbation, and minimizing physical disruption of the sample. Scanning with an AFM at cryogenic temperatures has the potential to image frozen biomolecules at high resolution. We have constructed a force microscope capable of operating immersed in liquid n-pentane and have tested its performance at room temperature with carbon and metal-coated samples, and at 143° K with uncoated ferritin and purple membrane (PM).

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