The Impact of Depression on the Development of Mild Cognitive Impairment over 3 Years of Follow-Up: A Population-Based Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Lara ◽  
Ai Koyanagi ◽  
Joan Domènech-Abella ◽  
Marta Miret ◽  
Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
The Impact

Background/Aims: In the absence of effective treatments for dementia, major efforts are being directed towards identifying the risk factors of the prodromal phase of the disease. We report the incidence rates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a Spanish population sample and assess the effect of depression at baseline on incident MCI (or MCI subtypes) at a 3-year follow-up. Methods: A total of 1,642 participants (age ≥50 years) were examined as part of a Spanish nationally representative longitudinal study. MCI was defined as the presence of cognitive concerns, objective evidence of impairment in one or more cognitive domains, preservation of independence in functional abilities, and no dementia. Depression was assessed through an adaptation of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were carried out to assess the associations. Results: The overall MCI incidence rate was 33.19 (95% CI = 26.02, 43.04) per 1,000 person-years. Depression at baseline predicted the onset of MCI at follow-up after controlling for sociodemographics, cognitive functioning, and other physical health conditions (OR = 2.79; 95% CI = 1.70, 4.59). The effect of baseline depression on incident MCI subtypes was as follows: amnestic MCI, OR = 3.81 (95% CI = 1.96, 7.43); nonamnestic MCI, OR = 2.03 (95% CI = 0.98, 4.21). Conclusion: Depression significantly increases the risk for MCI. Targeting depression among those at risk for dementia may help delay or even prevent the onset of dementia.

scholarly journals The impact of tooth loss on cognitive function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Galindo-Moreno ◽  
Lucia Lopez-Chaichio ◽  
Miguel Padial-Molina ◽  
Gustavo Avila-Ortiz ◽  
Francisco O’Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective To investigate if there is epidemiological evidence of an association between edentulism and cognitive decline beside that currently available from limited sample-sized case series and cross-sectional studies considering limited co-variables. Materials and methods Data from two USA national health surveys [NHIS 2014–2017 and NHANES 2005–2018] were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression to study the impact of type of edentulism and number of remaining teeth on memory and concentration problems. Age, gender, socioeconomic status, education level, cardiovascular health index, body mass index, exercise, alcohol, smoking habits, and anxiety and depression were used as covariates. Results The combined population sample was 102,291 individuals. Age, socioeconomic status, educational level, anxiety and depression levels, and edentulism showed the highest odds ratios for cognitive decline. Number of teeth present in the mouth was found to be a predictor of cognitive status. This association showed a gradient effect, so that the lower the number of teeth, the greater the risk of exhibiting cognitive decline. Conclusions Edentulism was found among the higher ORs for cognitive impairment. Clinical relevance Maintenance of functional teeth through the promotion of oral health may contribute to the preservation of memory/concentration and other essential cognitive functions. Thus, increasing and efficiently coordinating efforts aimed at preventing of tooth loss in the adult population could substantially contribute to reduce the incidence of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Impact of Individual and Neighborhood dimensions of Socioeconomic Status on the Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment over Seven-Year Follow-Up

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Fernández-Blázquez ◽  
Bárbara Noriega-Ruiz ◽  
Marina Ávila-Villanueva ◽  
Meritxell Valentí-Soler ◽  
Belén Frades-Payo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

IMPORTANCE: There is strong evidence about the association between low socioeconomic status (SES) and higher risk of dementia. However, it has not been conveniently addressed so far the role of SES on the incidence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) which is considered a prodromal stage of latter dementia.OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of individual and neighborhood dimensions of SES, as well as their interaction, on the risk of developing MCI in a sample of older adults that were followed-up for seven years.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data from the Vallecas Project cohort, an ongoing community-based longitudinal study for early detection of cognitive impairment and dementia, were used to build two indices of SES namely individual and neighborhood, as well as a global SES as a combination of both, and to investigate their effects on MCI conversion by means of a multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Based on data referred to as individual-level (one´s educational attainment, occupation, parent´s level of education) and neighborhood-level (district´s income, unemployment rate, housing price, percentage of people with no formal qualifications, with higher education, and with white-collar employs) different composite measures of SES were built and quartiles were considered for further analyses. MCI diagnoses were agreed between neurologists and neuropsychologists at consensus meetings.RESULTS: 1180 participants aged 70 years and older were enrolled in this study (mean age at baseline, 74.9 years; 63.5% females). Of these, 199 cases of MCI (16.9%) were diagnosed at any point of the follow-up. The individual and neighborhood dimensions of SES played different roles in the dynamics of the MCI occurrence through ageing. Most importantly, the risk of developing MCI was almost double for lower SES quartiles when compared to the highest one.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The incidence of MCI in older adults was related to both individual characteristics and socioeconomic context. Public health strategies should be holistic and focus not only on promoting the classical individual preventive measures, but also on reducing social inequalities as a means of fostering healthy ageing and reducing dementia burden.

scholarly journals Systemic Oxidative Stress and Conversion to Dementia of Elderly Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Cervellati ◽  
Arianna Romani ◽  
Davide Seripa ◽  
Eleonora Cremonini ◽  
Cristina Bosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
By Products

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is regarded as a prodromal phase of late onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). It has been proposed that oxidative stress (OxS) might be implicated in the pathogenesis of LOAD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a redox imbalance measured as serum level of hydroperoxides (i.e., by-products of lipid peroxidation) and/or serum antioxidant capacity might be predictive of the clinical progression of MCI to LOAD. The levels of these two markers were measured in 111 patients with MCI (follow-up:2.0 ± 0.6years), 105 patients with LOAD, and 118 nondemented healthy controls. Multivariate analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors, including age, gender, smoking, and comorbidities, showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in baseline levels of OxS in MCI and LOAD as compared to cognitive healthy controls. No differences in either of OxS markers were found by comparing MCI patients who converted (n = 29) or not converted (n = 82) to LOAD. Overall, these results suggest that systemic OxS might be a precocious feature of MCI and LOAD. However, the role of OxS as an early prognostic marker of progression to LOAD needs further investigations.

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown on Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia With Lewy Bodies in China: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Chao Chen ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Jinghuan Gan ◽  
Lingyun Ma ◽  
Xiaoshan Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
The Impact

Background: While the lockdown strategies taken by many countries effectively limited the spread of COVID-19, those were thought to have a negative impact on older people. This study aimed to investigate the impact of lockdown on cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms over a 1-year follow-up period in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).Methods: We enrolled consecutive patients with MCI, probable AD or DLB who were receiving outpatient memory care before the COVID-19 pandemic and followed-up with them after 1 year by face-to-face during the COVID-19 pandemic to assess changes in physical activity, social contact, cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS).Results: Total 105 probable AD, 50 MCI and 22 probable DLB patients were included and completed the 1-year follow-up between October 31 and November 30, 2020. Among the respondents, 42% of MCI, 54.3% of AD and 72.7% of DLB patients had a decline in MMSE scores and 54.4% of DLB patients had worsening Neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) scores. Patients with DLB showed a more rapid decline of MMSE than those with AD. Diminished physical activity and social contact might have hastened the deterioration of cognition and the worsening of NPS.Conclusion: Social isolation and physical inactivity even after strict lockdown for at least 6 months were correlated with accelerated decline of cognitive function and NPS in patients with AD and DLB.

Prevalence and Incidence of Mild Cognitive Impairment across Subtypes, Age, and Sex

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieclaire Overton ◽  
Mats Pihlsgård ◽  
Sölve Elmståhl
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Cognitive Complaint ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

Objective: The purpose of this study was to report on the prevalence and incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) across age, sex, and subtypes according to various criteria in a population-based sample. Methods: The sample was drawn from the Swedish Good Aging in Skåne (GÅS) population study, and data from 3,752 participants aged 60 years and more were used to calculate the MCI prevalence. The incidence was calculated using 2,093 participants with 6-year follow-up data. MCI was defined according to the expanded Mayo Clinic criteria: cognitive complaint, objective cognitive impairment (two different criteria depending on the severity of impairment), preserved functional abilities, and no dementia. Results: The prevalence estimates ranged from 5.13 to 29.9% depending on age and severity of impairment. The incidence rates of overall MCI were 22.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 19.6–25.9) and 8.67 (95% CI: 7.0–10.7) per 1,000 person-years for less severe and severe cognitive impairment, respectively. The highest prevalence and incidence estimates were found for “non-amnestic MCI single domain.” The older age groups had a higher prevalence, and no sex or age differences in MCI incidence were detected. Conclusion: Our findings concur with previous research advocating that MCI is a heterogeneous concept, since the prevalence and incidence estimates differed substantially according to age, MCI subtype, and severity of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric, cognitive and brain morphology characteristics of conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronat Lucas ◽  
Hanganu Alexandru ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) on cognitive performance has been extensively reported, and this impact was better defined in the aging population. Yet a potential impact of NPS on brain morphology, cognitive performance and interactions between them in a longitudinal setting, as well as the potential of using these values as prediction of conversion – have remained questionable. We studied 156 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database who maintained the same level of cognitive performance after a 4-year follow-up and compared them to 119 MCI participants who converted to dementia. Additionally, we assessed the same analysis in 170 healthy controls who remained healthy at follow-up. Compared to 15 controls who converted to MCI. Their neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and brain morphology data underwent statistical analyses of 1) baseline comparison between the groups; (2) analysis of covariance model controlling for age, sex, education, and MMSE score, to specify the cognitive performance and brain structures that distinguish the two subgroups, and 3) used the significant ANCOVA variables to construct a binary logistic regression model that generates a probability equation for a given individual to convert to a lower cognitive performance state.Results showed that MCI who converted to AD in comparison to those who did not convert, exhibited a higher NPS prevalence, a lower cognitive performance and a higher number of involved brain structures. Furthermore, agitation, memory and the volumes of inferior temporal, hippocampal and amygdala sizes were significant predictors of MCI to AD conversion.

scholarly journals Cognitive stimulation program in mild cognitive impairment A randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Isabel Gomez-Soria ◽  
Patricia Peralta-Marrupe ◽  
Fernando Plo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Barthel Index ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Non-pharmacological cognitive interventions in mild cognitive impairment have demonstrated promising results in preventing or delaying cognitive impairment and functional disability. Cognitive stimulation seems to improve and maintain cognitive and social activity. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a cognitive stimulation program in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at the cognitive level on activities of daily living (ADLs), and levels of anxiety and depression. Methods: A randomized controlled single-blind trial involving 122 non-institutionalized elderly with a MEC-35 score of 24-27 was conducted. The intervention group (n=54) received the intervention (10-week cognitive stimulation program) and was compared with a control group (n=68) that received no intervention. Follow-up assessments were conducted post-test and at 6 months post-test. The primary outcome was cognitive function determined by changes in scores on the Spanish version (MEC-35) of the Mini-Mental State Examination, while the secondary outcomes were measured by the Barthel Index, Lawton and Brody Scale, Goldberg Questionnaire (anxiety sub-scale) and the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (15-item version). Results: The intervention group showed a significant improvement in cognitive function at both timepoints, post-test and 6-month follow-up. The Barthel Index was higher in the intervention group, but only on the post-test analysis. The intervention did not improve the performance of instrumental ADLs or depression or anxiety levels. Conclusion: The findings showed cognitive improvements in an elderly population with MCI in the short and medium-term and improved basic ADLs in the short term. Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03831061.

scholarly journals Association of the C47T Polymorphism in SOD2 with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease in Carriers of the APOEε4 Allele

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gamarra ◽  
Xabier Elcoroaristizabal ◽  
Manuel Fernández-Martínez ◽  
Marian M. de Pancorbo
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Increased Risk

Oxidative stress plays an important part in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), the prodromal phase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent evidence shows that polymorphisms in theSOD2gene affect the elimination of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in mitochondria. The aim of this study was to determine whether the functional rs4880 SNP in theSOD2gene is a risk factor associated with aMCI and sporadic AD. 216 subjects with aMCI, 355 with AD, and 245 controls have been studied. The SNP rs4880 of theSOD2gene was genotyped by RT-PCR and theAPOEgenotype was determined by PCR and RFLPs. Different multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the risk levels for aMCI and AD. Although the T allele of the SOD2 rs4880 SNP gene (rs4880-T) is not an independent risk for aMCI or AD, this allele increases the risk to aMCI patients carrying at least one APOEε4 allele. Moreover, rs4880-T allele and APOEε4 allele combination has been found to produce an increased risk for AD compared to aMCI reference patients. These results suggest that APOEε4 and rs4880-T genotype may be a risk for aMCI and a predictor of progression from aMCI to AD.

scholarly journals Potential effect of amyloid imaging on diagnosis and intended management of patients with cognitive decline: impact of appropriate use criterion

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. S10-S10 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Dell’Agnello ◽  
MJ Pontecorvo ◽  
A Siderowf ◽  
M Lu ◽  
C Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Amyloid Pet ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Provisional Diagnosis ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mci Due To Ad

Background: Appropriate use criteria (AUC; Johnson et al, 2013) provide guidelines for selecting patients for whom amyloid PET could be useful. This study evaluated the impact of amyloid PET on diagnosis/management in patients likely to meet AUC. Methods: We examined 229 cases from a completed study of florbetapir amyloid PET (FBP-PET) in patients with a cognitive decline evaluation in whom Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) was suspected, but with <85% confidence in the diagnosis. All cases received a provisional diagnosis and management prior to FBP-PET. Information for 172 cases after 3-months’ follow-up was also available on actual diagnosis/management post-FBP-PET. Cases were classified as likely meeting AUC (AUC-like) or not. Results: 125/229(55%) subjects were AUC-like. NonAUC cases included typical AD, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) due to AD, Cognitive Decline without objective evidence of impairment (CD) and dementia or cognitive impairment with specific nonAD diagnosis. 59/125(47%) AUC-like cases were amyloid positive (Aβ+). Among nonAUC cases, 29% (CD), 49%(MCI due to AD), 53%(non-AD) and 73%(typical AD) were Aβ+. Of 172 cases with follow-up information, diagnosis/management changed after FBP-PET in 58%/88% and 45%/77% of AUC-like and nonAUC, respectively. Conclusions: FBP-PET altered diagnosis/management in patients selected according to AUC. Additionally, AUC generally excluded patients with a relatively high (typical AD) or low (CD) probability of Aβ+ scan.

scholarly journals Predictors of Mild Cognitive Impairment Stability, Progression, or Reversion in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Miles Welstead ◽  
Michelle Luciano ◽  
Graciela Muniz-Terrera ◽  
Stina Saunders ◽  
Donncha S. Mullin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) describes a borderland between healthy cognition and dementia. Progression to and reversion from MCI is relatively common but more research is required to understand the factors affecting this fluidity and improve clinical care interventions. Objective: We explore these transitions in MCI status and their predictive factors over a six-year period in a highly-phenotyped longitudinal study, the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Methods: MCI status was derived in the LBC1936 at ages 76 (n = 567) and 82 years (n = 341) using NIA-AA diagnostic guidelines. Progressions and reversions between healthy cognition and MCI over the follow-up period were assessed. Multinomial logistic regression assessed the effect of various predictors on the likelihood of progressing, reverting, or maintaining cognitive status. Results: Of the 292 participants who completed both time points, 41 (14%) participants had MCI at T1 and 56 (19%) at T2. Over the follow-up period, 74%remained cognitively healthy, 12%transitioned to MCI, 7%reverted to healthy cognition, and 7%maintained their baseline MCI status. Findings indicated that membership of these transition groups was affected by age, cardiovascular disease, and number of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Findings that higher baseline depressive symptoms increase the likelihood of reverting from MCI to healthy cognition indicate that there may be an important role for the treatment of depression for those with MCI. However, further research is required to identify prevention strategies for those at high risk of MCI and inform effective interventions that increase the likelihood of reversion to, and maintenance of healthy cognition.

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