scholarly journals Embolization of Sacral Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Case Series and Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Alvarado ◽  
Diogo C. Haussen ◽  
Koji Ebersole ◽  
Raul G. Nogueira ◽  
Michael G. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Intraoperative Monitoring ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Embolic Agent ◽  
Spinal Angiography ◽  
Lower Extremity Weakness ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Embolization Treatment ◽  
Rare Location

The authors report 2 cases of sacral dural arteriovenous fistula (AVF) presenting with gradual neurologic decline characterized by progressive lower extremity weakness and bowel and bladder incontinence. Spinal angiography demonstrated a sacral dural AVF with perimedullary vein engorgement and drainage extending to the level of the cervical spine in both cases. The fistulas were completely obliterated with n-BCA (n-butyl cyanoacrylate) embolic agent in one case, and with ethylene vinyl alcohol (Onyx) in the second, resulting in improvement of the symptoms in both patients. The unique features of this case report include the rare location of the fistula's origin, the necessity for complete spinal angiography, and the use of intraoperative monitoring in one case to guide embolization treatment.

Late diagnosis of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas resulting in severe lower-extremity weakness: a case series

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e39-e44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivelin Iovtchev ◽  
Nurith Hiller ◽  
Yona Ofran ◽  
Isabella Schwartz ◽  
Jose Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Late Diagnosis ◽  
Lower Extremity Weakness ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas

scholarly journals Transarterial venous sinus occlusion of dural arteriovenous fistulas using ONYX

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin M Torok ◽  
Raul G Nogueira ◽  
Albert J Yoo ◽  
Thabele M Leslie-Mazwi ◽  
Joshua A Hirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Venous Sinus ◽  
Dural Sinus ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Sinus Wall ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas

Purpose The purpose of this article is to present a case series of transarterial venous sinus occlusion for dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses. Materials and methods From 2006 to 2012, 11 patients with DAVF of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses were treated with transarterial closure of the affected venous sinus using ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (ONYX). The consecutive retrospective cohort included six female and five male patients with an age range of 30–79. Patients presented with stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, seizure, headache, focal neurologic deficit or cognitive change. Lesions were categorized as Cognard II a + b ( n = 5) or Cognard II b ( n = 6). Four of this latter group consisted of isolated sinus segments. Selection criteria for dural sinus occlusion included direct multi-hole fistulas involving a broad surface in length or circumference of the sinus wall. External carotid artery (ECA) branches were directly embolized when considered safe. High-risk arterial supply from ICA, PICA, AICA or ECA cranial nerve branches were closed via retrograde approach during sinus occlusion. Results DAVF closure was accomplished in all 11 patients with a total of 17 embolization procedures using ONYX. High-risk arterial collaterals were closed via artery-artery or artery-sinus-artery embolization. The vein of Labbe was spared in the four cases with initial antegrade flow. No neurologic complications occurred, and DAVF closures were durable on three-month angiography. Conclusion Transarterial closure of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses.

scholarly journals Clinical and angioarchitectural characteristics of spinal vascular malformations of the cervical spine

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Brinjikji ◽  
Elisa Colombo ◽  
Giuseppe Lanzino
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Lower Extremity Weakness ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Spinal Vascular Malformations ◽  
Interventional Neuroradiologist

OBJECTIVEVascular malformations of the cervical spine are exceedingly rare. To date there have been no large case series describing the clinical presentation and angioarchitectural characteristics of cervical spine vascular malformations. The authors report their institutional case series on cervical spine vascular malformations diagnosed and treated at their institution.METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed all patients with spinal vascular malformations from their institution from January 2001 to December 2018. Patients with vascular malformations of the cervical spine were included. Lesions were characterized by their angioarchitectural characteristics by an interventional neuroradiologist and endovascular neurosurgeon. Data were collected on clinical presentation, imaging findings, treatment outcomes, and long-term follow-up. Descriptive statistics are reported.RESULTSOf a total of 213 patients with spinal vascular malformations, 27 (12.7%) had vascular malformations in the cervical spine. The mean patient age was 46.1 ± 21.9 years and 16 (59.3%) were male. The most common presentations were lower-extremity weakness (13 patients, 48.1%), tetraparesis (8 patients, 29.6%), and lower-extremity sensory dysfunction (7 patients, 25.9%). Nine patients (33.3%) presented with hemorrhage. Fifteen patients (55.6%) had modified Rankin Scale scores of 0–2 at the time of diagnosis. Regarding angioarchitectural characteristics, 8 patients (29.6%) had intramedullary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), 5 (18.5%) had epidural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), 4 (14.8%) had paraspinal fistulas, 4 (14.8%) had mixed epidural/intradural fistulas, 3 (11.1%) had perimedullary AVMs, 2 (7.4%) had dural fistulas, and 1 patient (3.7%) had a perimedullary AVF.CONCLUSIONSThis retrospective study of 27 patients with cervical spine vascular malformations is the largest series to date on these lesions. The authors found substantial angioarchitectural heterogeneity with the most common types being intramedullary AVMs followed by epidural AVFs, paraspinal fistulas, and mixed intradural/extradural fistulas. Angioarchitecture dictated the clinical presentation as intradural shunts were more likely to present with hemorrhage and acute onset myelopathy, while dural and extradural shunts presented as either incidental lesions or gradually progressive congestive myelopathy.

Clinical presentation and prognostic factors of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: an overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. E17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Fugate ◽  
Giuseppe Lanzino ◽  
Alejandro A. Rabinstein
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Intramedullary Spinal Cord ◽  
Lower Extremity Weakness ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Signal Abnormality ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Sensory Disturbances ◽  
Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), the most common type of spinal cord vascular malformation, can be a challenge to diagnose and treat promptly. The disorder is rare, and the presenting clinical symptoms and signs are nonspecific and insidious at onset. Spinal dural AVFs preferentially affect middle-aged men, and patients most commonly present with gait abnormality or lower-extremity weakness and sensory disturbances. Symptoms gradually progress or decline in a stepwise manner and are commonly associated with pain and sphincter disturbances. Surgical or endovascular disconnection of the fistula has a high success rate with a low rate of morbidity. Motor symptoms are most likely to improve after treatment, followed by sensory disturbances, and lastly sphincter disturbances. Patients with severe neurological deficits at presentation tend to have worse posttreatment functional outcomes than those with mild or moderate pretreatment disability. However, improvement or stabilization of symptoms is seen in the vast majority of treated patients, and thus treatment is justified even in patients with substantial neurological deficits. The extent of intramedullary spinal cord T2 signal abnormality does not correlate with outcomes and should not be used as a prognostic factor.

scholarly journals Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula embolization with ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer using the Scepter Mini dual-lumen balloon

2020 ◽  
pp. neurintsurg-2020-016395
Author(s):  
Frédéric Clarençon ◽  
Eimad Shotar ◽  
Arnaud Pouvelle ◽  
Kevin Premat ◽  
Stéphanie Lenck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Embolic Agent ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Liquid Embolic Agent ◽  
Av Fistulas ◽  
Spinal Epidural

Left unattended, spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (EAVFs) have a potentially severe clinical course. Embolization using ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers through regular dual-lumen balloons has emerged as a potential option for the treatment of spinal arteriovenous (AV) fistulas;1–3 the main issue with this technique is the navigability of these balloons. The Scepter Mini is a low-profile, dual-lumen balloon, which may be helpful for EVOH embolization of spinal AV fistulas, as it may help to overcome the navigation drawbacks. In this technical video, we present a case of EVOH embolization of a right T6 spinal EAVF through a Scepter Mini balloon. Of note, particular attention should be paid to radiculomedullary arteries arising at the same level or at adjacent levels to avoid severe neurologic complications related to uncontrolled migration of the liquid embolic agent. Moreover, excessive use of embolic material should be avoided to prevent spinal cord compression (video 1).Video 1

scholarly journals Intracranial hemorrhage from dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical features and outcome

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. E15 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Daniels ◽  
Ananth K. Vellimana ◽  
Gregory J. Zipfel ◽  
Giuseppe Lanzino
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas

Object In this paper the authors' goal was to review the clinical features and outcome of patients with intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) who presented with hemorrhage. Methods A retrospective study of 28 patients with DAVFs who presented with intracranial hemorrhage to 2 separate institutions was performed. The information reviewed included clinical presentation, location and size of hemorrhage, angiographic features, treatment, and clinical and radiologically documented outcomes. Clinical and radiological follow-up were available in 27 of 28 patients (mean follow-up 17 months). Results The vast majority of patients were male (86%), and the most common presenting symptom was sudden-onset headache. All DAVFs had cortical venous drainage, and about one-third were associated with a venous varix. The most common location was tentorial (75%). Treatment ranged from endovascular (71%), surgical (43%), Gamma Knife surgery (4%), or a combination of modalities. The majority of fistulas (75%) were completely obliterated, and most patients experienced excellent clinical outcome (71%, modified Rankin Scale score of 0 or 1). There were no complications in this series. Conclusions Case series, including the current one, suggest that the vast majority of patients who present with intracranial hemorrhage from a DAVF are male. The most common location for DAVFs presenting with hemorrhage is tentorial. Excellent outcomes are achieved with individualized treatment, which includes various therapeutic strategies alone or in combination. Despite the hemorrhagic presentation, almost two-thirds of patients experience a full recovery with no or minimal residual symptoms.

scholarly journals Open and endovascular treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: a 10-year experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Koch ◽  
Christopher J. Stapleton ◽  
Pankaj K. Agarwalla ◽  
Collin Torok ◽  
John H. Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Endovascular Embolization ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Type I ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas

OBJECTIVE Vascular malformations of the spine represent rare clinical entities with profound neurological implications. Previously reported studies on management strategies for spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (sDAVFs) appeared before the advent of modern liquid embolic agents. Authors of the present study review their institutional experience with endovascularly and surgically treated sDAVFs. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective, observational, single-center case series on sDAVFs treated with endovascular embolization, microsurgical occlusion, or both between 2004 and 2013. The mode, efficacy, and clinical effect of treatment were evaluated. RESULTS Forty-seven patients with spinal arteriovenous malformations were evaluated using spinal angiography, which demonstrated 34 Type I sDAVFs (thoracic 20, lumbar 12, and cervical 2). Twenty-nine of the patients (85%) were male, and the median patient age was 63.3 years. Twenty patients underwent primary endovascular embolization (16 Onyx, 4 N-butyl cyanoacrylate [NBCA]), and 14 underwent primary surgical clipping. At a mean follow-up of 36 weeks, according to angiography or MR angiography, 5 patients treated with endovascular embolization demonstrated persistent arteriovenous shunting, whereas none of the surgically treated patients showed lesion persistence (p = 0.0237). Thirty patients (88%) experienced some resolution of their presenting symptoms (embolization 17 [85%], surgery 13 [93%], p = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS Microsurgical occlusion remains the most definitive treatment modality for sDAVFs, though modern endovascular techniques remain a viable option for the initial treatment of anatomically amenable lesions. Treatment of these lesions usually results in some clinical improvement.

Transvenous Embolization of Ethmoidal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Case Series and Review of the Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. e786-e793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Limbucci ◽  
Giuseppe Leone ◽  
Sergio Nappini ◽  
Andrea Rosi ◽  
Leonardo Renieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Transvenous Embolization ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas

scholarly journals Endovascular management of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. E15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walavan Sivakumar ◽  
Gabriel Zada ◽  
Parham Yashar ◽  
Steven L. Giannotta ◽  
George Teitelbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Endovascular Embolization ◽  
Embolic Agent ◽  
Endovascular Management ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Spinal Vascular Malformations ◽  
Embolic Agents ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas

Object Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are the most common spinal vascular malformations and can be a significant cause of myelopathy, yet remain inefficiently diagnosed lesions. Over the last several decades, the treatment of spinal DAVFs has improved tremendously due to improvements in neuroimaging, microsurgical, and endovascular techniques. The aim of this paper was to review the existing literature regarding the clinical characteristics, classification, and endovascular management of spinal DAVFs. Methods A search of the PubMed database from the National Library of Medicine and reference lists of all relevant articles was conducted to identify all studies pertaining to spinal DAVFs, spinal dural fistulas, and spinal vascular malformations, with particular attention to endovascular management and outcomes. Results The ability to definitively treat spinal DAVFs using endovascular embolization has significantly improved over the last several decades. Overall rates of definitive embolization of spinal DAVFs have ranged between 25 and 100%, depending in part on the embolic agent used and the use of variable stiffness microcatheters. The majority of recent studies in which N-butyl cyanoacrylate or other liquid embolic agents were used have reported success rates of 70–90%. Surgical treatment remains the definitive option in cases of failed embolization, repeated recanalization, or lesions not amenable to embolization. Clinical outcomes have been comparable to surgical treatment when the fistula and draining vein remain persistently occluded. Improvements in gait and motor function are more likely following successful treatment, whereas micturition symptoms are less likely to improve. Conclusions Endovascular embolization is an increasingly effective therapy in the treatment of spinal DAVFs, and can be used as a definitive intervention in the majority of patients that undergo modern endovascular intervention. A multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of these lesions is required, as surgery is required for refractory cases or those not amenable to embolization. Newer embolic agents, such as Onyx, hold significant promise for future therapy, yet long-term follow-up studies are required.

scholarly journals Endovascular Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematomas through Embolization: A Pilot Study with a Non-Adhesive Liquid Embolic Agent of Minimal Viscosity (Squid)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4436
Author(s):  
Andrey Petrov ◽  
Arkady Ivanov ◽  
Larisa Rozhchenko ◽  
Anna Petrova ◽  
Pervinder Bhogal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Middle Meningeal Artery ◽  
Endovascular Embolization ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Embolic Agent ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Subdural Hematomas

Objective: Endovascular embolization using non-adhesive agents (e.g., ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer with suspended micronized tantalum dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide; Squid, Balt Extrusion) is an established treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations, dural arteriovenous fistulas, and hypervascular neoplasms. Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization is a relatively new concept for treating chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the use of Squid in the endovascular treatment of CSDH. Methods: Embolization was offered to patients with CSDH with minimal or moderate neurological deficits and patients who had previously undergone open surgery to evacuate their CSDH without a significant effect. Distal catheterization of the MMA was followed by embolization of the hematoma capsule with Squid 12 or Squid 18. Safety endpoints were ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and any other adverse event of the endovascular procedure. Efficacy endpoints were the feasibility of the intended procedure and a ≥ 50% reduction of the maximum depth of the CSDH confirmed by follow-up computed tomography (CT) after >3 months. Results: Between November 2019 and July 2021, 10 patients (3 female and 7 male, age range 42–89 years) were enrolled. Five patients had bilateral hematomas, and five patients had previously been operated on with no significant effect and recurrent hematoma formation. The attempted embolization was technically possible in all patients. No technical or clinical complication was encountered. During a post-procedural follow-up (median 90 days), 10 patients improved clinically. A complete resolution of the CSDH was observed in 10 patients. The clinical condition of all enrolled patients during the so-far last contact was rated mRS 0 or 1. Conclusion: A distal catheterization of the MMA for the endovascular embolization of CSDH with Squid allowed for the devascularization of the MMA and the dependent vessels of the hematoma capsule. This procedure resulted in a partial or complete resolution of the CSDH. Procedural complications were not encountered.

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