scholarly journals Non-Pulmonary Immune Functions of Surfactant Proteins A and D

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Ujma ◽  
William G.C. Horsnell ◽  
Arieh A. Katz ◽  
Howard W. Clark ◽  
Georgia Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Surfactant Proteins ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Essential Components

Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are established as essential components of our innate immune system for protecting the lung from pathogens and allergens. They essentially exert their protective functions by regulating pulmonary homeostasis. Both proteins are however widely expressed throughout the body, including the female reproductive tract, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, the eye, ear, nasal compartment, central nervous system, the coronary artery and the skin. The functions of SP-A and SP-D at these sites are a relatively underinvestigated area, but it is emerging that both SP-A and SP-D contribute significantly to the regulation of inflammation and protection from infection at these sites. This review presents our current understanding of the roles of SP-A and SP-D in non-pulmonary sites.

Microglia-Astrocyte Crosstalk: An Intimate Molecular Conversation

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mithilesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Myungjin Jo ◽  
Jae-Hong Kim ◽  
Kyoungho Suk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Reactive Astrocytes ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Neuronal Functions

Microglia-astrocyte crosstalk has recently been at the forefront of glial research. Emerging evidence illustrates that microglia- and astrocyte-derived signals are the functional determinants for the fates of astrocytes and microglia, respectively. By releasing diverse signaling molecules, both microglia and astrocytes establish autocrine feedback and their bidirectional conversation for a tight reciprocal modulation during central nervous system (CNS) insult or injury. Microglia, the constant sensors of changes in the CNS microenvironment and restorers of tissue homeostasis, not only serve as the primary immune cells of the CNS but also regulate the innate immune functions of astrocytes. Similarly, microglia determine the functions of reactive astrocytes, ranging from neuroprotective to neurotoxic. Conversely, astrocytes through their secreted molecules regulate microglial phenotypes and functions ranging from motility to phagocytosis. Altogether, the microglia-astrocyte crosstalk is fundamental to neuronal functions and dysfunctions. This review discusses the current understanding of the intimate molecular conversation between microglia and astrocytes and outlines its potential implications in CNS health and disease.

scholarly journals UNC-45A Is Highly Expressed in the Proliferative Cells of the Mouse Genital Tract and in the Microtubule-Rich Areas of the Mouse Nervous System

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1604
Author(s):  
Valentino Clemente ◽  
Asumi Hoshino ◽  
Joyce Meints ◽  
Mihir Shetty ◽  
Tim Starr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ciliated Epithelium ◽  
Actomyosin Contractility ◽  
Cancer Initiation

UNC-45A (Protein unc-45 homolog A) is a cytoskeletal-associated protein with a dual and non-mutually exclusive role as a regulator of the actomyosin system and a Microtubule (MT)-destabilizing protein, which is overexpressed in human cancers including in ovarian cancer patients resistant to the MT-stabilizing drug paclitaxel. Mapping of UNC-45A in the mouse upper genital tract and central nervous system reveals its enrichment not only in highly proliferating and prone to remodeling cells, but also in microtubule-rich areas, of the ovaries and the nervous system, respectively. In both apparatuses, UNC-45A is also abundantly expressed in the ciliated epithelium. As regulators of actomyosin contractility and MT stability are essential for the physiopathology of the female reproductive tract and of neuronal development, our findings suggest that UNC-45A may have a role in ovarian cancer initiation and development as well as in neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Innate Immunity and Neuroinflammation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Shastri ◽  
Domenico Marco Bonifati ◽  
Uday Kishore
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Chronic Neuroinflammation

Inflammation of central nervous system (CNS) is usually associated with trauma and infection. Neuroinflammation occurs in close relation to trauma, infection, and neurodegenerative diseases. Low-level neuroinflammation is considered to have beneficial effects whereas chronic neuroinflammation can be harmful. Innate immune system consisting of pattern-recognition receptors, macrophages, and complement system plays a key role in CNS homeostasis following injury and infection. Here, we discuss how innate immune components can also contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals UNC-45A is Highly Expressed in the Proliferative Cells of the Mouse Genital Tract and in the Microtubule-Rich Areas of the Mouse Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentino Clemente ◽  
Asumi Hoshino ◽  
Joyce Meints ◽  
Mihir Shetty ◽  
Tim Starr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ciliated Epithelium ◽  
Cancer Initiation

AbstractUNC-45A is a cytoskeletal-associated protein with a dual and non-mutually exclusive role as a regulator of the acto-myosin system and as a Microtubule (MT)-destabilizing protein. UNC-45A is overexpressed in human cancers including in ovarian cancer patients resistant to the MT-stabilizing drug Paclitaxel. Mapping of UNC-45A in the mouse upper genital tract and central nervous system reveals its enrichment in highly proliferating and prone to remodeling cells and in microtubule-rich areas of in the ovaries and in neurons respectively. In both apparatuses UNC-45A is also abundantly expressed in the ciliated epithelium. Because regulators of acto-myosin contractility and MT stability are essential for the physiopathology of the female reproductive tract and of neuronal development our findings suggest that UNC-45A may have a role in ovarian cancer initiation and development and in neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Selective Impact of HIV Disease Progression on the Innate Immune System in the Human Female Reproductive Tract

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e38100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Lahey ◽  
Mimi Ghosh ◽  
John V. Fahey ◽  
Zheng Shen ◽  
Lucy R. Mukura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Human Female

scholarly journals Innate immunity and disorders of the female reproductive tract

Reproduction ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W Horne ◽  
Sarah J Stock ◽  
Anne E King
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Tubal Infertility ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Sexually transmitted infections, and their associated sequelae, such as tubal infertility, ectopic pregnancy and preterm labour, are a major worldwide health problem. Chlamydia trachomatis infection is thought to be the leading global cause of tubal infertility and tubal ectopic pregnancy. Preterm birth occurs in around 10% of all deliveries, and nearly 30% of preterm deliveries are associated with intrauterine infection. The mucosal innate immune system of the female reproductive tract has evolved to eliminate such sexually transmitted pathogens whilst maintaining its ability to accommodate specialized physiological functions that include menstruation, fertilization, implantation, pregnancy and parturition. The aim of this review was to describe the role and distribution of key mediators of the innate immune system, the natural antimicrobial peptides (secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, elafin and the defensins) and the pattern recognition toll-like receptors in the normal female reproductive tract and in the context of these pathological processes.

Characteristics of the dynamics of the central nervous system and att ention function in workers of shoe production

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
F. L. Azizova ◽  
U. A. Boltaboev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Women Workers ◽  
Functional State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conflict Of Interests ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Universal Device ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Working Day

The features of production factors established at the main workplaces of shoe production are considered. The materials on the results of the study of the functional state of the central nervous system of women workers of shoe production in the dynamics of the working day are presented. The level of functional state of the central nervous system was determined by the speed of visual and auditory-motor reactions, installed using the universal device chronoreflexometer. It was revealed that in the body of workers of shoe production there is an early development of inhibitory processes in the central nervous system, which is expressed in an increase in the number of errors when performing tasks on proofreading tables. It was found that the most pronounced shift s in auditory-motor responses were observed in professional groups, where higher levels of noise were registered in the workplace. The correlation analysis showed a close direct relationship between the growth of mistakes made in the market and the decrease in production. An increase in the time spent on the task indicates the occurrence and growth of production fatigue.Funding. The study had no funding.Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

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