Genomic and Cytogenetic Localization of the Carotenoid Genes in the Aphid Genome

2016 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Mandrioli ◽  
Veronica Rivi ◽  
Andrea Nardelli ◽  
Gian Carlo Manicardi
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Fragile Sites ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
In Situ Pcr ◽  
Carotenoid Genes

Data published in the scientific literature suggests a possible link between chromosomal rearrangements involving autosomes 1 and 3 and the presence of red morphs in the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer). In order to begin a study of this relationship, we analysed the genomic and chromosomal location of genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis in M. persicae and the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), since carotenoids are the basis of the colour in many aphid species. Genomic analysis identified a DNA sequence containing carotenoid genes in synteny between the 2 species. According to the results obtained using in situ PCR, carotenoid genes were located in a subterminal portion of autosome 1 in both species. The same localization has also been observed in the onion aphid Neotoxoptera formosana Takahashi that, as M. persicae and A. pisum, belongs to the tribe Macrosiphini, thereby suggesting a synteny of this chromosomal region in aphids. In situ PCR experiments performed on 2 M. persicae asexual lineages bearing heterozygous translocations involving autosomes 1 and 3 revealed that carotenoid genes were located within chromosomal portions involved in recurrent rearrangements. We also verified by bioinformatics analyses the presence of fragile sites that could explain these recurrent rearrangements in M. persicae.

scholarly journals Visualization and Direct Counting of Individual Denitrifying Bacterial Cells in Soil by nirK-Targeted Direct in situ PCR

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Ryuda ◽  
Tomoyoshi Hashimoto ◽  
Daisuke Ueno ◽  
Koichi Inoue ◽  
Takashi Someya
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
In Situ Pcr ◽  
Direct Counting

scholarly journals HistoMosaic Detecting KRAS G12V Mutation Across Colorectal Cancer Tissue Slices through in Situ PCR

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 2792-2798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Raub ◽  
Chen-Chung Lee ◽  
Darryl Shibata ◽  
Clive Taylor ◽  
Emil Kartalov
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
In Situ Pcr ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Tissue

Comparative study of solution phase RT-PCR and RT in situ PCR for HCV RNA in HCV infected patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Zs. Simon ◽  
G. Lotz ◽  
B. Nemes ◽  
F. Szalav ◽  
G. Lengyel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Solution Phase ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
In Situ Pcr

scholarly journals Break–apart interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization assay in papillary thyroid carcinoma: on the road to optimizing the cut-off level for RET/PTC rearrangements

2015 ◽  
Vol 172 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Colato ◽  
Caterina Vicentini ◽  
Silvia Cantara ◽  
Serena Pedron ◽  
Paolo Brazzarola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
On The Road

ObjectiveChromosomal rearrangements of theRETproto-oncogene is one of the most common molecular events in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, their pathogenic role and clinical significance are still debated. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of RET/PTC rearrangement in a cohort ofBRAFWT PTCs by fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH) and to search a reliable cut-off level in order to distinguish clonal or non-clonal RET changes.DesignFortyBRAFWT PTCs were analyzed by FISH for RET rearrangements. As controls, sixBRAFV600E mutated PTCs, 13 follicular adenomas (FA), and ten normal thyroid parenchyma were also analyzed.MethodsWe performed FISH analysis on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue using a commercially available RET break–apart probe. A cut-off level equivalent to 10.2% of aberrant cells was accepted as significant. To validate FISH results, we analyzed the study cohort by qRT-PCR.ResultsSplit RET signals above the cut-off level were observed in 25% (10/40) of PTCs, harboring a percentage of positive cells ranging from 12 to 50%, and in one spontaneous FA (1/13, 7.7%). Overall, the data obtained by FISH matched well with qRT-PCR results. Challenging findings were observed in five cases showing a frequency of rearrangement very close to the cut-off.ConclusionsFISH approach represents a powerful tool to estimate the ratio between broken and non-broken RET tumor cells. Establishing a precise FISH cut-off may be useful in the interpretation of the presence of RET rearrangement, primarily when this strategy is used for cytological evaluation or for targeted therapy.

Probiotics and prebiotics — renaissance of a therapeutic principle

Open Medicine ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premysl Fric
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Probiotic Strains

AbstractProbiotics are nonpathogenic microorganisms mostly of human origin which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host and enable to prevent or improve some diseases. Probiotics may be a natural temporary constituent of the resident intestinal microflora, but their concentration is not sufficient for therapeutic purposes. The microbiota, the intestinal epithelium, and the mucosal immune system constitute the gastrointestinal ecosystem. All three components are essential for complete functional and developmental maturity of the system. The viability of intestinal microflora (including probiotic strains) requires the availability of nutritional substrates (prebiotics), i.e. various types of fiber and oligosaccharides. Prebiotics are cleaved by microbial enzymes to numerous substances (short-chain fatty acids, aminoacids, polyamines, growth factors, vitamins and antioxidants) indispensable for metabolic and functional activities of the intestinal mucosa. The principal probiotics in use include lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, some nonpathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, and Saccharomyces boulardii. These microbiota display favourable effects which qualify them for therapeutic use. For this purpose, probiotics have to fulfill a series of requirements verifying their efficacy and safety. Experimental and clinical studies examine the prerequisites for the administration of probiotics in digestive diseases, allergic and atopic affections, as well as in some extraintestinal conditions. Future goals of probiotic application include genomic analysis, controlled postnatal colonisation of the digestive tract, the use of probiotics as carriers of peroral vaccines, and recombinant probiotics with in-situ production and targeted application of therapeutic molecules.

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