Driving and Incidence of Functional Limitation in Older People: A Prospective Population-Based Study

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Shimada ◽  
Hyuma Makizako ◽  
Kota Tsutsumimoto ◽  
Ryo Hotta ◽  
Sho Nakakubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Driving Cessation ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Elderly Cohort

Background: Many studies have examined the negative social and health consequences of driving cessation in later life. However, whether the transition to driving cessation results in the incidence of functional limitation in older people remains unclear. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether driving cessation was associated with the incidence of functional limitation in older Japanese individuals. Methods: The study included 3,556 participants (mean age: 71.5 ± 5.3 years, 50.2% women) enrolled in the ‘Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly' cohort study between August 2011 and February 2012. The participants were classified into three groups according to their driving status: driving, driving cessation, and nondriving. We assessed new incidence of functional limitation over a 24- month period and examined several confounding factors. Results: The incidence rates for functional limitation in the driving, driving cessation, and nondriving groups were 0.9, 10.8, and 5.6%, respectively (p < 0.001). The fully adjusted Cox proportional hazard model showed that hazard ratios (HRs) for functional limitation in nondrivers [HR: 2.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27-4.44] and those who had ceased driving (HR: 7.80, 95% CI: 2.61-23.36) were significantly higher relative to those observed in current drivers. Conclusion: Driving cessation exerted a strong impact on the risk of functional limitation. Further study is required to determine appropriate intervention strategies to help older people to maintain the abilities required for safe driving and delay the functional limitation associated with driving cessation.

Epidemiology of first and recurrent venous thromboembolism: A population-based cohort study in patients without active cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (08) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander T. Cohen ◽  
Luke Bamber ◽  
Stephan Rietbrock ◽  
Carlos Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Recurrent Vte ◽  
Active Cancer

SummaryContemporary data from population studies on the incidence and complications of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are limited. An observational cohort study was undertaken to estimate the incidence of first and recurrent VTE. The cohort was identified from all patients in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) with additional linked information on hospitalisation and cause of death. Between 2001 and 2011, patients with first VTE were identified and the subset without active cancer-related VTE observed for up to 10 years for recurrent VTE. The 10-year cumulative incidence rates (CIR) were derived with adjustment for mortality as a competing risk event. A total of 35,373 first VTE events (12,073 provoked, 16,708 unprovoked and 6592 active cancer-associated VTE) among 26.9 million person-years of observation were identified. The overall incidence rate (IR) of VTE was 131.5 (95% CI, 130.2–132.9) per 100,000 person-years and 107.0 (95% CI, 105.8–108.2) after excluding cancer-associated VTE. DVT was more common in the young and PE was more common in the elderly. VTE recurrence occurred in 3671 (CIR 25.2%). The IR for recurrence peaked in the first six months at around 11 per 100 person years. It levelled out after three years and then remained at around 2 per 100 person years from year 4–10 of follow-up. The IRs for recurrences were particularly high in young men. In conclusion, VTE is common and associated with high recurrence rates. Effort is required to prevent VTE and to reduce recurrences.

Incidence of Skull Fractures in Olmsted County, Minnesota

Neurosurgery ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Lloyd Nelson ◽  
Joseph L. Melton ◽  
John F. Annegers ◽  
Edward R. Laws ◽  
Kenneth P. Offord
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Skull Fractures ◽  
Olmsted County ◽  
Type Motor

Abstract Between 1935 and 1974, 3598 episodes of head trauma among Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents resulted in 1097 skull fractures. Of these, 53% were simple, 16% were depressed, 12% were compound, and 19% were basilar. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of skull fractures was 44.3 per 100,000 person-years overall, was somewhat greater in the urban than in the rural areas of Olmsted County, and was relatively stable for the final 30 years of the study. Age-specific incidence rates were highest for the very young, and simple linear fractures were the predominant type of skull fracture in this age group and among the elderly. The male:female ratio of incidence rates varied from 2.1:1 to 4.5:1 depending on fracture type. Motor vehicle accidents accounted for 38% of the skull fractures and were a particularly important cause among young males. Falls accounted for 37% of the skull fractures and were the major cause of fractures in the elderly and pediatric age groups. The results of this population-based study may be helpful in formulating recommendations for the evaluation and management of head-injured patients.

scholarly journals Incidence of atrial fibrillation in different major cancer subtypes: a Nationwide population-based 12 year follow up study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Boegh Jakobsen ◽  
Morten Lamberts ◽  
Nicholas Carlson ◽  
Morten Lock-Hansen ◽  
Christian Torp-Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
General Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background The prevalence of both atrial fibrillation (AF) and malignancies are increasing in the elderly, but incidences of new onset AF in different cancer subtypes are not well described.The objectives of this study were therefore to determine the incidence of AF in different cancer subtypes and to examine the association of cancer and future AF. Methods Using national databases, the Danish general population was followed from 2000 until 2012. Every individual aged > 18 years and with no history of cancer or AF prior to study start was included. Incidence rates of new onset AF were identified and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of AF in cancer patients were calculated in an adjusted Poisson regression model. Results A total of 4,324,545 individuals were included in the study. Cancer was diagnosed in 316,040 patients. The median age of the cancer population was 67.0 year and 51.5% were females. Incidences of AF were increased in all subtypes of cancer. For overall cancer, the incidence was 17.4 per 1000 person years (PY) vs 3.7 per 1000 PY in the general population and the difference increased with age. The covariate adjusted IRR for AF in overall cancer was 1.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44–1.48). The strength of the association declined with time from cancer diagnosis (IRR0-90days = 3.41 (3.29–3.54), (IRR-180 days-1 year = 1.57 (CI 1.50–1.64) and (IRR2–5 years = 1.12 (CI 1.09–1.15). Conclusions In this nationwide cohort study we observed that all major cancer subtypes were associated with an increased incidence of AF. Further, cancer and AF might be independently associated.

scholarly journals AGING SUPPORT, HEALTH, AND WELL-BEING OF THE ELDERLY IN CHINA AND JAPAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S602-S603
Author(s):  
Emma Zang ◽  
Yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Family Care ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthy Longevity ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Countries in East Asia have the largest aging population in the world. The consequences of aging largely depend on whether it is accompanied by a healthy, active, and high-quality life. This symposium aims to gain a better understanding of aging support and determinants of health in the contexts of two major East Asian countries - China and Japan. We will present new research using data from the Fukui Longitudinal Caregiver Study (FLCS) in Japan, and two most important aging surveys in China – the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), addressing critical topics including retirement, family care, social mobility, and mortality. Song and Smith investigate the impact of hukou change on mental health in later life. Zang examines the effect of a man’s retirement on his wife’s mental and physical health in China. Zhang et al. explore the determinants of mortality in China by conducting a comprehensive analysis of life-course conditions, community characteristics, biological and physical functioning, and disease burden. Zeng et al. compare demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral characteristics and health phenotypes of centenarians in China and Italy. Wakui et al. focus on the emergence of compound caregiving and the relationship of caregiving status to burden, depression, and social support in Japan. The cross-national comparisons will be informative regarding aging in various contexts. We will discuss the potential for further investigations using population-based aging data from different countries.

scholarly journals The impact of traditional filial piety between older people and their children in Taiwan

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Traditional Belief ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
The Impact

Filial piety is a significant traditional belief among Chinese people. However, social structural changes have created a limited number of people available to take care of the elderly. Elderly infirm parents may be sent to nursing homes when no family member is available to take care of them, which may effectively reduce older people’s satisfaction in their later life. It also increases the caring stress from children because of this traditional belief.

Incidence of atrial fibrillation in cancer patients according to cancer type

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S Yang ◽  
M Shim ◽  
S.H Kang ◽  
S.H Kim ◽  
W.J Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Hematologic Cancer ◽  
Korean National Health Insurance ◽  
Elderly Cohort

Abstract Background and objectives The prevalence of both atrial fibrillation (AF) and cancer are increasing especially in the elderly. The occurrence of AF in cancer may be related to comorbidities of patients, cancer treatment, or a direct tumor effect. The objectives of this study were to investigate the incidence of AF according to cancer type. Methods From the Korean National Health Insurance Service elderly (NHIS-elderly) cohort (age &gt;60), we identified 67,077 patients with newly diagnosed cancer and without previous AF. Incidence rates of new onset AF were evaluated. Results The mean age of the cancer patients was 75.1 year and 53.5% were males. During a median follow-up period of 25 months, the incidence rate of AF among overall cancer patients was higher than that of age-sex matched non-cancer population (1.42 vs. 0.69 per 100 person-years, respectively). Compared with solid cancer, the risk of incident AF in patients with hematologic cancer was significantly higher (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39–1.72, p&lt;0.001). Among patients with solid cancer, thoracic (lung cancer, esophageal cancer, mediastinal cancer, etc.) and breast cancer was associated with a higher risk of AF incidence compared with other solid cancer (HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.53–1.76, p&lt;0.001). Conclusions Cancer was associated with an increased incidence of AF. Hematologic cancer was associated with higher risk of AF incidence than solid cancer. Among solid cancer, thoracic and breast cancer was most strongly associated with the risk of AF incidence. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Lifecourse transitions, gender and drinking in later life

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLARE HOLDSWORTH ◽  
MARTIN FRISHER ◽  
MARINA MENDONÇA ◽  
CESAR DE OLIVEIRIA ◽  
HYNEK PIKHART ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Older People ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTOlder people consume less alcohol than any other adult age group. However, in recent years survey data on alcohol consumption in the United Kingdom have shown that while younger age groups have experienced a decline in alcohol consumption, drinking behaviours among the elderly have not reduced in the same way. This paper uses data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing to analyse both the frequency and quantity of older adult's alcohol consumption using a lifecourse approach over a ten-year period. Overall drinking declined over time and the analysis examined how socio-economic characteristics, partnership, employment and health statuses were associated with differences in drinking behaviours and how these changed over time. Higher wealth and level of education were associated with drinking more and drinking more frequently for men and women. Poorer self-rated health was associated with less frequent consumption and older people with poor and deteriorating health reported a steeper decline in the frequency of alcohol consumption over time. Men who were not in a partnership drank more than other men. For women, loss of a partner was associated with a steeper decline in drinking behaviours. These findings have implications for programmes to promote responsible drinking among older adults as they suggest that, for the most part, characteristics associated with sustaining wellbeing in later life are also linked to consuming more alcohol.

Incidence and trends of pancreatic cancer (PC) in Girona: A population-based study from the Girona Cancer Registry (1994-2015).

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 225-225
Author(s):  
Adelaida Garcia-Velasco ◽  
Carmen Carmona ◽  
Antonia Bianca ◽  
Helena Teixidor ◽  
Marc Valero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Registry ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Standard Population ◽  
European Standard Population ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Adjusted Incidence ◽  
Incident Cases

225 Background: PC is the third leading-cause of cancer death in Spain. In this study we aim to investigate PC’s incidence and trends during 1994-2015 in Girona. Methods: Data were extracted from the population-based Girona Cancer Registry. Incident PC cases were classified using the ICD-O-3 Third Edition. Age-adjusted incidence rates (ASRE) to the European standard population and world standard population (ASRW) were obtained. Trends were assessed using the estimated annual percentage of change (EAPC) of the ASRE13. Results: We identified 1590 PC incident cases, 45.8% females and 54.2%. Patients > 64 years old represented a 72.6% of cases. According to histology, epithelial tumors stand for a 44% of cases and neuroendocrine neoplasms represented only the 3% of all cases, being most of PC tumors’ histology non-specified. Cases detected only by death certificates (DCO) were 7.7% in males and 7.4% in females. For the whole study population, crude rate (CR) cancer incidence was 11.26 cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year (12.17 men; 10.34 women). Regarding the ASR, results show an ASRE13 of 12.99 (95% CI 12.36;13.65) and ASRW of 5.58 (95% CI 5.8;13.655.91). Age-specific rates reflected a drastic increase with age, having the population over 85 years the highest rate (74.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year). We also found a significant increase in incidence of PC cases over the study period, with an EAPC of 1.41% per year, present in both men (EAPC = 1.30%) and women (EAPC = 1.37%). Conclusions: Incidence rates of PC in Girona are within the European average, and likewise they have been increasing for the last two decades. There is an increase of incidence in the elderly population reflected in age-specific rates, reason whereby we believe there are a high proportion of unspecific histologies. These results can be used as baseline for further research.

scholarly journals Older People’s Preferences for Housing and Environment Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5723
Author(s):  
Emma Mulliner ◽  
Mike Riley ◽  
Vida Maliene
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ageing In Place ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Age In Place ◽  
Key Drivers

Population ageing presents significant challenges for many countries, one of which is the provision of adequate housing. Developing understanding of the needs and preferences of ageing societies will be crucial in order to assist in the provision of suitable housing and communities that are sustainable in the long term. While a preference to ‘age in place’ is clear in the literature, comparatively less academic research is available on older people’s preferences for more specific housing and environment attributes. The aim of this study is to identify the main housing and environment characteristics that are linked to the health and wellbeing of the elderly and determine the preferences for such characteristics via a survey with UK residents aged 55+. The results indicate a strong preference for independent living and an increasing desire for bungalows in later life. Housing conditions, energy efficiency, thermal comfort, and home adaptions to facilitate ageing in place are particularly important housing characteristics to older people. The location and environment are also key drivers of housing preferences; a safe neighbourhood, accessibility to amenities, public transport, and a clean and walkable environment are particularly important. Preferences varied with age, but gender has a less significant impact on the preferences expressed. The findings of this study will be valuable for stakeholders engaged in housing policy and provision for older people.

scholarly journals Medical costs associated with childhood maltreatment history among Japanese older people

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Isumi ◽  
T Fujiwara ◽  
H Kato ◽  
T Tsuji ◽  
D Takagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Emotional Neglect ◽  
Emotionally Abused

Abstract Background Childhood maltreatment can have a significant impact on health across the life course, but its impact on health care costs in later life is unknown in Japan. This study aims to assess additional medical costs of Japanese older people with childhood maltreatment history. Methods Data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) 2013, a population-based cohort of independent people aged 65 years or older across Japan were used and linked uniquely with the database of health insurance claims for residents of a city with more than 1.5 million citizens, aged 75 years or younger (N = 978). Average annual medical costs for April 2012 and March 2013 and April 2013 and March 2014 were calculated and compared between those who experienced childhood maltreatment and those who did not, using generalized linear models. Results 4.5% of our sample witnessed their father physically abusing their mother, 1.9% were physically abused, 10.6% were emotionally neglected, and 5.7% were emotionally abused in their childhood. Average medical costs of those with any childhood maltreatment (N = 176, 18.0% of the sample) were significantly higher than those without maltreatment (549,468JPY vs. 413,013JPY (1USD is equivalent to 110JPY); p = 0.007). When examining the effect of each type of maltreatment, average costs of those with emotional neglect were higher than the counterpart (573,481JPY vs. 412,082JPY; p = 0.008). Average costs of those who experienced physical abuse were also higher than those who did not (726,254JPY vs 431,106JPY; p = 0.035). The effect of any childhood maltreatment remained statistically significant after older adults’ age and gender were controlled (p = 0.03). Conclusions Our findings suggest that childhood maltreatment is strongly associated with additional medical costs among older Japanese. If it was truly causal, it can be estimated that additional medical costs associated with childhood maltreatment can be more than 333 billion JPY per year nationwide. Key messages Average annual medical costs of older adults with any childhood maltreatment history were significantly 116,098 JPY greater than those with no maltreatment history. As for each type of childhood maltreatment, emotional neglect tends to increase medical costs in late adulthood.

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