scholarly journals Aging Male Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat as an Animal Model for the Evaluation of the Interplay between Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury and Cardiorenal Syndrome in Humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Mohammad Kazem Fallahzadeh ◽  
Peter A. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Aging Male ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Hypertensive Rat

Background: Although there are some animal models for biomarkers of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), for cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) and for acute renal failure, the interplay between CI-AKI and CRS has yet to be evaluated. Insight into the pathogenesis of CRS is urgently needed from animal models in order to foster the discovery and implementation of novel biomarkers for this disease. Specially designed animal models for type 1 and 3 CRS, particularly CI-AKI, have not yet emerged. Summary: We hypothesize that the aging male spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is likely to be a suitable model. The SHR model is able to mimic risk factors for preclinical CRS that appears in the clinical setting, specifically hypertension, age, preexisting damage and dysfunction of the heart and kidney, endothelial dysfunction, increased level of reactive oxygen species, decreased level and bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), impairment of the L-arginine-NO pathway, and insulin resistance. In the SHR, CI-AKI results in a different profile of AKI biomarkers than is seen with preexisting chronic kidney injury. Key Messages: The SHR model can be used to evaluate the interaction between CI-AKI and CRS type 1 and 3 and to verify neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a reliable CI-AKI biomarker for clinical application. Further research is warranted with a large number of aging male SHRs to prove NGAL as a sensitive, specific, highly predictive, early biomarker for CI-AKI.

scholarly journals Acute kidney injury in cardiorenal syndrome type 1: a meta-analysis

Critical Care ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. P364
Author(s):  
W Vandenberghe ◽  
S Gevaert ◽  
H Peperstraete ◽  
I Herck ◽  
J Decruyenaere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Syndrome Type

scholarly journals Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antagonist Downregulates Nonmuscle Myosin Heavy Chains in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Aorta

Hypertension ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Fujii ◽  
Seiji Umemoto ◽  
Akihisa Fujii ◽  
Takahito Yonezawa ◽  
Toshihiro Sakumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chains ◽  
Nonmuscle Myosin ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Hypertensive Rat

scholarly journals CARDIORENAL SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE AS A STAGE OF THE CARDIORENAL CONTINUUM (PART I): DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION, PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, EPIDEMIOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Reznik ◽  
I. G. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Impaired Renal Function ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Syndrome Type ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

The combination of heart failure and renal failure is called cardiorenal syndrome. It is a stage of the cardiorenal continuum and, possibly, a small link of the cardiorenal-cerebral-metabolic axis. Despite the fact that the phrase “cardiorenal syndrome” and its five types have become a part of the medical lexicon, many aspects of this problem are still not clear. Cardiorenal syndrome can be diagnosed in 32-90.3% of patients with heart failure. Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 or 2 develops in most cases of heart failure: cardiorenal syndrome presents with the development ofchronic kidney disease in patients with chronic heart failure and acute kidney injury in patients with acute heart failure. Impaired renal function has an unfavorable prognostic value. It leads to an increase in the mortality of patients with heart failure. It is necessary to timely diagnose the presence of cardiorenal syndrome and take into account its presence when managing patients with heart failure. Further researches are needed on ways toprevent the development and prevent the progression of kidney damage in patients with heart failure, to which the efforts of the multidisciplinary team should be directed. The first part of this review examines the currently definition, classification, pathogenesis, epidemiology and prognosis of cardiorenal syndrome in patients with heart failure.

scholarly journals A Decrease of Brain MicroRNA-122 Level Is an Early Marker of Cerebrovascular Disease in the Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosita Stanzione ◽  
Franca Bianchi ◽  
Maria Cotugno ◽  
Simona Marchitti ◽  
Maurizio Forte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Early Marker ◽  
Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

Based on preliminary evidence that highlights microRNA-122 as a contributing factor to stroke pathogenesis, we aimed at assessing its expression level, along with the presence of early signs of cerebrovascular disease, in the brain of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP), a suitable model of human disease that accelerates stroke occurrence under a high sodium/low potassium (Japanese-style) diet (JD). After one month of JD, before stroke occurrence, brain microRNA-122 level was significantly decreased in SHRSP as compared to the stroke-resistant SHR (SHRSR). At this time, levels of markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as of endothelial integrity and function, apoptosis and necrosis were differently modulated in the brains of JD-fed SHRSP as compared to SHRSR, pointing to a significant activation of all deleterious mechanisms underlying subsequent stroke development in SHRSP. We also showed that miR-122 improved survival of rat endothelial cerebral cells upon stress stimuli (excess NaCl, hydrogen peroxide). Our data suggest that a decrease of brain microRNA-122 level is deleterious and can be considered as an early marker of stroke in the SHRSP. Understanding the mechanisms by which microRNA-122 protects vascular cells from stress stimuli may provide a useful approach to improve preventive and treatment strategies against stroke.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Pathological Association between Stroke-Related QTL and Salt-Induced Renal Injury in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohammad Farhadur Reza ◽  
Davis Ngarashi ◽  
Masamichi Koike ◽  
Masaki Misumi ◽  
Hiroki Ohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Chromosome 18 ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Congenic Strains ◽  
Hypertensive Rat

The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) suffers from severe hypertension and hypertensive organ damage such as cerebral stroke and kidney injury under salt-loading. By a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis between SHRSP and SHR (the stroke-resistant parental strain of SHRSP), two major QTLs for stroke susceptibility were identified on chromosomes 1 and 18 of SHRSP, which were confirmed in congenic strains constructed between SHRSP and SHR. As the progression of renal dysfunction was suggested to be one of the key factors inducing stroke in SHRSP, we examined effects of the stroke-related QTLs on kidney injury using two congenic strains harboring either of SHRSP-derived fragments of chromosomes 1 and 18 in the SHR genome. The congenic strains were challenged with 1% NaCl solution for 4 weeks; measurement of systolic blood pressure and urinary isoprostane level (a marker for oxidative stress) and evaluation of renal injury by quantification of genetic marker expression and histological examination were performed. We found that the congenic rats with SHRSP-derived fragment of chromosome 18 showed more severe renal damage with higher expression of Col1α-1 (a genetic marker for renal fibrosis) and higher urinary isoprostane level. In contrast, the fragment of chromosome 1 from SHRSP did not give such effects on SHR. Blood pressure was not greater in either of the congenic strains when compared with SHR. We concluded that the QTL region on chromosome 18 might deteriorate salt-induced renal injury in SHR through a blood pressure-independent mechanism.

scholarly journals Determination of renal function and injury using near-infrared fluorimetry in experimental cardiorenal syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (4) ◽  
pp. F629-F639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuko Ikeda ◽  
Rumie Wakasaki ◽  
Katie J. Schenning ◽  
Thomas Swide ◽  
Jeong Heon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Syndrome Type

Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 causes acute kidney injury but is poorly understood; animal models and diagnostic aids are lacking. Robust noninvasive measurements of glomerular filtration rate are required for injury models and clinical use. Several have been described but are untested in translational models and suffer from biologic interference. We developed a mouse model of cardiorenal syndrome and tested the novel near-infrared fluorophore ZW800-1 to assess renal and cardiac function. We performed murine cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation followed by transthoracic echocardiography, 2 and 24 h later. Transcutaneous fluorescence of ZW800-1 bolus dispersion and clearance was assessed with whole animal imaging and compared with glomerular filtration rate (GFR; inulin clearance), tubular cell death (using unbiased stereology), and serum creatinine. Correlation, Bland-Altman, and polar analyses were used to compare GFR with ZW800-1 clearance. Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation caused reversible cardiac failure, halving fractional shortening of the left ventricle ( n = 12, P = 0.03). Acute kidney injury resulted with near-zero GFR and sixfold increase in serum creatinine 24 h later ( n = 16, P < 0.01). ZW800-1 biodistribution and clearance were exclusively renal. ZW800-1 t1/2 and clearance correlated with GFR ( r = 0.92, n = 31, P < 0.0001). ZW800-1 fluorescence was reduced in cardiac arrest, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation-treated mice compared with sham animals 810 s after injection ( P < 0.01) and bolus time-dispersion curves demonstrated that ZW800-1 fluorescence dispersion correlated with left ventricular function ( r = 0.74, P < 0.01). Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation lead to experimental cardiorenal syndrome type 1. ZW800-1, a small near-infrared fluorophore being developed for clinical intraoperative imaging, is favorable for evaluating cardiac and renal function noninvasively.

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