scholarly journals Treatment Seeking for Alcohol Use Disorders: Treatment Gap or Adequate Self-Selection?

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlous Tuithof ◽  
Margreet ten Have ◽  
Wim van den Brink ◽  
Wilma Vollebergh ◽  
Ron de Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Treatment Gap ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
The People

Background/Aims: This study examines whether it is harmful that subjects with an alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the general population rarely seek treatment. Methods: Baseline and 3-year follow-up data from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 were used. Treatment utilization covered a 4-year period. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 assessed AUD and other psychiatric disorders. Results: Of 154 subjects with baseline 12-month DSM-5 AUD, 35.4% used only general treatment (GenTx) for mental problems or alcohol/drugs problems; 10.3% used specialized AUD treatment (AUDTx); and 54.3% used no treatment at all. Of these 3 groups, AUDTx users had the highest severity on AUD characteristics, comorbid psychopathology and mental functioning. Compared to non-treatment (NonTx), GenTx users more often had 12-month emotional disorders at follow-up, but AUD remission rates and functioning were similar. NonTx users functioned similarly at follow-up as people in the general population without lifetime AUD or other psychopathology. Conclusion: Adequate treatment seeking often occurs in the general population: the most severe AUD subjects use AUDTx, and most NonTx users have a mild AUD and a favorable course. Current findings suggest a smaller treatment gap than previously reported, but still one-quarter of the people with AUD do not seek AUDTx but could benefit from this, as they have a persistent AUD.

Self-rated general health and psychiatric disorders in a general population sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich John ◽  
Christian Meyer ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Rumpf ◽  
Anja Schumann ◽  
Horst Dilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
General Health ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between nicotine and alcohol dependence, depressive, anxiety and somatoform disorders with self-rated general health (GH). A cohort study of a random sample of the non-institutionalised general population aged 18–64 with a participation rate of 70.2% was carried out in a German area (n = 4075 at baseline). A follow-up of tobacco smokers or heavy drinkers (n = 1083, 79.4% of those who had given consent to be followed-up) was conducted 30 months after baseline measurement. The assessments included self-ratings of GH and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) diagnoses based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The results show that nicotine dependence, anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders moderately predicted self-rated GH at follow-up (general linear model, R2 = 0.12). We conclude that psychiatric disorders may contribute to the prediction of a low self-rated GH.

scholarly journals The care provided by general practitioners for persistent depression

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titus W.D.P. Van Os ◽  
Rob H.S. Van den Brink ◽  
Klaas Van der Meer ◽  
Johan Ormel
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Primary Care Patients ◽  
Persistent Depression ◽  
Gp Care

AbstractPurpose.To examine the care provided by general practitioners (GPs) for persistent depressive illness and its relationship to patient, illness and consultation characteristics.Subjects and method.Using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Primary Health Care Version (CIDI-PHC) a sample of 264 patients with ICD-10 depression was identified among consecutive primary care patients in the Netherlands. At 1-year follow-up 78 of these patients (30%) still fulfilled the criteria of an ICD-10 depression and were considered persistent cases. At baseline and follow-up the GPs specified their diagnosis and treatment. The extent of recognition as a mental health problem, accuracy of diagnosis as a depression and treatment in accordance with clinical guidelines for depression was examined. In addition it was examined whether these steps in adequate GP care for persistent depression were related to patient, illness and consultation characteristics.Results.Twenty percent of the persistent depression cases were not recognized at baseline or during follow-up, 28% was recognized but not accurately diagnosed, 17% was accurately diagnosed, but did not receive adequate treatment and 35% was treated adequately. Recognition was associated with psychological reason for encounter; accurate diagnosis with absence of activity limitation days; and adequate treatment with severity of depression and higher educational level.Conclusion.Non-recognition, misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment are not limited to patients with a relatively mild and brief depression but are also prominent in patients with a persistent depression, who consulted their GP 8.2 times on average during the year their depression persisted.

Confounding of Big Five Personality Assessments in Emotional Disorders by Comorbidity and Current Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Spinhoven ◽  
Willem van der Does ◽  
Johan Ormel ◽  
Frans G. Zitman ◽  
Brenda WJH Penninx
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neo Five Factor Inventory

Foremost cross–sectional studies of personality in common mental disorders show similar Big Five trait profiles [i.e. high neuroticism (N), low conscientiousness (C) and low extraversion (E)]. It remains undecided whether this lack of distinct personality profiles is partly due to comorbidity among disorders or contamination by current state. Using data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, we investigated 1046 participants with panic disorder (PD), social anxiety disorder (SAD) and/or major depressive disorder (MDD) and 474 healthy controls. Personality traits at baseline and two–year follow–up were assessed with the NEO–Five Factor Inventory. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to determine the presence of emotional disorders at baseline and at two–year follow–up; the Life Chart Interview determined symptom severity in the month prior to baseline and during follow–up. By analysing pure cases and investigating the effects in remitted cases, PD participants were found to be higher in N, but not lower in E and C than controls. Pure PD participants were also lower in N and higher in E than SAD and MDD participants. Both SAD and MDD participants were characterized by high levels of N and low levels of E, irrespective of comorbidity or current disorder state. Future studies should be more attentive to confounding of personality profiles by comorbidity and state effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Social support and delusional-like experiences: a nationwide population-based study

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saha ◽  
J. Scott ◽  
D. Varghese ◽  
J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
General Population ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Poor Social Support ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

Background.Population-based studies have identified that delusional-like experiences (DLEs) are common in the general population. While there is a large literature exploring the relationship between poor social support and risk of mental illness, there is a lack of empirical data examining the association of poor social support and DLEs. The aim of the study was to explore the association between social support and DLEs using a large, nationally representative community sample.Methods.Subjects were drawn from a national multistage probability survey of 8841 adults aged between 16 and 85 years. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to identify DLEs, common psychiatric disorders and physical disorders. Eight questions assessed various aspects of social support with spouse/partners and other family and friends. We examined the relationship between DLEs and social support using logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounding factors.Results.Of the sample, 8.4% (n = 776) positively endorsed one or more DLEs. Individuals who (a) had the least contact with friends, or (b) could not rely on or confide in spouse/partner, family or friends were significantly more likely to endorse DLEs. The associations remained significant after adjusting for a range of potential confounding factors.Conclusions.DLEs are associated with impoverished social support in the general population. While we cannot exclude the possibility that the presence of isolated DLEs results in a reduction of social support, we speculate that poor social support may contribute in a causal fashion to the risk of DLEs.

Comorbidity of DSM–III–R Major Depressive Disorder in the General Population: Results from the US National Comorbidity Survey

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (S30) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
C. B. Nelson ◽  
K. A. McGonagle ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
M. Swartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
National Comorbidity Survey ◽  
The Us

General population data are presented on the prevalence and correlates of comorbidity between DSM–III–R major depressive disorder (MDD) and other DSM–III–R disorders. The data come from the US National Comorbidity Survey, a large general population survey of persons aged 15–54 years in the non-institutionalised civilian population. Diagnoses are based on a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The analysis shows that most cases of lifetime MDD are secondary, in the sense that they occur in people with a prior history of another DSM–III–R disorder. Anxiety disorders are the most common primary disorders. The time-lagged effects of most primary disorders on the risk of subsequent MDD continue for many years without change in magnitude. Secondary MDD is, in general, more persistent and severe than pure or primary MDD. This has special public health significance because lifetime prevalence of secondary MDD has increased in recent cohorts, while the prevalence of pure and primary depression has remained unchanged.

scholarly journals Correlates of transitions from alcohol use to disorder diagnosed by DSM-5 in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Zhaorui Liu ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
Yueqin Huang ◽  
Yanxiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Common Criteria ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background This study aimed to describe the prevalence and lifetime criteria profiles of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) and the transitions from alcohol use to disorder in Chifeng, China. Methods Face-to-face interviews were conducted using Composite International Diagnostic Interview-3.0 (CIDI-3.0) among 4528 respondents in Chifeng. Results The weighted lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-5 AUD were 3.03 and 1.05%, respectively. Mild lifetime AUD was the most prevalent severity level (69.53%). The two most common criteria were “failure to quit/cutdown” and “drinking more or for longer than intended.” Lifetime prevalence was 65.59% for alcohol use, and 22.97% for regular drinking. Male and domestic violence were risk factors for the transition from alcohol use to regular drinking or AUD and from regular drinking to AUD. Younger age was risk factor for the transition to AUD from alcohol use or regular drinking. Poverty (OR = 2.49) was risk factor for the transition from alcohol use to regular drinking. The earlier drinkers were more likely to develop to regular drinking (OR = 2.11). Conclusion AUD prevalence in Chifeng was not as high as that in Western countries. The study revealed that multiple risk factors might contribute to the transition across different stages of alcohol use. Further research should explore the underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals The Moderating Effects of Coping Strategies on Major Depression in the General Population

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
JianLi Wang ◽  
Scott B Pat ten
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
General Population ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Moderating Effects

Objectives: To evaluate the moderating effects of various coping strategies on the as sociation between stressors and the prevalence of major depression in the general population. Methods: Subjects from the Alberta buy- incomponent of the 1994 –1995 National Population Health Survey (NPHS) were included in the analysis ( n = 1039). Each subject was asked 8 questions about coping strategies that dealt with unexpected stress from family problems and personal crises. Major depression was measured using the World Health Organization's (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form (CIDI- SF) for major depression. The im pacts of coping strategies in relation to psychological stres sors on the prevalence of major depression were de ter mined by examining interactions between coping and life stress on major depression using logistic regression modelling. Results: No robust impact of coping strategies in relation to various categories of stress evaluated in the NPHS was observed. There was evidence that the use of “pray and seek religious help” and “talks to others about the situations” as coping strategies by women moderated the risk of major depression in the presence of financial stress and relation ship stress (with a partner). Using emotional expression as a coping strategy by women might de crease the risk of major depression in the presence of 1 or more re cent life events, personal stress, relationship stress (with a partner), and environmental stress. Conclusion: Different coping strategies may have a differential impact on the prevalence of major depression in specific circumstances. These findings may be important both to prevent and to treat depressive disorders.

scholarly journals The individual and societal effects of non-psychotic serious mental disorders on earnings in Belgium

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Bruffaerts ◽  
Anke Bonnewyn ◽  
Koen Demyttenaere
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcohol Disorders ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Annual Earnings

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the association between non-psychotic serious mental disorders and earnings in the general population of Belgium on both the individual- and society-level.Subjects and methodsData stem from a cross-sectional population study of the non-institutionalized adult (between 18 and 64) population from Belgium (N = 863). The third version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-3.0) was administered to assess 12-month non-psychotic serious mental disorders and annual earnings. Multivariate approaches were used to estimate the observed and estimated annual earnings for persons with serious mental disorders, controlling for sociodemographic variables and alcohol disorders.ResultsOn the individual-level, 12-month serious mental disorders significantly predicted the probability of having any earnings (OR = 0.32; 95%CI = 0.14–0.74). Respondents with serious mental disorders had 12-month earnings of 5969€ less than expected in the absence of serious mental disorders. Taking into account the prevalence of serious mental disorders (i.e. 4.9%), the society-level effects of serious mental disorders in 2002 can be estimated at about 1797 million € per year for the Belgian general population.DiscussionNon-psychotic serious mental disorders had considerable impact on annual earnings.ConclusionThis is the first study in Belgium that addresses the association between mental illness and earnings. Serious mental disorders are associated with individual- and societal-level impairments and loss of human capital.

Dimensions of depression, mania and psychosis in the general population

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1177-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KRABBENDAM ◽  
I. MYIN-GERMEYS ◽  
R. DE GRAAF ◽  
W. VOLLEBERGH ◽  
W. A. NOLEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

Background. In order to investigate whether correlated but separable symptom dimensions that have been identified in clinical samples also have a distribution in the general population, the underlying structure of symptoms of depression, mania and psychosis was studied in a general population sample of 7072 individuals.Method. Data were obtained from the three measurements of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Symptoms of depression, mania and the positive symptoms of psychosis were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Confirmatory factor-analysis was used to test statistically the fit of hypothesized models of one, two, three or seven dimensions.Results. The seven-dimensional model comprising core depression, sleep problems, suicidal thoughts, mania, paranoid delusions, first-rank delusions and hallucinations fitted the data best, whereas the unidimensional model obtained the poorest fit. This pattern of results could be replicated at both follow-up measurements. The results were similar for the subsamples with and without a lifetime DSM-III-R diagnosis. The seven dimensions were moderately to strongly correlated, with correlations ranging from 0·18 to 0·73 (mean 0·45).Conclusions. In the general population, seven correlated but separable dimensions of experiences exist that resemble dimensions of psychopathology seen in clinical samples with severe mental illness. The substantial correlations between these dimensions in clinical and non-clinical samples may suggest that there is aetiological overlap between the different dimensions regardless of level of severity and diagnosable disorder.

Australia's Mental Health: An Overview of the General Population Survey

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Henderson ◽  
Gavin Andrews ◽  
Wayne Hall
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Australian Bureau Of Statistics

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to estimate the 1-month and 1-year prevalence of mental disorders in the Australian adult population; to determine the amount of disablement associated with this; and to determine the use of health and other services by persons with common mental disorders. Method: For the Adult Survey, a household sample of 10 600 persons aged 18 years and over were interviewed across Australia by experienced field staff of the Australian Bureau of Statistics. This was 78%% of the target sample. The interview consisted of the composite international diagnostic interview in its automated presentation (CIDI-A) and other components to determine disablement, use of services and satisfaction with services received. The diagnostic classifications used in the analyses were both ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Only the results from ICD-10 are reported here. Results: A total of 17.7%% of the sample had one or more common mental disorders, anxiety, depression, alcohol or substance abuse and neurasthenia. This morbidity was associated with considerable disablement in daily life: 3 days of impaired social role performance in the previous 4 weeks, compared with 1 day for the general population. Of all cases, 64.6%% had had no contact with health services in the previous year; 29.4%% had seen GPs and 7.5%% had seen psychiatrists. Conclusion: Australia now has its own national estimates of psychiatric morbidity. The morbidity is associated with considerable disablement, but most of it is untreated. General practitioners encounter by far the largest proportion of those reaching services.

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