Biomarkers in Randomized Clinical Trials: Positron Emission Tomography and Nuclear Medicine Techniques

2016 ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Tarun Singhal ◽  
Emily Stern
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission

scholarly journals Infection Dynamics and Response to Chemotherapy in a Rabbit Model of Tuberculosis using [18F]2-Fluoro-Deoxy-d-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 4391-4402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Via ◽  
Dan Schimel ◽  
Danielle M. Weiner ◽  
Veronique Dartois ◽  
Emmanuel Dayao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Total Lung Volume ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy

ABSTRACTWith a host of new antitubercular chemotherapeutics in development, methods to assess the activity of these agents beyond mouse efficacy are needed to prioritize combinations for clinical trials. Lesions inMycobacterium tuberculosis-infected rabbits are hypoxic, with histopathologic features that closely resemble those of human tuberculous lesions. Using [18F]2-fluoro-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging, we studied the dynamics of tuberculosis infection in rabbits, revealing an initial inflammatory response followed by a consolidative chronic disease. Five weeks after infection, as much as 23% of total lung volume was abnormal, but this was contained and to some extent reversed naturally by 9 weeks. During development of this chronic state, individual lesions in the same animal had very different fates, ranging from complete resolution to significant progression. Lesions that remained through the initial stage showed an increase in volume and tissue density over time by CT. Initiation of chemotherapy using either isoniazid (INH) or rifampin (RIF) during chronic infection reduced bacterial load with quantitative changes in [18F]FDG uptake, lesion density and total lesion volume measured by CT. The [18F]FDG PET uptake in lesions was significantly reduced with as little as 1 week of treatment, while the volume and density of lesions changed more slowly. The results from this study suggest that rabbits may be a useful surrogate species for evaluating novel chemotherapies and understanding changes in both PET and CT scans in human clinical trials.

Positron emission tomography (PET) and other nuclear medicine modalities in staging gastrointestinal cancer

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Bombardieri ◽  
Gianluca Aliberti ◽  
Celine de Graaf ◽  
Ernest Pauwels ◽  
Flavio Crippa
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission

Recommendations for measurement of tumour vascularity with positron emission tomography in early phase clinical trials

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1465-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric O. Aboagye ◽  
Fiona J. Gilbert ◽  
Ian N. Fleming ◽  
Ambros J. Beer ◽  
Vincent J. Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Tumour Vascularity ◽  
Early Phase Clinical Trials

scholarly journals The EANM practice guidelines for parathyroid imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Petranović Ovčariček ◽  
Luca Giovanella ◽  
Ignasi Carrió Gasset ◽  
Elif Hindié ◽  
Martin W. Huellner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Invasive Parathyroidectomy ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Parathyroid Imaging

Abstract Introduction Nuclear medicine parathyroid imaging is important in the identification of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), but it may be also valuable before surgical treatment in secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT). Parathyroid radionuclide imaging with scintigraphy or positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive procedure for the assessment of the presence and number of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands, located either at typical sites or ectopically. The treatment of pHPT is mostly directed toward minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, especially in cases with a single adenoma. In experienced hands, successful surgery depends mainly on the exact preoperative localization of one or more hyperfunctioning parathyroid adenomas. Failure to preoperatively identify the hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland challenges minimally invasive parathyroidectomy and might require bilateral open neck exploration. Methods Over a decade has now passed since the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) issued the first edition of the guideline on parathyroid imaging, and a number of new insights and techniques have been developed since. The aim of the present document is to provide state-of-the-art guidelines for nuclear medicine physicians performing parathyroid scintigraphy, single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in patients with pHPT, as well as in those with sHPT. Conclusion These guidelines are written and authorized by the EANM to promote optimal parathyroid imaging. They will assist nuclear medicine physicians in the detection and correct localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid lesions.

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