Cytokines of Cervical Mucosa and Human Papilloma Virus Infection of the Cervix: A Descriptive Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelos Daniilidis ◽  
John Koutsos ◽  
Zinon Oikonomou ◽  
Maria Nasioutziki ◽  
Katerina Hatziparadisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Dna Test ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels

Objective: The production of cytokines by various cervical cells can be triggered by antigenic stimuli, including human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences in cytokine levels between various intraepithelial cervical lesions. Study Design: A total of 97 women participated in this descriptive study. Within our study population, 27 subjects presented with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 48 with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and 22 with a normal smear. Colposcopy and directed biopsy were performed as needed. To confirm the presence of HPV, an HPV-DNA test was performed using polymerase chain reaction. Using flow cytometry to ThinPrep cervical samples, we assessed the family of interleukins (ILs), including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and TNF-β and transforming growth factor-β1. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS for Windows; version 20.0). Results: Significantly lower levels of IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4 and TNF-α were detected in cervical samples obtained from the LSIL group when compared to samples obtained from the HSIL group. Conclusion: Significant differences in tissue cytokine levels exist between intraepithelial cervical lesions obtained from patients presenting with HSIL versus LSIL.

scholarly journals Etiology and pathogenesis of precancerous lesions and invasive cervical carcinoma

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milana Panjkovic ◽  
Tatjana Ivkovic-Kapicl
Keyword(s):  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Punch Biopsy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy

Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecological malignancy in the world. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the leading ethiologic agent in the development of premalignant and malignant cervical diseases. HPV is a member of the Papovaviridae family and until now over 100 types have been recognized. There are two types of viral infection: latent and productive. Virus induced oncogenesis is the result of interaction between virus oncoproteins E6 and E7 and tumor supresor host genes p53 and Rb. Many cofactors such as immunosuppression, early sexual relationship, multiple sexual partners, other sexualy transsmited infections and smooking are contributing factors of the precancerous and invasive cervical lesions. According to the oncogenic potential HPV are divided into three groups: low, intermediate and high oncogenic risk viruses. Molecular technics which are used for the virus detection are: In situ hibridisation,, Hybrid capture test and polymerasa chain reaction. Human papilloma virus testing has an important role in the follow up and treatment of women with 'atypical squamous cells of unknown significant' changes in cervical smears and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, changes in punch biopsy.

scholarly journals Verruca: Need to Know about Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubna Khondker ◽  
Md Obaidur Rahman Shah ◽  
Md Shirajul Shirajul Islam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Common Warts ◽  
History Of

Verruca or warts are common significant cause of cosmetic concern and frustration of the patient. Social activities may  be affected. Verruca are formed by benign proliferations of the skin and mucosa that are caused by infection with  Human papilloma virus (HPV). These viruses do not produce acute signs or symptoms but induce a slow, focal expansion of epithelial cells. There are 100 types of Human papilloma virus (HPV). The natural history of common warts is for most of them to spontaneously resolve. But lesions are sometime uncomfortable. Warts typically continue to increase in size and distribution and may become more resistant to treatment over time. A significant  proportion of women with genital HPV infection develops  low-grade cervical lesions. Most of these low-grade lesions regress spontaneously; one study suggests that  approximately 15 percent progress to high-grade cervical  lesions within two years. High-grade cervical lesions have  a strong malignant potential; one study found that about one-third of high-grade lesions progress to cancer within ten years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i3.12465 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 151-158

scholarly journals The Immune Microenvironment in Human Papilloma Virus-Induced Cervical Lesions—Evidence for Estrogen as an Immunomodulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayshree R. S.
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Cancer Immunoediting ◽  
Immunosuppressive Cells

Globally, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is a common sexually transmitted disease. However, most of the HPV infections eventually resolve aided by the body’s efficient cell-mediated immune responses. In the vast majority of the small group of patients who develop overt disease too, it is the immune response that culminates in regression of lesions. It is therefore a rarity that persistent infection by high-risk genotypes of HPV compounded by other risk factors progresses through precancer (various grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia—CIN) to cervical cancer (CxCa). Hence, although CxCa is a rare culmination of HPV infection, the latter is nevertheless causally linked to >90% of cancer. The three ‘Es’ of cancer immunoediting viz. elimination, equilibrium, and escape come into vogue during the gradual evolution of CIN 1 to CxCa. Both cell-intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms operate to eliminate virally infected cells: cell-extrinsic players are anti-tumor/antiviral effectors like Th1 subset of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, Natural Killer cells, etc. and pro-tumorigenic/immunosuppressive cells like regulatory T cells (Tregs), Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs), type 2 macrophages, etc. And accordingly, when immunosuppressive cells overpower the effectors e.g., in high-grade lesions like CIN 2 or 3, the scale is tilted towards immune escape and the disease progresses to cancer. Estradiol has long been considered as a co-factor in cervical carcinogenesis. In addition to the gonads, the Peyer’s patches in the gut synthesize estradiol. Over and above local production of the hormone in the tissues, estradiol metabolism by the gut microbiome: estrobolome versus tryptophan non-metabolizing microbiome, regulates free estradiol levels in the intestine and extraintestinal mucosal sites. Elevated tissue levels of the hormone serve more than one purpose: besides a direct growth-promoting action on cervical epithelial cells, estradiol acting genomically via Estrogen Receptor-α also boosts the function of the stromal and infiltrating immunosuppressive cells viz. Tregs, MDSCs, and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Hence as a corollary, therapeutic repurposing of Selective Estrogen Receptor Disruptors or aromatase inhibitors could be useful for modulating immune function in cervical precancer/cancer. The immunomodulatory role of estradiol in HPV-mediated cervical lesions is reviewed.

scholarly journals Distinction between vaginal and cervical microbiota in high-risk human papilloma virus infected women in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Zhang ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Dai Zhang ◽  
Xiaonan Zong ◽  
Huihui Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology

Abstract Background: High-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) is regarded as the main causal factor of cervical precancer and cancer when persistent infection is left untreated. Previous researches have confirmed that the vaginal microbiota was associated with HPV infection and the development of cervical lesions. A very recent study has revealed the microbiota at different parts of the female genital tract was closely related but different from each other. To analyze the distinction between vaginal and cervical microbiota of hrHPV(+) women in China, one hundred subjects were recruited including 20 healthy controls without HPV infection, 32 with other hrHPV(+), 38 with HPV16/18(+) and 10 with cervical carcinoma. Vaginal and cervical microbiota were separately tested through next-generation sequencing technology (NGS) targeting the variable region (V3-V4) of bacterial ribosome 16S rRNA gene. Results: HrHPV(+) subjects tend to be accustomed to vaginal douching (p =0.001), show more frequent usage of sanitary pads (p =0.007), have more sex partners (p =0.047), be more sexually active (p =0.025) and more diversed in ways of contraception (p =0.001). Alpha diversity of cervical microbiota was higher than that of vagina. Cervical microbiota consisted a lower percentage of Firmicutes and a higher percentage of Proteobacteria compared to the vagina at the phylm level. Sphingomonas of α-Proteobacteria was almost below detection limit in the vagina whereas accounted for five to ten percent at hrHPV(-) cervix (P＜0.001) and reversely associated with hrHPV infection (P＜0.05). Pseudomonas of γ-Proteobacteria could hardly be seen in the normal vagina and shared a little bit percentage in the normal cervix, but significantly higher in the HPV16/18 infected (P＜0.001) and cancerous cervix (P＜0.05). BV associated anaerobes like Gardnerella, Prevotella, Atopobium and Sneathia did not exhibit cervical specificity.Conclusions: Cervical microbiota has its uniqueness from that of vagina in bacterial communities presenting a higher proportion of Proteobacteria, of which Pseudomonas is positively while Sphingomonas was negatively associated with hrHPV infection and cervical cancer. It is of great improtance to deeply explore the cervical microbiota of hrHPV infected women.

scholarly journals Distinction between vaginal and cervical microbiota in high-risk human papilloma virus-infected women in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Zhang ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Dai Zhang ◽  
Xiaonan Zong ◽  
Huihui Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background High-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) is the main causal factor of cervical precancer and cancer when persistent infection is left untreated. Previous studies have confirmed the vaginal microbiota is associated with HPV infection and the development of cervical lesions. The microbiota at different parts of the female genital tract is closely related but different from each other. To analyze the distinction between the vaginal and cervical microbiota of hrHPV(+) women in China, one hundred subjects were recruited, including 10 patients with HPV16/18(+) and cervical carcinoma, 38 patients with HPV16/18(+) but no cervical carcinoma, 32 patients with other hrHPV(+) and 20 healthy controls with HPV(−). Vaginal and cervical microbiota were separately tested through next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeting the variable region (V3-V4) of the bacterial ribosome 16S rRNA gene. Results HrHPV(+) subjects had higher percentages of vaginal douching history (P = 0.001), showed more frequent usage of sanitary pads (P = 0.007), had more sex partners (P = 0.047), were more sexually active (P = 0.025) and more diversed in ways of contraception (P = 0.001). The alpha diversity of the cervical microbiota was higher than that of the vagina. The cervical microbiota consisted of a lower percentage of Firmicutes and a higher percentage of Proteobacteria than the vagina at the phylum level. Sphingomonas, belonging to α-Proteobacteria, was almost below the detection limit in the vagina but accounted for five to 10 % of the bacteria in the hrHPV(−) cervix (P<0.001) and was inversely associated with hrHPV infection (P<0.05). Pseudomonas, belonging to γ-Proteobacteria, could hardly be seen in the normal vagina and shared a small percentage in the normal cervix but was significantly higher in the HPV16/18(+) (P<0.001) and cancerous cervix (P<0.05). No significant difference was shown in the percentage of BV associated anaerobes, like Gardnerella, Prevotella, Atopobium and Sneathia, between the cevix and vigina. Conclusions The proportion of Proteobacteria was significantly higher in the cervical microbiota than that of vagina. The hrHPV infection and cervical cancer was positively associated with Pseudomonas and negatively associated with Sphingomonas. It is of great improtance to deeply explore the cervical microbiota and its function in cervical cacinogenesis.

scholarly journals Awareness and Knowledge about Human Papilloma Virus Infection among Students at Secondary Occupational Health School in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6321
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Taifeng Du ◽  
Xiaoling Shi ◽  
Kusheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus Infection ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Papilloma Virus

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. CC is mainly caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), which can be prevented by vaccination. We conducted a cross-sectional study in secondary occupational health school (SOHS) through a questionnaire aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge regarding HPV infection of students. A total of 2248 students participated in the survey, 45.3% of them had heard about CC, while only 21.9% of them had heard about HPV; and 74.2% had no idea of the causal link between HPV infection and CC. Most participants displayed poor awareness and knowledge about HPV infection. The results suggested that age, grade, major, academic performance, etc. were correlated with higher awareness of CC, HPV and HPV infection (p < 0.05). In multivariable logistic analysis, third-grade students had the most increased awareness of CC (OR = 17.13, 95%CI: [8.11, 36.15]), HPV (OR = 6.59, 95%CI: [4.16, 10.43]) and HPV vaccine (OR = 2.78, 95%CI: [1.78, 4.32]) when compared to first-grade. Awareness and knowledge regarding HPV infection were insufficient among students in SOHS. As the future healthcare providers, these results highlight the need to supplement targeted education to improve their awareness and knowledge of HPV and vaccination.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in children and adolescents

2008 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis N. Mammas ◽  
George Sourvinos ◽  
Demetrios A. Spandidos
Keyword(s):  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Papilloma Virus
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