Galla chinensis Compounds Remineralize Enamel Caries Lesions in a Rat Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tie-Ting Zhang ◽  
Hui-Jing Guo ◽  
Xue-Jun Liu ◽  
Jin-Pu Chu ◽  
Xue-Dong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Enamel Caries ◽  
Caries Lesions

Objectives: To investigate the effect of Galla chinensis chemical compounds on enamel caries remineralization in rats. Methods: A total of 40 rats were inoculated with Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 and fed a cariogenic diet (Keyes 2000). The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated topically twice a day with each of the following extracts (or control) for 5 weeks: distilled and deionized water (DDW, negative control); 1,000 ppm NaF (positive control); 4,000 ppm G. chinensis crude aqueous extract (GCE), or 4,000 ppm gallic acid (GA). After the experimental period, Keyes' caries diagnosis and scoring technique was applied as a preliminary evaluation on the molar teeth. For more accurate remineralization data, the residual enamel volume of the first molar and the mineral density (MD) of the enamel were further analyzed by micro-CT. Results: The severity of molar enamel caries decreased in the following order of treatment groups: DDW > GA > GCE > NaF (p < 0.05). In addition, the residual first molar enamel volume and MD values increased in the order of DDW, GA, GCE and NaF treatment groups (p < 0.05). In most molars, remineralization layers were observed on the surface of lesions. Conclusion:G. chinensis compounds remineralize enamel caries lesions in a rat model.

scholarly journals Remineralizing Efficacy of a CPP-ACP Cream on Enamel Caries Lesions in situ

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Meyer-Lueckel ◽  
Richard J. Wierichs ◽  
Timo Schellwien ◽  
Sebastian Paris
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
Enamel Caries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Mineral Loss

The aim of this double-blind, randomized, cross-over in situ study was to compare the remineralizing effects induced by the application of casein phosphopeptide-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate complexes (CPP-ACP)-containing cream (without fluoride) after the use of fluoride toothpaste with the prolonged use of fluoride toothpaste on enamel caries lesions in situ. During each of three experimental legs of 4 weeks, 13 participants wore intra-oral mandibular appliances with 8 pre-demineralized bovine enamel specimens in the vestibular flanges mimicking either ‘easily cleanable' or ‘proximal' surfaces (n = 312). The three randomly allocated treatments were as follows: (1) application of CPP-ACP-containing cream (GC Tooth Mouse, non-fluoride) after the use of fluoride toothpaste (1,400 ppm NaF; TM), (2) prolonged application of fluoride toothpaste (1,400 ppm NaF; positive control, PC) and (3) prolonged application of fluoride-free toothpaste (negative control, NC). Additionally, one of each of the two flanges was brushed twice daily with the respective toothpaste. The differences in integrated mineral loss as assessed by transversal microradiography were calculated between values before and after the in situ period. Changes in mineral loss were analysed for those pairs of subgroups differing in only one of the three factors (intervention, brushing and position). The PC treatment induced a significantly higher mineral gain compared with the TM and NC treatments. No significant differences between TM and NC for both positions were observed. In conclusion, the additional use of a CPP-ACP-containing cream seems to be less efficacious in remineralizing caries lesions than the prolonged application of fluoride toothpaste. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

UJI EFEK ANALGESIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus) DENGAN INDUKSI NYERI ASAM ASETAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Triswanto Sentat ◽  
Susiyanto Pangestu
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analgesic Dose ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

Kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) contains tannins, flavonoids and polyphenol compounds allegedly have analgesic effect. The objective was to determine the analgesic effect of ethanol extract of kersen leaves and to determine the most effective analgesic dose. This study was an experimental research. Leaves were extracted with ethanol 70% and the analgesic effect test was divided into 5 groups: negative control treatment (distilled water), positive control (mefenamic acid 2.6mg/kg), kersen leaf ethanol extract first dose (100mg/kg), second dose (200mg/kg) and tthird dose (400mg/kg). Giving treatments by oral, after 30 minutes, the mices were given a pain inductor with 0.5% acetic acid by intra peritonial administration. Analgesic power was calculated by counting the number of writhing in mice for 1 hour. The results showed that the ethanol extract of cherry leaf has analgesic effect. From the calculation of the first dose analgesic power (42.9%), second dose (59.4%) and the third dose 69.9%. Statistical test results kruskal wallis value of p=0.011 (p<0.05) showed a significant difference between all analgesic treatment groups. The conclusion of this study is all of the ethanol extract had analgesic effects on male white mice, whereas a dose of 400mg/kg is the most effective analgesic dose.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKEN TO INOVO ADMINISTRATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ROSEMARY OIL(ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 896-903
Author(s):  
Sulaiman & Tayeb
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Rosemary Oil ◽  
In Ovo Injection ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
Positive Effect

This study was conducted to determine the percentage of hatchability, post-hatch growth performance, immune response of broiler  subjected  to in- ovo injection of different doses of rosemary oil. A total of 300  eggs of ross broiler strain were obtained.The experiment distributed into five treatment groups: T1, Negative Control T2, positive control (in ovo injection of 0.05 ml distilled water) T3, in ovo injection of 0.05ml of rosemary oil; T4, in ovo injection of  0.075 ml of rosemary oil; T5, in ovo injection of  0.1 ml of rosemary oil.Highest hatchability  percentage was shown in 0.1ml rosemary oil -injected hatching eggs. The final weight of birds from 0.075 and 0.1 ml of rosemary oil-injected eggs was significantly (P < 0.05) highest through the experiment. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were improved with in ovo administration of rosemary oil at 0.075 and 0.1 ml doses. In addition, the level of  blood cholesterol and blood glucose  were decreased (p<0.05) in birds from rosemary oil-injected eggs.  The obtained data showed a positive effect of in-ovo injection of rosemary  oil on stimulating bird's immunity.

scholarly journals Synthesis of plate-like β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles and their efficiency in remineralization of incipient enamel caries

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-276
Author(s):  
Roghayyeh Marefat Seyedlar ◽  
Mohammadbagher Rezvani ◽  
Samira Barari ◽  
Mohammad Imani ◽  
Azizollah Nodehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Calcium Nitrate Tetrahydrate ◽  
Enamel Caries ◽  
Nitrate Tetrahydrate ◽  
Addition Rate ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Caries Lesions

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to synthesize nano-sized β-tricalcium phosphate (nano-TCP) particles and determine its concentration-dependent properties on incipient enamel caries lesions. Nano-TCP was synthesized as a wet chemical through a method using low concentration of precursors and low addition rate of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate as a second phase. Morphology and phase composition of the particles were analyzed by SEM, XRD, and EDXA techniques. Incipient enamel lesions were created in human premolars with an acidic buffer. The teeth were then incubated in aqueous dispersions of nano-TCP as remineralization solutions. Sodium fluoride solution and deionized water were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. The quality and thickness of the remineralized layer on enamel were investigated using SEM. The data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey’s test. The synthesized nano-TCP mostly consisted of porous platelet-like crystals of 50–100 nm thickness and pore diameters of 100–300 nm. SEM observation showed that a homogenous layer was formed on the surface of the enamels remineralized in nano-TCP solutions. The thickness of the mineralized layer was dependent on the incubation time and nano-TCP concentration.

Buprenorphine alleviation of pain does not compromise the rat monoarthritic pain model

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-167
Author(s):  
M.S. Berke ◽  
Klas S.P. Abelson
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Aims This study investigated the effects of buprenorphine treatment on pain and welfare parameters and model specific parameters in a rat model of monoarthritis to eliminate unnecessary pain from this model. Methods 32 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: (1) A negative control without arthritis receiving no analgesia. (2) A positive monoarthritic control group receiving no analgesia, but subcutaneous saline injections twice a day. (3) A positive control with monoarthritis receiving subcutaneous carprofen once a day and saline once a day. (4) A group with monoarthritis receiving subcutaneous buprenorphine twice a day. Monoarthritis was induced with an injection of 0.02 ml Complete Freund’s Adjuvant intra-articularly in the left tibiotarsal joint. Treatment with analgesia was initiated at day 15 and the rats were euthanized at day 23. Results The induced monoarthritis elicited a pronounced acute inflammation. Several parameters such as bodyweight, mobility, stance, joint-stiffness and lameness scores were affected. A marked mechanical hyperalgesia in the tarsal area was observed by Electronic Von Frey testing, but no severe compromise of the animal welfare was seen at any time. Signs of chronic development began to appear from day 10 after the monoarthritic induction. No significant change in serum cytokines and faecal corticosterone measurements was found after administration of buprenorphine. A minor decrease in body weight was seen, and a higher pain tolerance to mechanical stimuli was observed, indicating pain alleviation. The histological examination confirmed monoarthritic development in all monoarthritic rats and revealed periarticular lesions suggesting diffusion of adjuvant from intra-articular injection site to the periphery. Conclusions The study demonstrated that buprenorphine has an analgesic effect in the adjuvant induced monoarthritic rat model, without obvious interference with the development of arthritis.

188 EFFECT OF RABBIT SEMINAL PLASMA IN OVULATING RESPONSE

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Masdeu ◽  
R. M. García-García ◽  
P. Millán ◽  
L. Revuelta ◽  
O. G. Sakr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Artificial Vagina

The presence of an ovulation-inducing factor (OIF) in the seminal plasma (SP) of several species with spontaneous and induced ovulation, included the rabbit, has been documented. The biochemical identity of OIF in SP remains unknown, but it seems that OIF is a protein (Ratto et al. 2011 Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 9, 24). The aim of this study was to determine if the protein present in the rabbit SP could induce ovulation in a dose manner and provoke changes in plasma hormone concentrations [LH and progesterone (P4)]. Semen was collected from 12 male rabbits using an artificial vagina, pooled, centrifugated at 3000g for 30 min twice and analysed by Bradford method to determine protein concentration that was 7 mg protein mL–1 of SP. After storage at –80°C, the SP was lyophilized for use at different concentrations. Twenty-four females were synchronized with an i.m. injection of 25 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin and randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 6). Forty-eight hours later (day 0) they were given a single i.m. dose of 1) 1 mL of saline solution (SS; negative control), 2) 20 µg of gonadorelin (GnRH; positive control), 3) 1 mL of lyophilized SP diluted in SS containing 7 mg of protein (SP7), 4) 1 mL of lyophilized SP diluted in SS containing 14 mg of protein (SP14). Blood samples for LH measurement were taken every 30 min from 30 min before injection to 2 h after treatment. Blood samples for P4 measurement were taken every 2 days from Day 0 to Day 6. Hormone determinations were made by enzyme immunoassay. Ovulation rate (OR), number of corpora lutea (CL), follicles higher than 1 mm, and total number of hemorrhagic follicles were determined after euthanasia on Day 7. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA. The OR was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in GnRH than in SS, SP7, and SP14 groups (OR: 100, 0, 0, and 8.3%, respectively). Total number of CL counted in does that ovulated in GnRH and SP14 groups was not different (13.7 ± 0.8 and 9 ± 0.0 CL, respectively; P < 0.0001). No statistical differences were observed between groups on the number of follicles higher than 1 mm (GnRH: 17 ± 2.4; SS: 15 ± 1.6; SP7: 11.7 ± 2.6; SP14: 14.8 ± 0.9) and anovulatory hemorrhagic follicles (GnRH: 2.3 ± 0.9; SS: 0.2 ± 0.2; PS: 1.7 ± 0.8; PS 14: 1.7 ± 1.5). Treatment was followed by a surge in plasma LH concentration beginning 30 min after treatment to 120 min in GnRH group ranging ~75 ng mL–1, whereas in the other groups it remained at basal levels (around 20 ng mL–1; P < 0.0001). Plasma P4 concentrations were significantly increased from Day 2 to 6 (4.7 ± 0.7 to 22.3 ± 3.7 ng mL–1; P < 0.0001) only in rabbits treated with GnRH. Plasma P4 concentrations did not vary throughout the experimental period in all OIF-treated rabbits. The present study failed to demonstrate the effect of 3 different dosages of OIF of the rabbit SP on induction of ovulation. More studies are necessary to elucidate if rabbit SP could induce ovulation in rabbit females. We acknowledge CM and MEC for funding.

scholarly journals Biological Effect of Leaf Aqueous Extract ofCaesalpinia pyramidalisin Goats Naturally Infected with Gastrointestinal Nematodes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Robson Borges-dos-Santos ◽  
Jorge A. López ◽  
Luciano C. Santos ◽  
Farouk Zacharias ◽  
Jorge Maurício David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽  
The Mean

Forty-eight goats naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes were randomly divided into four groups (n=12): negative control (G1) (untreated), positive control (G2) (treated with doramectin, 1 mL/50 Kg b.w.), and G3 and G4 treated with 2.5 and 5 mg/Kg b.w. of a leaf aqueous extract ofCaesalpinia pyramidalis(CP). Fecal and blood samples were regularly collected for the evaluation of fecal egg count (FEC), hematological and immunological parameters to assess the anthelmintic activity. In treated animals with CP, there was noted a significant reduction of 54.6 and 71.2% in the mean FEC (P<0.05). An increase in IgA levels was observed in G3 and G4 (P<0.05), during the experimental period, suggesting that it was stimulated by the extract administration. In conclusion, the results showed that CP provoked a protective response in infected animals treated with them. This response could be partly explained by the CP chemical composition.

scholarly journals Yumurtacı Tavuk Yemlerine Biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Uçucu Yağ İlavesinin Performans, Yumurta Kalite Kriterleri ve Yumurta Sarısı Lipit Oksidasyonu Üzerine Etkisi

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tülay Çimrin ◽  
Murat Demirel
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Rosemary Essential Oil

This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of rosemary essential oils in various doses on hen performance, egg quality, lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) level in fresh and stored egg yolk. The experiment was carried out in random parcel experimental design. In the experiment, 6 groups were formed and each group was divided into 5 replicates. In total 240 Bovans hite laying hens, each replicate included 8 hens, 32 weeks old, were used. Treatment groups were control (Negative Control), 500 mg//kg antibiotic (Positive Control 1), 200 mg/kg vitamin E (Positive Control 2), 100 mg/kg rosemary essential oil, 200 mg/kg rosemary essential oil, 300 mg/kg rosemary essential oil. There was no significant difference in live weight, egg production, egg weight, damaged egg ratio, mortality and egg quality but feed comsumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and egg yolk MDA values were affected significantly in between control and treatment groups. At all treatment groups feed comsumption decreased significantly and other groups improved in feed conversion ratio except 500 mg/kg antibiotic and 100 mg/kg rosemary doses groups compared to negative control significantly. 100 mg/kg rosemary essential oil addition during the storage time for 42 and 56 days and 200 mg/kg vitamin E addition for all storage time to ration decreased egg yolk MDA values significantly. As a result, laying birds fed 200 mg/kg vitamin E, and 100 mg/kg of rosemary essential oil additives can use to prevent lipid oxidation.

scholarly journals Evaluation the Effect of Vernonia amygdalina. Del Leaves Ethanol Extract on Blood Sugar and its Synergism with Glibenclamide in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Igwe K ◽  
Ikpeazu O ◽  
Otuokere I
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Glucose Levels

Antidiabetic activity of Vernonia amygdalina and its possible synergism with glibenclamide was checked. Forty eight rats were used for the research, for hypoglycermic study of V. amygdalina alone, they were grouped into five of six rats each. Group 1 was the negative control and was administered distilled water orally. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were the treatment groups which received 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight of the V. amygdalina extract respectively orally by intubation. Group 5 was the positive control group which received a known antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced with alloxan. For the synergism study, another 18 rats grouped into 3 of six rats each was used. Both groups of glibenclamide only and glibenclamide plus V. amygdalina extract were dosed for 14 days orally by intubation, thereafter were sacrificed and blood collected from heart for analysis. There were 5 replicates grouped by weight throughout the study and both single and synergistic studies had the same controls. Effect of V. amygdalina extract was checked on blood glucose and its possible synergism with glibenclamide. All results in treatment groups were compared with the normal control at statistical confidence of p<0.05. Result shows that V. amygdalina extract reduced blood glucose level in the test groups as dose of extract increased. Combination of V. amygdalina with glibenclamide demonstrated further deduction in blood glucose levels in the treatment rats groups. Therefore addition of V. amygdalina into glibenclamide increased efficacy in the diabetic rats. The interaction between V. amygdalina and glibenclamide in this work was additive and therefore synergistic.

scholarly journals PENGUJIAN EFEKTIVITAS DIURETIK KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN AFRIKA (Gymnanthemum amygdalinum Del.) DAN DAUN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) PADA TIKUS JANTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Delisma Simorangkir
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Palm Leaf

African Leaf and palm leaf crops have a secondary metabolite content such as alkaloids and flavonoids that are efficacious as diuretics. The purpose of this study is to know the effectiveness of diuretics from the combination  African leaf ethanol extract and palm leaf ethanol extract. Methods used Eksperiemental. The test of diuretic activity is conducted divided into 6 treatment groups. Each group consists of 3 tails of white rats. Group 1 (positive control) administered Furosemide 3.6 mg/kgBB, Group 2 (negative control) was given suspension Na-CMC 0.5%, group 3 without treatment as well as groups of 4.5, and 6 in a row administered a combination of African leaf extract doses and extracts Oil palm leaf ethanol in a row of "50 mg/kgBB + 67, 5mg/kgBB"; "100mg/kgBB + 135 mg/kgBB"; and "200 mg/kgBB + 270 mg/kgBB". Each mouse is then given a 20ml NaCl/kgBB as an oral loading dose. Measured urine volume is recorded every hour for 6 hours after it continues to measure urine volume. The results showed that the combination of African leaf ethanol extract dosage and palm leaf ethanol extract had a diuretic effect if it was compared with negative control. The conclusion of the study was the results of the study showed that the combination of African leaf extract dosage and palm leaf extract is the most effective dose of Group 6 (African leaf extract 200 mg/kgBB + palm leaves 270 mg/kgBB ). Because it produces the highest urine volume of 23.01 ml.

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