scholarly journals Targeting Senescent Cells: Possible Implications for Delaying Skin Aging: A Mini-Review

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Velarde ◽  
Marco Demaria
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Secretory Phenotype ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Senescent cells are induced by a wide variety of stimuli. They accumulate in several tissues during aging, including the skin. Senescent cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteases, a phenomenon called senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which are thought to contribute to the functional decline of the skin as a consequence of aging. Due to the potential negative effects of the SASP in aged organisms, drugs that selectively target senescent cells represent an intriguing therapeutic strategy to delay aging and age-related diseases. Here, we review studies on the role of senescent cells in the skin, with particular emphasis on the age-related mechanisms and phenotypes associated with excessive accumulation of cellular senescence. We discuss the aberrant behavior of senescent cells in aging and how the different signaling pathways associated with survival and secretion of senescent cells can be engaged for the development of targeted therapies.

scholarly journals Senescence and Cancer: Role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in SASP

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Nesrine Mabrouk ◽  
Silvia Ghione ◽  
Véronique Laurens ◽  
Stéphanie Plenchette ◽  
Ali Bettaieb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
No Donors ◽  
Cell State ◽  
Age Related ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Secretory Phenotype

Cellular senescence is a cell state involved in both physiological and pathological processes such as age-related diseases and cancer. While the mechanism of senescence is now well known, its role in tumorigenesis still remains very controversial. The positive and negative effects of senescence on tumorigenesis depend largely on the diversity of the senescent phenotypes and, more precisely, on the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this review, we discuss the modulatory effect of nitric oxide (NO) in SASP and the possible benefits of the use of NO donors or iNOS inducers in combination with senotherapy in cancer treatment.

Inflammaging of Female Reproductive System: a Molecular Landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriia Rodichkina ◽  
Igor Kvetnoy ◽  
Victoria Polyakova ◽  
Alexander Arutjunyan ◽  
Ruslan Nasyrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Complex Biological Process ◽  
Secretory Phenotype ◽  
Cellular Stresses

: Aging is a complex biological process, a major aspect of which is the accumulation of somatic changes throughout the life. Cellular senescence is a condition in which cells undergo an irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to various cellular stresses. Once the cells begin to senesce, they become more resistant to any mutagens, including oncogenic factors. Inflammaging (inflammatory aging) is an age-related, chronic and systemic inflammatory condition realized by cells with the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These recently recognized senescent phenotypes associated with aging have been reported to promote better wound healing, embryonic development, as well as stimulation and extension of the tumor process. It is assumed that cellular senescence contributes to age-related decline of reproductive function due to the association of senescent cells with aging and age-related diseases. Thus, SASPs have both positive and negative effects, depending on the biological context. SASP cell accumulation in tissues contributes to an age-related functional decline of the tissue and organ state. In this review, the term “cellular senescence” is used to refer the processes of cells irreversible growth inhibition during their viable state, while the term “aging” is used to indicate the deterioration of tissues due to loss of function. Late reproductive age is associated with infertility and possible complications of the onset and maintenance of pregnancy. Senescent cells express pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases and some other molecules, collectively called the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP).

scholarly journals Cellular Senescence and Mammalian Healthspan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 742-742
Author(s):  
Judith Campisi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Complex Cell ◽  
Transgenic Mouse Models ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Secretory Phenotype ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Cellular senescence is a complex cell fate, often induced by stress or damage, that can be beneficial or deleterious, depending on the physiological context and age of the organism. A prominent feature of senescent cells is a multi-faceted senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which includes growth factors, cytokine and chemokines, growth factors, proteases, bioactive lipids and metabolites. Senescent cells increase with age in most, if not all, mammalian tissues. Through the use of transgenic mouse models, senescent cells are now known to causally drive numerous age-related pathologies, largely through the SASP. Eliminating senescent cells, genetically or through the use of senolytic/senomorphic agents, can improve the health span, at least in mice, and hold promise for extension to humans in the near future.

scholarly journals Flavonoids in Skin Senescence Prevention and Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6814
Author(s):  
Anna Domaszewska-Szostek ◽  
Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka ◽  
Alina Kuryłowicz
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Delayed Wound Healing ◽  
Secretory Phenotype ◽  
Cellular Pathways ◽  
And Function ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Skin aging is associated with the accumulation of senescent cells and is related to many pathological changes, including decreased protection against pathogens, increased susceptibility to irritation, delayed wound healing, and increased cancer susceptibility. Senescent cells secrete a specific set of pro-inflammatory mediators, referred to as a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can cause profound changes in tissue structure and function. Thus, drugs that selectively eliminate senescent cells (senolytics) or neutralize SASP (senostatics) represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for age-associated skin deterioration. There is growing evidence that plant-derived compounds (flavonoids) can slow down or even prevent aging-associated deterioration of skin appearance and function by targeting cellular pathways crucial for regulating cellular senescence and SASP. This review summarizes the senostatic and senolytic potential of flavonoids in the context of preventing skin aging.

scholarly journals Role of Growth Factors-Rich Plasma, Gel and Membrane in Dermal Wound Healing and Injured Tissue Restoration and Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Tariq Mehmood Dar ◽  
Kashif Ali Samin
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Injured Tissue ◽  
Plasma Injection ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Speed Up

Background: The socioeconomic burden on society grows as the incidences of chronic age-related degenerative diseases increase which demand extensive wound care as well. To speed up the healing of cutaneous wounds, new wound healing treatments must be researched, trialed & developed. Regeneration therapies are gaining popularity since they are less invasive than other treatments. Method: Published research paper have been reviewed to develop a concept and analyze the role of Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and Growth factors-rich plasma in speedy wound healing and tissue regeneration. Three patients with diabetic ulcers have been selected and applied Growth factors-rich plasma and membrane treatment on weekly basis and analyzed the results. Results: Growth factors-rich plasma injection and membrane application on wound have produced remarkable wound healing outcome within 3 to 6 applications with new vascularization and re-epithelialization.  Conclusion: Growth factors-rich plasma and membrane application on wound gained favor as a wound-healing therapy due to its constituents which have remarkable potential to speed up the injured tissue repair and regeneration. The release of cytokines with platelet-derived growth molecules enveloped in alpha-granule, promote & facilitate wound healing.

scholarly journals Replenishing the Aged Brains: Targeting Oligodendrocytes and Myelination?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Nanxin Huang ◽  
Lan Xiao ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Tao Li
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Almost All

Aging affects almost all the aspects of brain functions, but the mechanisms remain largely undefined. Increasing number of literatures have manifested the important role of glial cells in regulating the aging process. Oligodendroglial lineage cell is a major type of glia in central nervous system (CNS), composed of mature oligodendrocytes (OLs), and oligodendroglia precursor cells (OPCs). OLs produce myelin sheaths that insulate axons and provide metabolic support to meet the energy demand. OPCs maintain the population throughout lifetime with the abilities to proliferate and differentiate into OLs. Increasing evidence has shown that oligodendroglial cells display active dynamics in adult and aging CNS, which is extensively involved in age-related brain function decline in the elderly. In this review, we summarized present knowledge about dynamic changes of oligodendroglial lineage cells during normal aging and discussed their potential roles in age-related functional decline. Especially, focused on declined myelinogenesis during aging and underlying mechanisms. Clarifying those oligodendroglial changes and their effects on neurofunctional decline may provide new insights in understanding aging associated brain function declines.

scholarly journals AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN THE LIVER

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
V G Radchenko ◽  
P V Seliverstov
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Age Related ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Age Related Changes

In the process of life the human body undergoes a number of changes which, in lead to its aging. Physiological aging is accompanied by irreversible functional and organic restructuring of all systems and organs, including the liver. The most common cause of diffuse changes of a parenchyma of the liver in elderly patients is steatosis, which is an important role of mitochondrial dysfunction. For the treatment and prevention of liver diseases, against skin aging is inevitable, it is expedient to apply preparations with a multidirectional effect on the various links in the pathogenesis of liver damage. Systematic implementation of preventive measures will allow older people to maintain good health and performance for years to come.

scholarly journals Inhibition of JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway Alleviates Age-Related Phenotypes in Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhao Chen ◽  
Longfei Xiao ◽  
Guangchun Dai ◽  
Panpan Lu ◽  
Yuanwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Tendon Tissue ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Stat Signaling ◽  
Secretory Phenotype

Diminished regeneration or healing capacity of tendon occurs during aging. It has been well demonstrated that tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) play a vital role in tendon maintenance and repair. Here, we identified an accumulation of senescent TSPCs in tendon tissue with aging. In aged TSPCs, the activity of JAK-STAT signaling pathway was increased. Besides, genetic knockdown of JAK2 or STAT3 significantly attenuated TSPC senescence in aged TSPCs. Pharmacological inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling pathway with AG490 similarly attenuated cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of aged TSPCs. In addition, inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling pathway also restored the age-related dysfunctions of TSPCs, including self-renewal, migration, actin dynamics, and stemness. Together, our findings reveal the critical role of JAK-STAT signaling pathway in the regulation of TSPC aging and suggest an ideal therapeutic target for the age-related tendon disorders.

scholarly journals Exosomes as Emerging Pro-Tumorigenic Mediators of the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha Jakhar ◽  
Karen Crasta
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Instability ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Therapeutic Resistance ◽  
Tumor Microenvironments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Secretory Phenotype

Communication between cells is quintessential for biological function and cellular homeostasis. Membrane-bound extracellular vesicles known as exosomes play pivotal roles in mediating intercellular communication in tumor microenvironments. These vesicles and exosomes carry and transfer biomolecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Here we focus on exosomes secreted from senescent cells. Cellular senescence can alter the microenvironment and influence neighbouring cells via the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which consists of factors such as cytokines, chemokines, matrix proteases and growth factors. This review focuses on exosomes as emerging SASP components that can confer pro-tumorigenic effects in pre-malignant recipient cells. This is in addition to their role in carrying SASP factors. Transfer of such exosomal components may potentially lead to cell proliferation, inflammation and chromosomal instability, and consequently cancer initiation. Senescent cells are known to gather in various tissues with age; eliminating senescent cells or blocking the detrimental effects of the SASP has been shown to alleviate multiple age-related phenotypes. Hence, we speculate that a better understanding of the role of exosomes released from senescent cells in the context of cancer biology may have implications for elucidating mechanisms by which aging promotes cancer and other age-related diseases, and how therapeutic resistance is exacerbated with age.

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