Prevalence of Dystonia in Antioquia, Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Marcos Solano Atehortúa ◽  
Sandra Patricia Isaza Jaramillo ◽  
Ana Rendón Bañol ◽  
Omar Buritica Henao
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
True Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Log Linear

Background: There are few published epidemiological studies concerning dystonia. Its true prevalence has been difficult to establish. There is no data published in Latin America on this matter. Methods: In this study the prevalence of dystonias in the Department of Antioquia (Colombia) was estimated using a capture-recapture methodology with log-linear modeling, including cases in 3 centers for neurological referrals that cover the Department of Antioquia from 2007 to 2012. Results: The overall prevalence was 712 per 1,000,000 (95% CI 487-937). Of the total of 874 patients, 79% had primary dystonias, and 75.5% had focal dystonias. The delay in diagnosis was longer for primary dystonias, with a median of 1 year. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of dystonias in Antioquia. The frequency of the different types of dystonias, as well as the demographic characteristics of our patients, is similar to data from other populations of the world.

Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in the City of Volta Redonda - Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Using the Capture-Recapture Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Clamon ◽  
Fernanda Pereira ◽  
Benoit Marin ◽  
Pierre-Marie Preux ◽  
Regina Papais Alvarenga
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
True Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Incomplete Lists ◽  
The City

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence in Latin America was estimated in some regions and it was found to range from 0.75 to 30/100,000. The reasons for variation in rates of prevalence around the world still are not clear, but there are environmental and genetic explanations to this phenomenon. This study aimed at estimating the MS prevalence in Volta Redonda, Brazil. Method: Three sources of cases ascertainment were used and the method of capture-recapture was applied for assessing the corrected prevalence in the city of Volta Redonda in November 2012. The capture-recapture method uses data from incomplete lists and allows calculating the number of unregistered cases. Data were analyzed using a log-linear model. Results: A total of 40 MS cases was found by withdrawing overlaps of sources and it was estimated that a total number of 40 cases (95% CI 13.5-118.8) were not detected by the sources. The corrected prevalence of MS was, then, 30.7/100,000. Conclusion: Our study was the first in Brazil to use the capture-recapture method to assess the prevalence of MS, demonstrating the highest prevalence rate so far. It is necessary to perform other similar studies and in other regions of the country using the same method for a better evaluation of the true prevalence of MS our country.

scholarly journals Epidemiological studies of malaria parasite on HIV patients attending General Hospital Awo-Omamma, Oru East, Imo State,Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Treasure Njoku-Obi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Malarial Infection ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World

HIV and malaria are the two most prevalent and deadly diseases in the world. Malaria and HIV accounted for about 255 million cases in 2017, with malaria having 86% of this distribution and HIV having 14% of the distribution. Given the overlap of their geographic distribution and resultant rates of coinfection, interactions between the two diseases pose major public health problems. This study was aimed at investigating the epidemiology of malaria –HIV co-infection in respect to sex, age and its association with CD4+ count and viral load. 230 HIV sero-positive participants and 100 HIV sero-negative participants(control) were employed for this study. 52 (22.6%) of the HIV infected participants tested positive for malaria while only 9(9.0%) of the non-HIV participants tested positive to malaria. The prevalence of malarial infection in HIV positive individuals was higher in females (23.9%) than in males (18.5%). While in age group of 30-39 showed the highest prevalence (35.3%) of co-infection. A high prevalence of 47.7% was recorded with CD4+ below 200 cells/μl than 7.6% in participants with CD4+ greater than 200 cells/μl. A highprevalence (49.2%) was also detected in patients with viral load of above 10,000 copies/μl compared to that of those with viral load less than 10,000 copies/μl(12.6%). This study showed a high prevalence of malaria in HIV patients in Awo-Omamma,Oru East, Imo state. This should be considered a great concern to public health. Thus, more effort should be put in research to curb this health issue.

Completeness of cancer registry data in a small Iranian province: A capture–recapture approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fararouei ◽  
Maryam Marzban ◽  
Gholamhossein Shahraki
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Registry Data ◽  
Cancer Dataset ◽  
Cancer Registry Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Background and Objective: The incidence of cancer is rising in Iran, and hence it is important to assess the accuracy of the Iranian cancer registry dataset. In this study, the completeness of the cancer registry in the Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad (K&B) province is evaluated. Method: The data of registered cases of cancer of people who were living in the K&B province at the time of diagnosis were obtained from the provincial cancer registry offices in K&B, Fars and all other neighbouring provinces. A capture–recapture method along with log-linear statistical modelling were used for analysis. Results: The results indicated that of 2029 known cases of cancer, only 1400 (31%) were registered by the K&B cancer registry office. Age-adjusted incidence rates for all common types of cancer rose from 307.0 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval (CI); 293.8, 320.3, based on observed cases) to 376.4 per 100,000 (95% CI; 361.7, 391.1, based on expected number of cases estimated by capture–recapture analysis) ( p < 0.01). The completeness of cancer registry data varied significantly for different types of cancer. Conclusion: Results suggest that the provincial cancer dataset, which is a part of the national cancer registry programme, is neither complete nor representative. A major improvement in case finding, registry procedures and effective data sharing by provincial cancer registry offices is needed in order to provide valid data for epidemiology of cancer in Iran.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis ofHelicobacter pylori-Related Gastroduodenal Diseases from Molecular Epidemiological Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Yamaoka
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Disease Spectrum ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pyloriis a major human pathogen that infects the stomach and produces inflammation that is responsible for various gastroduodenal diseases. Despite the high prevalence ofH. pyloriinfections in Africa and South Asia, the incidence of gastric cancer in these areas is much lower than in other countries. The incidence of gastric cancer also tends to decrease from north to south in East Asia. Data from molecular epidemiological studies show that this variation in different geographic areas could be explained in part by different types ofH. pylorivirulence factors, especially CagA, VacA, and OipA.H. pyloriinfection is thought to be involved in both gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer, which are at opposite ends of the disease spectrum. This discrepancy can also be explained in part by anotherH. pylorifactor, DupA, as well as by CagA typing (East Asian type versus Western type).H. pylorihas a genome of approximately 1,600 genes; therefore, there might be other novel virulence factors. Because genome wide analyses using whole-genome sequencing technology give a broad view of the genome ofH. pylori, we hope that next-generation sequencers will enable us to efficiently investigate novel virulence factors.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of drug resistant epilepsy in adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Narodova ◽  
N. A. Shnayder ◽  
S. V. Prokopenko ◽  
V. V. Narodova ◽  
A. A. Narodov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
New Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Symptomatic Epilepsy ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Insufficient Number

This review examines the epidemiology of drug resistant epilepsy in adults in Russia and abroad. References were taken from Russian and foreign databases for the period from 2010–2017. Only full-text publications (66) were included in this review. We concluded that the despite the achievements of clinical pharmacology and the development of new antiepileptic drugs, the problem of drug resistant epilepsy remains not fully resolved today. The worldwide high prevalence rate of patients with drug resistant epilepsy substantiates the problem. Thus, the average incidence of this disease varies from 30% to 70%, depending on the type of epilepsy and background pathology, which is the cause of symptomatic epilepsy. However, we have faced the problem of the absence both in Russia and abroad of large multicenter studies on the epidemiology of drug resistant epilepsy in the analyzed period of time. We have also revealed the lack of a unified definition of the disease, which is probably one of the reasons for the insufficient number of epidemiological studies of drug resistant epilepsy in different countries of the world.

scholarly journals Estimating Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Incidence and Mortality Using Capture-recapture, Florida

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Matthias ◽  
Sonya du Bernard ◽  
Julia A Schillinger ◽  
Jaeyoung Hong ◽  
Victoria Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Neonatal Herpes ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Neonatal Herpes Simplex ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Log Linear

Abstract Background Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection (nHSV) leads to severe morbidity and mortality, but national incidence is uncertain. Florida regulations require that healthcare providers report cases, and clinical laboratories report test results when herpes simplex virus (HSV) is detected. We estimated nHSV incidence using laboratory-confirmed provider-reported cases and electronic laboratory reports (ELR) stored separately from provider-reported cases. Mortality was estimated using provider-reported cases, ELR, and vital statistics death records. Methods For 2011–2017, we reviewed: provider-reported cases (infants ≤ 60 days of age with HSV infection confirmed by culture or polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), ELR of HSV-positive culture or PCR results in the same age group, and death certificates containing International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, codes for herpes infection: P35.2, B00.0-B00.9, and A60.0-A60.9. Provider-reported cases were matched against ELR reports. Death certificates were matched with provider and ELR reports. Chapman’s capture-recapture method was used to estimate nHSV incidence and mortality. Mortality from all 3 sources was estimated using log-linear modeling. Results Providers reported 114 nHSV cases, and ELR identified 197 nHSV cases. Forty-six cases were common to both datasets, leaving 265 unique nHSV reports. Chapman’s estimate suggests 483 (95% confidence interval [CI], 383–634) nHSV cases occurred (31.5 infections per 100 000 live births). The nHSV deaths were reported by providers (n = 9), ELR (n = 18), and vital statistics (n = 31), totaling 34 unique reports. Log-linear modeling estimates 35.8 fatal cases occurred (95% CI, 34–40). Conclusions Chapman’s estimates using data collected over 7 years in Florida conclude nHSV infections occurred at a rate of 1 per 3000 live births.

Regional Survey of Demographical and Epidemiological of Geriatric Psychiatric Disorders in Iran

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
A. Mirabzadeh ◽  
S.K. Malakouti ◽  
P. Fatollahi ◽  
T. Zandi ◽  
M. Salavati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dysthymic Disorder ◽  
World Population ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World

Objectives:Today, about 10% of the world population are older than 65 and even it is about 30% in some of society. According to growing of population in the word and in Iran and also high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in this group, demographic and epidemiological studies are necessary.Methods:From 1422 subjects 59 years or older, who were live in Ekbatan district of Tehran, 313 subjects were chosen randomly. Finally 204 subjects were enrolled and completed the questionnaires of GDS-15, GHQ and CES-D. from study sample, 104 subjects were selected randomly and interviewed by CIDI to validate psychiatric disorders.Results:According to our study, 53.4% of subjects were women and 46.6% of them were male and 63% of the population were between 60-75. the life time prevalence for all psychiatric disorders were 35% and the period prevalence were 17.5%. 25.2% of subjects had only one psychiatric disorder and 6.8% and 2.9% of them had two and three or more psychiatric disorders, respectively. the most prevalence of psychiatric disorders were Major depressive disorder, Dysthymic disorder, OCD and PTSD, respectively. Some subjects had not engaged in treatment.Conclusion:The results of this study revealed that the psychiatric disorders in Iranian geriatric population are common. It seems that these results can be helpful for mental health services.

scholarly journals Do spirometry for patients with cardiovascular diseases?

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
B M Nazarov ◽  
K A Zykov ◽  
L G Ratova ◽  
O Yu Agapova ◽  
Yu A Dolgusheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

In recent decades cardiovascular (CVD) and COPD diseases are widespread around the world, leading to a high prevalence of patients with comorbidity, especially arterial hypertension (AH) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and/or bronchial asthma (BA). The growing number of patients with this comorbidity is due to increased hypertension, COPD, and asthma comorbidities, with the increase of the geriatric population of patients with these pathologies. Epidemiological studies have shown that the deterioration of lung function is as strong a predictor of cardiovascular mortality, as well as major cardiovascular risk factors. However, spirometry in patients with CVD is carried out infrequently. Inadequate spirometric diagnostics of COPD and asthma, especially in patients with cardiovascular disease, affects the clinical course of both diseases, leading to inappropriate treatment and poor prognosis for the patient. The need for extensive screening spirometry in all patients with CVD is not proven. Thera are no spirometry reference values in patients with CVD, which makes it almost impossible to use these parameters in stratification of CV risk. This dictates the need for further research to clarify the relationship between the severity and characteristics of the various CVD and spirometric parameters.

scholarly journals Frequency and Distribution of Dental Anomalies in Iran: A Radiographic Survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Maryam Tofangchiha ◽  
Somayyeh Azimi ◽  
Masoud Neirizi
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tooth Impaction ◽  
Mandibular Molar ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Female Data ◽  
Ethnic Variations

ABSTRACT Aim Many epidemiological studies have been performed around the world in order to determine the frequency of different types of dental anomalies. There are regional and ethnic variations in the prevalence of dental anomalies. To determine the prevalence of developmental and acquired dental anomalies in Iran, study was done from 2011 to 2012. Materials and methods A total of 1,000 digital panoramic radiographs of patient were evaluated which consisted of 424 (42/4%) male and 576 (57/6%) female. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Results Wisdom tooth impaction was the most prevalent anomaly (41.4% in females and 36% in males) followed by missing (8.7% male, 7/3% female), microdontia (3.2%), dilacerations (2.2%), macrodontia (1%), supernumerary teeth (0.8%), fusion and taurodontism (0.2%). A case of bilateral second mandibular molar impaction was observed. Germination, transposition and concrescence were not observed. Among the acquired anomalies, hypercementosis (0.6%) and internal resorption (0.4%) were the most prevalent respectively. External resorption was not observed. Conclusion Comparison of these results with those of other studies, showed that the frequency of these disorders were different in countries and communities around the world. Knowledge about these anomalies may facilitate the endodontic, prosthodontics, periodontics and surgical management of such teeth. How to cite this article Tofangchiha M, Azimi S, Neirizi M. Frequency and Distribution of Dental Anomalies in Iran: A Radiographic Survey. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1): 14-17.

Knowledge and Awareness of Dengue Fever

2018 ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Y. Arockia Suganthi ◽  
Chitra K. ◽  
J. Magelin Mary
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control

Dengue fever is a painful mosquito-borne infection caused by different types of virus in various localities of the world. There is no particular medicine or vaccine to treat person suffering from dengue fever. Dengue viruses are transmitted by the bite of female Aedes (Ae) mosquitoes. Dengue fever viruses are mainly transmitted by Aedes which can be active in tropical or subtropical climates. Aedes Aegypti is the key step to avoid infection transmission to save millions of people in all over the world. This paper provides a standard guideline in the planning of dengue prevention and control measures. At the same time gives the priorities including clinical management and hospitalized dengue patients have to address essentially.

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