Pap Test Reporting Rates for Conventional Smear and Liquid-Based Cervical Cytology from the Largest Academic Women's Hospital in China: Analysis of 1,248,785 Pap Test Reports

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Tao ◽  
R. Marshall Austin ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Lihong Zhang ◽  
Jianan Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Pap Tests ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
The Bethesda System ◽  
Reporting Rates

Objective: The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University (OGHFU) in Shanghai is the largest academic women's hospital in China. Between 2009 and 2014, the use of liquid-based cytology (LBC) significantly increased while gradually adopting the Bethesda System (TBS), and in 2012 local regulations mandated that pathologists replace technicians to sign out Pap tests. Design: A retrospective OGHFU database search documented all Pap test reports between 2009 and 2014 by specimen type, either LBC or conventional Pap smears (CPS), and final reporting category. A total of 1,224,785 Pap reports were analyzed to document variations in Pap test reporting during a period of major change in cervical screening in China. Results: LBC gradually replaced CPS, which declined from over 65% of Pap tests in 2010 to 6.4% in 2014. Of 514,811 Pap reports using the traditional class system, class I (negative) reports accounted for 98.3% of results. With the introduction of TBS reporting, pathologist reviews and substantial replacement of CPS by LBC, the laboratory abnormal Pap test rate increased significantly to almost 5%. Conclusions: Changes in cervical cytology reporting between 2009 and 2014 in China's largest academic women's hospital reflected both increased use of LBC and the introduction of pathologist TBS reporting. Abnormality rates increased significantly and fell within CAP benchmark ranges.

The cytologic conclusion in accordance a terminology system The Bethesda system 2014: what’s new?

2017 ◽  
pp. 82-84
Author(s):  
O.V. Rykovа ◽  
◽  
T.P. Bogomaz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
The Bethesda System ◽  
Terminology System

The paper presents the principles of the conclusions Pap test in accordance with the terminology system Bethesda, 2014, and their correlation with other classifications cytological findings. Key words: cervical cancer, cervical screening, traditional cytology, liquid-based cytology, PAP-test, The Bethesda system.

The cytologic conclusion in accordance a terminology system The Bethesda system 2014: what’s new?

2017 ◽  
pp. 62-64
Author(s):  
O.V. Rykovа ◽  
◽  
T.P. Bogomaz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
The Bethesda System ◽  
Terminology System

The paper presents the principles of the conclusions Pap test in accordance with the terminology system Bethesda, 2014, and their correlation with other classifications cytological findings. Key words: cervical cancer, cervical screening, traditional cytology, liquid-based cytology, PAP-test, The Bethesda system.

The cytologic conclusion in accordance a terminology system The Bethesda system 2014: what's new?

2017 ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
O.V. Rykovа ◽  
◽  
T.P. Bogomaz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
The Bethesda System ◽  
Terminology System

The paper presents the principles of the conclusions Pap test in accordance with the terminology system Bethesda, 2014, and their correlation with other classifications cytological findings. Key words: cervical cancer, cervical screening, traditional cytology, liquid-based cytology, PAP-test, The Bethesda system.

scholarly journals Bethesda System Reporting Rates for Conventional Papanicolaou Tests and Liquid-Based Cytology in a Large Chinese, College of American Pathologists–Certified Independent Medical Laboratory: Analysis of 1 394 389 Papanicolaou Test Reports

2015 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baowen Zheng ◽  
R. Marshall Austin ◽  
Xiaoman Liang ◽  
Zaibo Li ◽  
Congde Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Atypical Glandular Cells ◽  
International College ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
The Bethesda System ◽  
Reporting Rates

Context Reports that use the Bethesda System categories for Chinese Papanicolaou test results are rare. Objective To document and analyze rates reported in the Bethesda System for conventional Papanicolaou tests and liquid-based cytology between 2007 and 2012 in China's largest College of American Pathologists–accredited laboratory. Design Results from 1 394 389 Papanicolaou tests, rendered between 2007 and 2012 by the Guangzhou Kingmed Diagnostics Cytology Laboratory, were documented by the Bethesda System report categories and Papanicolaou test methodology, which included both conventional Papanicolaou tests and 4 different liquid-based cytology preparations. Results Results were documented for 326 297 conventional Papanicolaou tests and 1 068 092 liquid-based cytology specimens, which included 928 884 ThinPrep (Hologic, Bedford, Massachusetts), 63 465 SurePath (BD Diagnostics, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey), 50 422 Liqui-Prep (LGM International, Melbourne, Florida), and 25 321 Lituo liquid-cytology (Lituo Biotechnology Co, Hunan, China) specimens. Abnormality rates reported were significantly higher with liquid-based cytology than they were with conventional Papanicolaou tests in all the Bethesda System categories (P < .001). Reporting rates were within the 2006 benchmark ranges from the College of American Pathologists, except for atypical glandular cells (low) and unsatisfactory rates for conventional Papanicolaou tests (low). Conclusion Participation in the international College of American Pathologists Laboratory Accreditation Program provides laboratory quality standards not otherwise available in many international settings.

Normal-Appearing Endometrial Cells in Pap Tests of Women Aged Forty Years or Older and Cytohistological Correlates

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narges Izadi-Mood ◽  
Soheila Sarmadi ◽  
Sanaz Sanii ◽  
Hossein Sadidi
Keyword(s):  
Pap Test ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Endometrial Sampling ◽  
Pap Tests ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Bethesda System

Objective: The Bethesda System 2001 for reporting cervical cytology recommends reporting benign-appearing, exfoliated endometrial cells in women aged 40 years or older. The objective of this study was to determine the significance of normal endometrial cells in conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) tests of women aged 40 years and older and to correlate this finding with histological follow-up. Study Design: Over a period of 5 years, all Pap tests showing endometrial cells in women aged ≥40 years were identified. Histological follow-up and outcome were evaluated. Results: Out of 17,275 Pap tests, 199 (1.15%) showed benign endometrial cells. Forty-seven of these 199 patients had subsequent tissue sampling by surgical procedures including endometrial curettage (n = 31), lower genital tract biopsy (n = 30) and hysterectomy (n = 2). Overall, out of 47 cases, 3 (6.4%) had significant endometrial pathology including 2 simple hyperplasias without atypia and 1 complex hyperplasia with atypia. Conclusion: The incidence of clinically significant endometrial lesions associated with the presence of endometrial cells in Pap tests of women aged 40 years and older was very low. Considering this finding, women aged between 40 and 50 years with benign endometrial cells in a Pap test should undertake endometrial sampling only when additional clinical indicators are recognized.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Cervical Cytology and Histopathological Cervical Biopsy Findings According to the Bethesda System / Stepen Korelacije Cervikalne Citologije Po Bethesda Klasifikaciji Sa Patohistološkim Nalazima Cervikalne Biopsije

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
Gordana M Sosic ◽  
Goran Babic ◽  
Aleksandra Dimitrijevic ◽  
Slobodanka Mitrovic ◽  
Mirjana Varjacic
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
The Bethesda System

ABSTRACT The Pap test (Pap smear) is a morphological cytodiagnostic test that reveals premorbid and early stages of cervical cancer through the use of cervicovaginal cytology. The present study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center Kragujevac, from January 01, 2013, to December 1, 2013, with patients who were part of the national screening program and who used a secondary cytological examination (Pap test) performed using a conventional method. The patients were grouped according to the results of a Pap smear and histopathological findings. The classification of cytological smears was performed in accordance with the Bethesda system. The hypotheses established in this study were statistically tested. The greatest number of cytological findings was NILM. However, the most frequent abnormal cytological findings in terms of percentage were ASC-US. After secondary cervical findings of 8.1% of the total number of women, biopsies were performed. In 68.57% of the biopsies performed, CIN was present in all of them, with the most frequent ones being LSIL (50.6%), HSIL (10.4%) and CA Invasiva (0.5%). This study, using the X2 test, confirmed that cervical cytology and biopsy results are dependent features (sig. = 0.036), between which there is a medium association (Cramer’s V = 0.176). In the ASC-US cytological findings, small percentages of CIN1 and CIN2 were detected. Cervical cytology in this study presented high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value. As a relatively inexpensive, painless and easily approachable method, cervical cytology fully substantiates its implementation in diagnostic procedures as well as in organized screening programs.

Effects of the Bethesda System on the Rate of Unsatisfactory Pap Smears in Spontaneous Cervical Screening

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nori Morini ◽  
Lauro Bucchi ◽  
Carlo Naldoni ◽  
Patrizia Schincaglia ◽  
Nadia Capacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Screening Practice ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
The Bethesda System ◽  
Substantial Change ◽  
Cytology Report

Aims In 1990, The Bethesda System (TBS) was introduced into spontaneous cervical screening practice in Ravenna, Italy. Negative/benign reports with the recommendation for early repeat smears (RERS) due to some limitation in sample adequacy were considered no longer acceptable. A monitoring program for the rate of unsatisfactory smears (UNS) was implemented. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of such changes in the screening procedure. Methods The frequency of UNS in 1990 was compared with that of UNS+RERS in 1988 (assumed as a baseline year) by the calculation of the standardized rate ratio with the 95% confidence interval (CI). The trend in the standardized rate of UNS from 1990 to 1994 was evaluated by the calculation of the average annual variation with the 95% CI. Results The immediate effect of TBS (1990:1988 comparison) was a significant increase in the rate of UNS attributable to scant cellularity, poor fixation and thick areas (rate ratio, 2.35; 95% CI, 2.18 to 2.53) and to the absence of endocervical component (1.45; 95% CI, 1.30 to 1.60). The rate of UNS attributable to the presence of cytolysis, inflammation, blood and foreign material decreased by about 6 times (0.16; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.19). The midterm effect of TBS (trend from 1990 to 1994) was a decrease in the total rate of UNS by an average of 2.3% per year. The downward trend was significant for smears showing scant cellularity, poor fixation and thick areas (-1.5% per year) and the absence of endocervical component (-0.7% per year). UNS attributable to the presence of cytolysis, inflammation, blood and foreign material stabilized. Conclusions TBS led to a substantial change in the type of information provided by the cytology report (Immediate effect). The monitoring program according to TBS led to a reduction in UNS attributable to sample taker (midterm effect).

scholarly journals Environmental Performance of Xylene, Hydrochloric Acid and Ammonia Solution During Pap Stain for Diagnosing Cervical Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Jeel J. Moya-Salazar ◽  
Victor A Rojas-Zumaran
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Pap Testing ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
The Bethesda System

Background. Little importance has been placed on sustainability of the Papanicolaou (Pap) stain, the gold standard for the diagnosis of cervical cancer, for global environmental health. The standard Pap stain uses environmentally toxic and carcinogenic reactants such as xylene, hydrochloric acid and ammonia solution. Objectives. To eradicate the use of environmentally toxic and carcinogenic reactants through the validation of the Ecologic Papanicolaou (Eco-Pap) test. Methods. Reagent handling strategies were divided in three phases: used Harris' progressive hematoxilin, polychromatic solution and direct mounting that were analyzed by PEED-Cytology, Staining Quality Index (ICT) and the Bethesda system 2014. Results. A total of 52,319 Pap smears stained with Eco-Pap were admitted (ICT=0.91). Validation of the Eco-Pap versus conventional staining was optimal (Kappa =0.89) and the sensitivity and specificity of the method were 57% and 98%, respectively. Eco-Pap reduced the environmental contamination produced by xylene (66 liters), hydrochloric acid and ammonia (5.5 liters each) over nine months, and all diagnoses coincided with the cytological details. Conclusions. The Eco-Pap is an innovative method that transforms Pap testing into a sustainable and supportable technology.

The Pap Test and Bethesda 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Nayar ◽  
David C. Wilbur
Keyword(s):  
Pap Test ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
The Bethesda System

The history of ‘The Bethesda System' for reporting cervical cytology goes back almost 3 decades. This terminology and the process that created it have had a profound impact on the practice of cervical cytology for laboratorians and clinicians alike. The Bethesda conferences and their ensuing output have also set the stage for standardization of terminology across multiple organ systems, including both cytology and histology, have initiated significant research in the biology and cost-effective management for human papillomavirus-associated anogenital lesions, and, finally, have fostered worldwide unification of clinical management for these lesions. Herein, we summarize the process and rationale by which updates were made to the terminology in 2014 and outline the contents of the new, third edition of the Bethesda atlas and corresponding website.

Incidence of Atypical Glandular Cells of Uncertain Significance in Cervical Cytology Following Introduction of the Bethesda System

1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Eddy ◽  
Serdar H. Ural ◽  
Kenneth B. Strumpf ◽  
Martha A. Wojtowycz ◽  
Pamela S. Piraino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Uncertain Significance ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Atypical Glandular Cells ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
The Bethesda System
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