Frontal Lobe Degeneration in Adults with Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Mascarenhas Fonseca ◽  
Juliana Emy Yokomizo ◽  
Cassio Machado Bottino ◽  
Daniel Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
And Behavior

Background: There is a proven link between Down syndrome and the early development of the neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Changes in the personality and behavior of adults with Down syndrome might indicate the early stages of dementia or of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The objective of this study was to investigate the executive functions and changes in behavior associated with frontal lobe degeneration in individuals with Down syndrome who develop AD. We conducted a systematic review selecting studies employing cognitive assessments. Summary: We identified few studies using objective measurements to determine whether cognitive aspects associated with the frontal lobe correlate with dementia in this population. We observed a tendency toward such correlations. Key Messages: There is a need for further studies in which objective measures of cognitive and behavioral factors are evaluated together with data related to brain function and morphology.

scholarly journals Effects of Light Treatment on Sleep, Cognition, Mood, and Behavior in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 371-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micaela Mitolo ◽  
Caterina Tonon ◽  
Chiara La Morgia ◽  
Claudia Testa ◽  
Valerio Carelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Intervention Treatment ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Bright Light Treatment

Background: Bright light treatment is a therapeutic intervention mainly used to treat sleep and circadian disturbances in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Recently, a handful of studies also focused on the effect on cognition and behavior. Conflicting findings are reported in the literature, and no definite conclusions have been drawn about its specific therapeutic effect. Summary: The aim of this review is to provide a critical evaluation of available evidence in this field, highlighting the specific characteristics of effective bright light treatment. Eligible studies were required to assess at least one of the following outcome measures: sleep, cognition, mood, and/or behavior (e.g., depression, agitation). A total of 32 articles were included in this systematic review and identified as research intervention studies about light treatment in AD. The quality of the papers was evaluated based on the US Preventive Service Task Force guidelines. Key Messages: Overall, the current literature suggests that the effects of light treatment in AD patients are mixed and may be influenced by several factors, but with a general trend toward a positive effect. Bright light seems to be a promising intervention treatment without significant adverse effects; therefore, further well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed taking into account the highlighted recommendations.

Exercise effects on brain and behavior in healthy mice, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease model—A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 383 ◽  
pp. 112488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Medeiros da Costa Daniele ◽  
Pedro Felipe Carvalhedo de Bruin ◽  
Robson Salviano de Matos ◽  
Gabriela Sales de Bruin ◽  
Cauby Maia Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Learning Multi-Modal Biomarker Representations via Globally Aligned Longitudinal Enrichments

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 817-824
Author(s):  
Lyujian Lu ◽  
Saad Elbeleidy ◽  
Lauren Zoe Baker ◽  
Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Local Projections ◽  
Entire Dataset ◽  
Modal Method

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that severely impacts patients' thinking, memory and behavior. To aid automatic AD diagnoses, many longitudinal learning models have been proposed to predict clinical outcomes and/or disease status, which, though, often fail to consider missing temporal phenotypic records of the patients that can convey valuable information of AD progressions. Another challenge in AD studies is how to integrate heterogeneous genotypic and phenotypic biomarkers to improve diagnosis prediction. To cope with these challenges, in this paper we propose a longitudinal multi-modal method to learn enriched genotypic and phenotypic biomarker representations in the format of fixed-length vectors that can simultaneously capture the baseline neuroimaging measurements of the entire dataset and progressive variations of the varied counts of follow-up measurements over time of every participant from different biomarker sources. The learned global and local projections are aligned by a soft constraint and the structured-sparsity norm is used to uncover the multi-modal structure of heterogeneous biomarker measurements. While the proposed objective is clearly motivated to characterize the progressive information of AD developments, it is a nonsmooth objective that is difficult to efficiently optimize in general. Thus, we derive an efficient iterative algorithm, whose convergence is rigorously guaranteed in mathematics. We have conducted extensive experiments on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data using one genotypic and two phenotypic biomarkers. Empirical results have demonstrated that the learned enriched biomarker representations are more effective in predicting the outcomes of various cognitive assessments. Moreover, our model has successfully identified disease-relevant biomarkers supported by existing medical findings that additionally warrant the correctness of our method from the clinical perspective.

scholarly journals Alzheimer's disease clinical onset and age at death in people with Down syndrome: A systematic review and population‐based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (S10) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Florencia Iulita ◽  
Diana Garzón ◽  
Alexandre Bejanin ◽  
Natalia Valle Tamayo ◽  
Laura Videla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Clinical Onset

Formation of paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 302-303
Author(s):  
J. Metuzals ◽  
D. F. Clapin ◽  
V. Montpetit
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Giant Axon ◽  
Paired Helical Filaments ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Protein Assemblies ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Helical Symmetry ◽  
Structural Levels

Information on the conformation of paired helical filaments (PHF) and the neurofilamentous (NF) network is essential for an understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation of the primary lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD): tangles and plaques. The structural and chemical relationships between the NF and the PHF have to be clarified in order to discover the etiological factors of this disease. We are investigating by stereo electron microscopic and biochemical techniques frontal lobe biopsies from patients with AD and squid giant axon preparations. The helical nature of the lesion in AD is related to pathological alterations of basic properties of the nervous system due to the helical symmetry that exists at all hierarchic structural levels in the normal brain. Because of this helical symmetry of NF protein assemblies and PHF, the employment of structure reconstruction techniques to determine the conformation, particularly the handedness of these structures, is most promising. Figs. 1-3 are frontal lobe biopsies.

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