The Central Role of Neuroscientists under National Socialism

2016 ◽  
pp. 168-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Zeidman
Keyword(s):  
National Socialism

The Return of the New Woman and Other Subjects of Weimar Gender History

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
MARTI LYBECK
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Weimar Republic ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Gender History ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Femininity And Masculinity ◽  
The New Woman

After a drought of more than a decade, a substantial group of recent works has begun revisiting Weimar gender history. The fields of Weimar and Nazi gender history have been closely linked since the field was defined thirty years ago by the appearance of the anthologyWhen Biology Became Destiny: Women in Weimar and Nazi Germany. Following a flurry of pioneering work in the 1980s and early 1990s, few new monographs were dedicated to investigating the questions posed in that formative moment of gender history. Kathleen Canning, the current main commentator on Weimar gender historiography, in an essay first published shortly before the works under review, found that up to that point the ‘gender scholarship on the high-stakes histories of Weimar and Nazi Germany has not fundamentally challenged categories or temporalities’. Weimar gender, meanwhile, has been intensively analysed in the fields of cultural, film, and literary studies. The six books discussed in this essay reverse these trends, picking up on the central question of how gender contributed to the end of the Weimar Republic and the rise to power of National Socialism. In addition, four of the books concentrate solely on reconstructing the dynamics of gender relations during the Weimar period itself in their discussions of prostitution, abortion and representations of femininity and masculinity. Is emerging gender scholarship now shaping larger questions of German early twentieth-century history? How are new scholars revising our view of the role of gender in this tumultuous time?

A Tale of Two Publishers

Strange Bird ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele K. Troy
Keyword(s):  
National Socialism ◽  
German Economy ◽  
Book Trade ◽  
To Come

This chapter examines Albatross Press's acquisition of Bernhard Tauchnitz. Few Tauchnitz or Albatross readers knew the reasons behind the near demise and resurrection of Tauchnitz, or the machinations behind its sale. In book trade circles in Leipzig, one rumor that circulated was that Sir Edmund Davis, the financial weight behind Albatross, wanted to purchase Tauchnitz. The Reich Literary Chamber, charged with oversight of all publishing matters in Germany, had not only approved but also officiated over the Albatross-Tauchnitz merger. This chapter considers John Holroyd-Reece's negotiations with Oscar Brandstetter that sealed the Albatross-Tauchnitz union; the agreements that would guarantee Albatross a role in the German economy for years to come; and the role of National Socialism in the Brandstetter enterprises.

scholarly journals A QUESTIONABILIDADE DO CONCEITO DE PAISAGEM

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert GRÖNING
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Final Goal

Com freqüência o conceito de paisagem parece estar associa- do a esperanças igualmente misteriosas e, de alguma forma, supostamente capazes de transmitir a verdade, em especial desde que, na República Federal da Alemanha, se propagou o ideário ecológico. Para essa afirmativa encontramos reitera-da comprovação nas pesquisas paisagísticas da segunda metade do século 20 que, como me parece, embora tenham sido realizadas numa época em que a industrialização já era um fato onipresente, estão vinculadas3 a uma noção pré-in-dustrial de “paisagem”, ou seja, a uma “paisagem” em que a indústria era ainda inexistente. Neste estudo pretendo também chamar a atenção para alguns temas como: o conservado- rismo do interesse pela “paisagem”, o surgimento da “paisa-gem” como programa social, a “paisagem” da era nacional- socialista, a “paisagem” dos adversários da urbe, a “paisagem” de cunho antroposófico e, finalmente, o papel da “paisagem” no século XX e início do século XXI; esses temas poderão contribuir para a compreensão dos motivos que tornam questionável a persistência de um tal conceito de “paisagem”. About the questionability of landscape notion Abstract Both the notion of “landscape” and mysterious hopes seem to be linked together and they are believed to somehow tell the truth. In the Federal Republic of Germany this especially seems to have increased after ecological thoughts which began to circulate from the 1970s onwards. In the last quarter of the twentieth century, repeated studies about a so-called “landscape picture”, at a time of omni-present industrialization adhered to a pre-industrial image of “landscape”, that is a “landscape” without industry, document this.4 Further a few points are presented such as the conservative interest in “landscape”, the development of “landscape” as a societal program, the “landscape” in National Socialism, the “landscape” of those hostile towards cities, the anthroposophically oriented “landscape”, and, finally, the role of “landscape” in the twentieth and the beginning of the twentyfirst century. The final goal is to elaborate on the notion that it is questionable to further stick to such a notion of “landscape”.

Dining with the Perpetrators. Eva Diamantstein's Performative Exploration of the Role of Women in National Socialism

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
ANJA I. KLÖCK
Keyword(s):  
National Socialism ◽  
Collective Communication ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Frankfurt Am Main ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Experiential Quality

Eva Diamantstein's play and production of Nachtmahl (Supper) premiered during the Spielart Theatre Festival in Munich, Germany, in November 2001, and subsequently toured to Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg and Vienna in 2002. Both a research project and a theatrical enterprise, Nachtmahl is based on the biographies of four women who actively participated in various Nazi projects. Seated at a long table and having a four-course dinner together with the female characters, the spectators gradually discover their histories while the theatre becomes a dynamic space of coexistences, in which the continuities between past and present acquire a material and experiential quality. By situating Nachtmahl within the historiographical strategies crystallizing around women and National Socialism, the author discusses the production's use of social rituals, strategies of domination and intimidation and mechanisms of collective communication. The production explores how culturally conditioned strategies of exoneration function as devices for separating oneself from a seemingly distanced past.

The National-Socialist Campaign Against Natural Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Fraenkel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
National Socialists ◽  
Religious Elements

This chapter looks in detail at the rejection by the National-Socialists of Natural Law. The flat rejection of the rationalist traditions of Natural Law resulted in a conflict between National-Socialism and the advocates of Natural Law traditions. The chapter looks at the two opposing groups to try to fathom the historical significance of the National-Socialist attitudes toward Natural Law. In order to do this, it is stated, an examination of the role of religious elements in Natural Law is essential. However, it is argued, the religious elements are not the only consideration. While it is true that the Christian religion is both historically and doctrinally bound to Natural Law, rationalistic Natural Law is not necessarily dependent on the Christian notions with which it has often been associated. Both sides are discussed in detail.

Nationalsozialismus in deutschen, österreichischen und englischen Lehrwerken der Sekundarstufe I (1980–2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-108
Author(s):  
Philipp Mittnik
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Full Text ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Textbook Analysis ◽  
Sekundarstufe I ◽  
English Textbooks ◽  
Selection Of

*Full text is in GermanNational Socialism in German, Austrian and English Secondary School Textbooks (1980–2017)English AbstractThis article analyzes a selection of German, Austrian and English textbooks dealing with National Socialism. By adopting Waltraud Schreiber’s methodology of categorial textbook analysis, the article presents the surface structure and building blocks as a basis for further analysis. The occurrence (or absence) of the pedagogical historical principle of multiperspectivity is examined with reference to the example of sections concerning “Youth in National Socialism.” Subsequently, the study explores the role of multiperspectivity in the construction of critical historical consciousness. This is followed by a deconstruction of the image of women presented in the textbooks, with particular emphasis on simplifications.German AbstractDie Analyse von Schulbüchern aus Deutschland, Österreich und England zum Themenbereich Nationalsozialismus stehen im Zentrum dieses Artikels. Als Methodologie wird die kategoriale Schulbuchanalyse nach Waltraud Schreiber angewandt. Die Erarbeitung der Oberflächenstruktur und der Bausteine werden als Grundlage für weitere Analyseschritte präsentiert. Das (Nicht-) Vorkommen des bedeutenden geschichtsdidaktischen Prinzips der Multiperspektivität wird am Beispiel des Abschnittes „Jugend im Nationalsozialismus“ beschrieben. Multiperspektivität und deren Bedeutung für den Aufbau eines kritischen Geschichtsbewusstseins wird in einem weiteren Schritt hervorgehoben. Abschließend wird das in den Schulbüchern präsentierte Frauenbild dekonstruiert und auf die problematischen Vereinfachungen hingewiesen.

scholarly journals Norwegian Fascism in a Transnational Perspective: The Influence of German National Socialism and Italian Fascism on the Nasjonal Samling, 1933–1936

Fascism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-60
Author(s):  
Martin Kristoffer Hamre
Keyword(s):  
National Socialism ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Italian Fascism ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
National Movement ◽  
The Common ◽  
Party Press

Following the transnational turn within fascist studies, this paper examines the role German National Socialism and Italian Fascism played in the transformation of the Norwegian fascist party Nasjonal Samling in the years 1933–1936. It takes the rivalry of the two role models as the initial point and focusses on the reception of Italy and Germany in the party press of the Nasjonal Samling. The main topics of research are therefore the role of corporatism, the involvement in the organization caur and the increasing importance of anti-Semitism. One main argument is that both indirect and direct German influence on the Nasjonal Samling in autumn 1935 led to a radicalization of the party and the endorsement of anti-Semitic attitudes. However, the Nasjonal Samling under leader Vidkun Quisling never prioritized Italo-German rivalry as such. Instead, it perceived itself as an independent national movement in the common battle of a European-wide phenomenon against its arch-enemies: liberalism and communism.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hierarchy on Moral Silence in Healthcare: What Can the Holocaust Teach Us?

Conatus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ashley K Fernandes ◽  
DiAnn Ecret
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Professional Students ◽  
Parallel Features

Physicians, nurses, and healthcare professional students openly (and in many cases, eagerly) participated in the medical atrocities of the Shoah. In this paper, a physician-bioethicist and nurse-bioethicist examine the role of hierarchical power imbalances in medical education, which often occur because trainees are instructed ‘to do so’ by their superiors during medical education and clinical care. We will first examine the nature of medical and nursing education under National Socialism: were there cultural, educational, moral and legal pressures which entrenched professional hierarchies and thereby commanded obedience in the face of an ever-diminishing individual and collective conscience? We will then outline relevant parallel features in modern medical education, including the effects of hierarchy in shaping ethical decision making and conscience formation. We then propose several solutions for the prevention of the negative effects of hierarchical power imbalances in medical education: (1) universal Holocaust education in medical and nursing schools; (2) formative and experiential ethics instruction, which teaches students to ‘speak up’ when ethical issues arise; (3) acceptance of, and adherence to, a personalistic philosophical anthropology in healthcare; (4) support for rigorous conscience protection laws for minority ethical views that respect the role of integrity without compromising patient care.

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