scholarly journals Pathobiology of MicroRNAs and Their Emerging Role in Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Ludvíková ◽  
David Kalfeřt ◽  
Ivana Kholová
Keyword(s):  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Distinct Disease

Objective: MicroRNAs (miRs) are noncoding, single-stranded regulatory RNA molecules involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. They control the development and maintenance of the diverse cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, motility and apoptosis. Expression of miRs is tissue-specific and each alteration of the tissue miR profile is associated with a distinct disease status. Study Design: We reviewed the literature on the expression of miRs in thyroid tumors, focusing on methodology and diagnostic and prognostic output. Separately, we analyzed 11 studies on miR profiles in thyroid cytological material. Results: Numerous studies have evaluated the miR profiles of thyroid tumors in an attempt to find a possible diagnostic and prognostic role. Both downregulation and upregulation of numerous miRs was found, but differences between the surgical pathology specimens and corresponding fine-needle aspirates in the expression of the same miRs were also reported. Conclusions: The results from surgically resected material cannot be extrapolated into preoperative use without validation. For diagnostic use, the strong overlap between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma miR profiles is challenging. In summary, miR-221 and miR-222 are consistently upregulated in different types of thyroid carcinomas and might be used as markers of malignancy.

The Thyroid Gland: Recurring Problems in Histologic and Cytologic Evaluation

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-632
Author(s):  
William C. Faquin
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Common Malignancy

Abstract Nodules of the thyroid gland are frequently encountered, occurring in up to 7% of the population, and although most of these nodules are benign, carcinomas of the thyroid gland are the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. Although the different types of thyroid carcinoma are few, a wide variety of recurring problems exists in both their histologic and cytologic evaluation. Here, I will review a selected group of problematic areas, including unusual histologic variants of follicular adenoma, criteria for diagnosing minimally invasive follicular carcinoma, the use of fine-needle aspiration as a screening test for follicular neoplasia, challenging variants of papillary carcinoma, and features of poorly differentiated carcinoma.

scholarly journals Correlation between fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathological examination in thyroid swellings-a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4381
Author(s):  
Sanjay V. Gupta ◽  
Manish Munjal ◽  
Devyani Gupta ◽  
Siddharth Gupta ◽  
Shubham Munjal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

Background: Thyroid swellings are an enigma that necessitates either, a partial thyroidectomy and a tissue diagnosis to be followed by completion surgery or straightaway a radical intervention. A preoperative presumptive diagnosis of a thyroid swelling, solitary or otherwise is correlated with the post-surgical histopathological finding in the present study.Methods: 30 patients of thyroid nodules were selected from the head-neck tumour clinic of Dayanand medical college hospital, Ludhiana. Pre-operative fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed and subjects taken for thyroidectomy, partial or total as the case maybe.Results: There were 20 (66.6%) females in the age group 25-65 years and 10 males (33.3%) 19-50 years with thyroid nodules. 86.6%, 26 patients were of follicular adenoma, 10% 3 patients of papillary carcinoma and 3.33% 1 patient of follicular carcinoma. No case in this study was reported as medullary carcinoma. In the cytological diagnosis of follicular neoplasm in 5 cases, 3 were diagnosed as thyroid adenoma, 2 were finally found to be papillary carcinoma. Overall sensitivity of fine needle aspiration was 40%. There was 84.6% agreement in follicular adenoma; 33% in papillary carcinoma and 100% in follicular carcinoma, and overall accuracy was 85.7%.Conclusion: FNAC is an ideal preoperative investigative modality in thyroid swellings with overall accuracy of 85 % and can differentiate preoperatively a benign from a   malignant thyromegaly; and thereby plan extent of surgery, with or without a neck dissection, Maximum cases of follicular adenoma could be easily diagnosed with this aspiration modality.                                               

scholarly journals Better Understanding in the Differentiation of Thyroid Follicular Adenoma, Follicular Carcinoma, and Follicular Variant of Papillary Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Hyun Yoon ◽  
Eun-Kyung Kim ◽  
Ji Hyun Youk ◽  
Hee Jung Moon ◽  
Jin Young Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Follicular Neoplasm ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Follicular Variant ◽  
Fine Needle

Background.To evaluate the role of ultrasonography (US), US-guided fine-needle aspiration (USFNA) and intraoperative frozen section (FS) in follicular neoplasm.Methods. US features, USFNA cytology, and FS results were compared based on the pathology results of patients with follicular adenoma (FA), follicular carcinoma (FC), and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC).Results. FC and FVPTC showed significantly higher rates of suspicious US features (P<0.05) and positive findings on either US or cytology, 80.0% and 90.7%, compared to FA, 64.5% (P=0.001). Intraoperative FS showed higher malignant rates in FVPTC and FC (81.8% and 75.0%, resp.), compared to FA (3.8%,P<0.001).Conclusion. Suspicious US features were more significantly seen in FC and FVPTC compared to FA. Intraoperative FS is useful in the differential diagnosis of these lesions and supplements cytology results of USFNA.

A Rapid Method for DNA Extraction from Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies of Thyroid Tumors, and Subsequent RET Mutation Analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 544-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Zedenius ◽  
Trisha Dwight ◽  
Bruce G. Robinson ◽  
Leigh Delbridge ◽  
Martin Backdahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Mutation Analysis ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Ret Mutation

scholarly journals Is it possible to eliminate the number of inappropriate thyroid surgeries combining scintigraphy and cytology?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Smaroula Divani
Keyword(s):  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Indeterminate Cytology

Objective: Although fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the most reliable, safe and accurate method for the clinical management of abnormal thyroid nodules, 5%-15% of cases lead to indeterminate diagnoses and surgery is the recommended practice for them as they may be malignant. Nevertheless, the majority of cases with indeterminate cytology are benign, so the risk of unnecessary surgery is significant. In our study we combined FNAC and scintigraphy in order to reduce the number of inappropriate surgeries. Subjects and Methods: From 219 patients with thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology 33(9 males and 24 females) aged 18-73 years, had indeterminate FNAC diagnoses and were referred for scintigraphy. Surgery was performed in all cases. The results of FNAC, scintigraphy and histology were collected and compared. Results: From 33 cases with indeterminate cytology 32 had a benign histological diagnosis and only one was malignant (follicular Ca). That case had a positive scan. All cases with negative thyroid scans (29/33) were benign. False positive scans were 3, whereas one scan was true positive with final diagnosis follicular carcinoma. Conclusion: This study showed that combining the FNAC with the thyroid scintigraphy in cases of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology it is possible to reduce the number of inappropriate surgeries from 32 to 3.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS OF MALIGNANCY IN PATIENTS WITH FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY RESULTS INTERPRETED AS “SUSPICIOUS FOR FOLLICULAR NEOPLASM”

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1323-1329
Author(s):  
Jarosław Świrta ◽  
Michał Romaniszyn ◽  
Marcin Barczyński
Keyword(s):  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Follicular Neoplasm ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Aggregate Amount

Introduction: Approximately 10% of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid nodules may be verified as “suspicious for follicular neoplasm”; this category involves follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, follicular variants of papillary carcinoma and subclass “suspicious for Hurthle cell neoplasm”. At present, there is no diagnostic tool to discriminate between follicular adenoma and cancer. Most patients are required surgery to exclude malignant process. The aim: To define factors correlating with risk of malignancy in patients with FNAB of thyroid focal lesions and nodules verified as Bethesda tier IV. Materials and Methods: In this study 110 consecutive patients were included. All patients were operated because of FNAB result “suspicious for follicular neoplasm” of thyroid gland at a single institution from January 2016 until March 2020. From this set, six specific categories were defined and the clinical records for patients were collected: sex, age, presence of oxyphilic cells, diameter of the tumour, presence of Hashimoto disease, aggregate amount of clinical and ultrasonographic features of malignancy according to ATA. Results: In 18 patients (16,3%) thyroid cancer occurred. Most frequent subtype turned out to be papillary cancer (66,6%). In group of benign lesion (92 patients) predominance of follicular adenoma was disclosed – (49%). Age, gender, tumour diameter, aggregate amount of clinical and ultrasonografic factors, presence of Hashimoto disease and fine needle aspiration biopsy result suspicious for Hurthle cell neoplasm did not correspond to increased risk of malignancy. Conclusions: In patients with FNAB results classified as Bethesda tier IV there are no reliable clinical features associated with low risk of malignancy and surgery should be consider in every case as most appropriate manner to exclude thyroid cancer

scholarly journals A mikro-RNS-ek patogenetikai és diagnosztikai szerepe mellékvesekéreg-carcinomában

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (7) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Nagy ◽  
Ábel Decmann ◽  
Pál Perge ◽  
Péter Igaz
Keyword(s):  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Adrenocortical Cancer ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Adrenocortical Adenomas ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Adrenocortical Tumours ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Advanced Stages

Abstract: Adrenocortical tumours are quite prevalent. Most of these tumours are benign, hormonally inactive adrenocortical adenomas. Rare hormone-secreting adrenocortical adenomas are associated with severe clinical consequences, whereas the prognosis of the rare adrenocortical cancer is rather poor in its advanced stages. The pathogenesis of these tumours is only partly elucidated. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules that are pivotal in the regulation of several basic cell biological processes via the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Their altered expression has been described in many tumours. Several tissue microRNAs, such as miR-483-5p, miR-503, miR-210, miR-335 and miR-195 were found to be differentially expressed among benign and malignant adrenocortical tumours, and these could also have pathogenic relevance. Due to their tissue specific and stable expression, microRNAs can be exploited in diagnostics as well. As the histological diagnosis of adrenocortical malignancy is difficult, microRNAs might be of help in the establishment of malignancy. Novel data show that microRNAs are secreted in various body fluids, projecting their applicability as biomarkers as part of liquid biopsy. In this review, we attempt to present a synopsis on the pathogenic relevance of microRNAs in adrenocortical tumours and their potential diagnostic applicability. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(7): 245–251.

scholarly journals Periostin Expression and Its Roles in Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules: an Immunohistochemical Study of 105 Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimihide Kusafuka ◽  
Masaru Yamashita ◽  
Tomohiro Iwasaki ◽  
Chinatsu Tsuchiya ◽  
Aki Kubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Tumor Invasiveness ◽  
Adenomatous Goiter ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Molecule ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

Abstract Background. Thyroid tumors are often difficult to histopathologically diagnose, especially follicular adenoma (FA) and follicular carcinoma (FC). Papillary carcinoma (PAC) has several histological subtypes. Periostin (PON), which is a non-collagenous extracellular matrix molecule, is related to tumor invasiveness. We aimed to elucidate the role of PON in thyroid tumors.Method. We collected 105 cases of thyroid nodules, which included cases of adenomatous goiter, FA, microcarcinoma (MIC), PAC, FC, poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDCa), and undifferentiated carcinoma (UCa), and immunohistochemically examined the PON expression patterns of these lesions. Results. PAC and MIC exhibited stromal PON deposition, especially in the solid/sclerosing subtype, whereas FA and FC showed weak deposition on the fibrous capsule. However, the invasive and/or extracapsular regions of microinvasive FC demonstrated quite strong PON expression.Except for it, we could not find any significantly histopathological differences between FA and FC. Although PDCa showed a similar PON expression pattern to PAC, UCa exhibited stromal PON deposition in its invasive portions and cytoplasmic expression in its carcinoma cells. Although there was only one case of UCa, it demonstrated strong PON immunopositivity. PAC and MIC showed similar patterns of stromal PON deposition, especially at the invasive front.Conclusions. PON plays a role in the invasion of thyroid carcinomas, especially PAC and UCa, whereas it acts as a barrier against the growth of tumor cells in FA and minimally invasive FC.

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