Vitamin D Status and Its Determinants in Healthy Slovenian Pregnant Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Soltirovska Salamon ◽  
Evgen Benedik ◽  
Borut Bratanič ◽  
Manca Velkavrh ◽  
Irena Rogelj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Day Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background/Aims: Vitamin D deficiency is a common underdiagnosed condition. The aim of this was to analyze the status of vitamin D and its determinants in healthy Slovenian pregnant women. Methods: A total of 132 volunteer pregnant women completed a questionnaire including baseline demographics, food frequency, physical activities; anthropometrical measurements, body mass index and levels of 25-(OH)D in serum were performed during the third trimester, and dietary intakes were assessed during the 27-28th week of gestation. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was present in 14% while insufficiency was present in 41% of women. The risk for inadequacy was higher in women older than 30 years (p = 0.01), in those with less frequent outdoor physical activity (p = 0.01) and in pregnancies during the low sun exposure season (p = 0.04). Insufficiency was not significantly more frequent in less educated women, unemployed and in those living in urban area. The median value of vitamin D from habitual dietary intake was 1.5 µg/day (range 0.1-13.4) and did not influence 25-hydroxyvitamin D level (p = 0.91). Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy was 55% and was dependent on age, season and outdoor physical activities. The results suggest a discrepancy between vitamin D intake through habitual diet and the reference needs.

scholarly journals Very high rates of vitamin D insufficiency in women of child-bearing age living in Beijing and Hong Kong

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1330-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Woo ◽  
Christopher W. K. Lam ◽  
Jason Leung ◽  
Winny Y. Lau ◽  
Edith Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The North ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Relationship

We aimed to describe the vitamin D status of young women living in two Chinese cities in the spring – Beijing in the north (latitude 39° north) and Hong Kong (latitude 22° north) in the south. We also examined the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations to determine a threshold for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D above which there is no further suppression of PTH. Finally, we examined whether dietary Ca intake influences this relationship. Non-pregnant women aged 18–40 years (n 441) were recruited between February and June. Fasting blood was collected and dietary intakes were assessed using 5 d food records. Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was lower in Beijing than Hong Kong women (29 v. 34 nmol/l; P < 0·001). Vitamin D deficiency ( ≤  25 nmol/l) was indicated in 40 % of Beijing and 18 % of Hong Kong women, and over 90 % of women in both cities were insufficient ( ≤ 50 nmol/l). Mean Ca and vitamin D intakes were 478 mg/d and 2·0 μg/d, respectively. The relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and PTH was linear throughout the range with a slope of − 0·36 (different from 0; P < 0·001; R 0·26), with no apparent threshold. There was no influence of Ca intake on the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and PTH concentration. Vitamin D deficiency is common and insufficiency is very common in non-pregnant women in Hong Kong and Beijing during spring. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely associated with PTH with no apparent threshold. Strategies such as vitamin D fortification or supplementation may be required.

Vitamin D status of children in Kerala, southern India

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1179-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhava Vijayakumar ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Bhatia ◽  
Biju George
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractObjectiveTo study plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status of children in Kerala, southern India, and its relationship with sociodemographic variables.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingTertiary government hospital.ParticipantsChildren (n 296) with trivial acute illness were enrolled. Sun exposure and Ca and vitamin D intakes (7 d dietary recall) were documented. Serum Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase, plasma 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured.ResultsPrevalence of vitamin D deficiency (plasma 25(OH)D <30 nmol/l) was 11·1% (median, interquartile range (IQR): 52·6, 38·4–65·6 nmol/l). Children who ate fish daily had significantly higher plasma 25(OH)D than those who did not (median, IQR: 52·5, 40·8–68·9 v. 49·1, 36·2–60·7 nmol/l; P = 0·02). Those investigated in the months of March–May showed highest 25(OH)D v. those enrolled during other times (median, IQR: 58·7, 45·6–81·4 v. 45·5, 35·6–57·4 nmol/l; P <0·001). Plasma 25(OH)D correlated positively with serum P (r = 0·24, P <0·001) and Ca intake (r = 0·16, P 0·03), negatively with age (r = −0·13, P 0·03) and PTH (r = −0·22, P <0·001.). On linear regression, summer season (March–May), lower age, daily fish intake and higher Ca intake were independently associated with plasma 25(OH)D.ConclusionsPrevalence of vitamin D deficiency is low in Kerala. The natural fish diet of coastal Kerala and the latitude may be protective. Public health policy in India should take account of this geographical diversity.

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency prevalence and risk factors among pregnant Chinese women

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1746-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunfeng Yun ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Yuna He ◽  
Deqian Mao ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplement

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate vitamin D deficiency prevalence and risk factors among pregnant Chinese women.DesignA descriptive cross-sectional analysis.SettingChina National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) 2010–2013.SubjectsA total of 1985 healthy pregnant women participated. Possible predictors of vitamin D deficiency were evaluated via multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 15·5 (interquartile range 11·9–20·0, range 3·0–51·5) ng/ml, with 74·9 (95 % CI 73·0, 76·7) % of participants being vitamin D deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D <20 ng/ml). According to the multivariate logistic regression analyses, vitamin D deficiency was positively correlated with Hui ethnicity (P=0·016), lack of vitamin D supplement use (P=0·021) and low ambient UVB level (P<0·001). In the autumn months, vitamin D deficiency was related to Hui ethnicity (P=0·012) and low ambient UVB level (P<0·001). In the winter months, vitamin D deficiency was correlated with younger age (P=0·050), later gestational age (P=0·035), higher pre-pregnancy BMI (P=0·019), low ambient UVB level (P<0·001) and lack of vitamin D supplement use (P=0·007).ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is prevalent among pregnant Chinese women. Residing in areas with low ambient UVB levels increases the risk of vitamin D deficiency, especially for women experiencing advanced stages of gestation, for younger pregnant women and for women of Hui ethnicity; therefore, vitamin D supplementation and sensible sun exposure should be encouraged, especially in the winter months. Further studies must determine optimal vitamin D intake and sun exposure levels for maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels in pregnant Chinese women.

scholarly journals High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo ◽  
Worlanyo Tashie ◽  
William K. B. A. Owiredu ◽  
Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi ◽  
Laila Seidu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy is associated with adverse health outcomes in mothers, newborns and infants. This study assessed the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in normotensive pregnancies and in preeclampsia, evaluated the association between vitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia risk; and determined the foeto-maternal outcome in preeclamptic women with vitamin D deficiency. Methods This case-control study was conducted among pregnant women who visited the Comboni Hospital, in Ghana from January 2017 to May 2018 for antenatal care. A total of 180 pregnant women comprising 88 preeclamptic women (PE) and 92 healthy normotensive pregnant women (NP) were recruited. Socio-demographic, clinical and obstetric data were obtained using validated questionnaires. Blood pressure and anthropometrics were measured, and blood samples were collected for the estimation of 25- hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) were also estimated. Results A total of 81.7% of the study participants had vitamin D deficiency. Of these, 88.6% of the women with PE had vitamin D deficiency compared to 75.0% in the NP. Vitamin D levels were significantly reduced in the PE women compared to the normotensive pregnant women (p = 0.001). A higher proportion of the preeclamptic women who were vitamin D deficient had preterm delivery (p < 0:0001) and delivered low birth weight infants (p < 0:0001), and infants with IUGR (p < 0:0001) compared to the control group (p < 0:0001). Pregnant women with PE presented with significant dyslipidemia, evidenced by significantly elevated TC (p = 0.008), LDL (p < 0.0001), triglycerides (p = 0.017) and a significantly reduced HDL (p = 0.001) as compared to NP. In the preeclamptic women, serum 25(OH) D showed an inverse, but not significant association with TC (β = − 0.043, p = 0.722, TG (β = − 0.144, p = 0.210) and LDL (β = − 0.076, p = 0.524) and a positive, but not significant association with HDL (β = 0.171, p = 0.156). Conclusion The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in both normotensive pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia but amplified in preeclampsia. Higher proportion of pregnant women with hypovitaminosis D had preterm babies and delivered low birth weight neonates. Additional studies are needed to explore the potential benefits and optimal dosing of vitamin D use in pregnancy, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Effects of Moderate Sun Exposure and Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration Among Malay Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1304-1304
Author(s):  
Norliyana Aris ◽  
Hamid Jan Bin Jan Mohamed ◽  
Wan Mohd Izani Bin Wan Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
Vitamin D Supplement

Abstract Objectives Known as ‘sunshine vitamin’, sun exposure is a major and natural source of vitamin D. This study aimed to investigate the effects of moderate sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D concentration among Malay women in Kelantan, Malaysia. Methods A quasi-experimental study design was carried out among female indoor workers with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D &lt; 50 nmol/l) for 12 weeks to evaluate the effects of moderate sun exposure (n = 19; 15 minutes sun exposure biweekly on face, lower arms, hands and feet), vitamin D supplementation (n = 15; 50 000 IU cholecalciferol weekly) and placebo (n = 15) on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. Data was collected twice from each respondent, firstly during baseline and secondly during endpoint. Body composition measurements (body fat percentage and body mass index), fasting blood test (serum 25(OH)D level) and questionnaire (socio-demographic, physical activity and dietary vitamin D intake) were conducted. The vitamin D classification was based on the 2011 Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines. Repeated measure ANOVA within group analysis was applied. Results The baseline characteristics did not differ significantly among study groups except for age (F = 6.15, p = 0.004). After 12 weeks, serum 25(OH)D levels increased significantly in sun exposure (mean difference (MD) = 14.27 nmol/l, p &lt; 0.001) and vitamin D supplement group (MD = 14.30 nmol/l, p &lt; 0.001) but not in the placebo group (MD = 1.63 nmol/l, p = 0.067). Conclusions The 12-weeks intervention with moderate sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation showed a similar significant increment in serum 25(OH)D levels. However, no changes in serum 25(OH)D was observed in the placebo group. These results showed that sunlight exposure and vitamin D supplement were equally helpful in improving serum 25(OH)D levels in participants with vitamin D deficiency. Funding Sources Short Term Research Grant, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Maternal Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Patients with Hyperemesis Gravidarum at Early Gestational Weeks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Burcu Kayılı ◽  
Muhammet Ali Oruç ◽  
Yasemin Alan ◽  
Murat Alan ◽  
Deniz Can Öztekin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Mean

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare vitamin D levels between pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum before 12 weeks of gestation and healthy pregnant women at similar ages. Methods: Sixty pregnancies with hyperemesis gravidarum and 60 age compatible healthy pregnancies applied to our facility were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, maternal thyroid function tests and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels were evaluated. Student t test was used for the variables with normal distribution and Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the variables without normal distribution. Results: Only one pregnant woman had normal vitamin D levels (>30ng/ml), whereas 71 patients had deficiency (10-30 ng/ml), and 48 had severe deficiency (<10 ng/ml). The mean vitamin D level of the total 120 pregnancies was 11.9±5.00 ng/ml (9.92±3.67 ng/ml in case group, 13.88±5.38 ng/ml in control group). The mean value of vitamin D was found to be significantly lower in hyperemesis gravidarum. 45% (n=27) of the pregnant women had vitamin D deficiency, whereas 55% (n=33) of them had severe deficiency. Free T3 and T4 levels were significantly higher than the control group, and thyroid-stimulating hormone level was significantly lower. Conclusion: Vitamin D levels of pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum were significantly lower. Vitamin D deficiency should be considered in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. Keywords: pregnancy, hyperemesis gravidarum, Vitamin D deficiency

Population vitamin D stores are increasing in Tasmania and this is associated with less BMD loss over 10 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Thompson ◽  
Dawn Aitken ◽  
Saliu Balogun ◽  
Flavia Cicuttini ◽  
Graeme Jones
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Abstract Introduction Vitamin D deficiency is a common, modifiable determinant of musculoskeletal health. There are limited data that examine the longitudinal change in population 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and none that evaluate the long-term skeletal outcomes of longitudinal vitamin D status. Methods Prospective cohort analysis of community-dwelling adults aged 50-80 years who had 25(OH)D assessed by radioimmunoassay and BMD by DXA at baseline (n=1096), 2.5 (n=870) and 10 (n=565) years. Sun exposure was quantified by questionnaire and supplement use at clinic review. 25(OH)D &lt;50nmol/L was considered deficient. Participants were provided with their 25(OH)D results. Results Over 10 years 25(OH)D increased (52.2 ± 17.0 to 63.5 ± 23.6 nmol/L, p&lt;0.001). Participants with baseline deficiency had larger 25(OH)D increases than baseline sufficient participants (19.2 ± 25.3 vs 1.6 ± 23.3 nmol/L, p&lt;0.001). Longitudinal change in 25(OH)D was associated with baseline summer (β=1.46, p&lt;0.001) and winter (β=1.29, p=0.003) sun exposure, change in summer (β=1.27, p=0.002) and winter (β=1.47, p&lt;0.001) sun exposure and vitamin D supplement use (β=25.0 – 33.0, p&lt;0.001). Persistent vitamin D sufficiency was associated with less BMD loss at the femoral neck (β=0.020, p=0.027), lumbar spine (β=0.033, p=0.003) and total hip (β=0.023, p=0.021) compared to persistent vitamin D deficiency. Achieving vitamin D sufficiency was associated with less BMD loss at the lumbar spine (β=0.045, p&lt;0.001) compared to persistent vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions Population 25(OH)D concentration increased due to a combination of increased sun exposure and supplement use. Maintaining or achieving vitamin D sufficiency was associated with less BMD loss over 10 years.

scholarly journals The D-Lightful Vitamin D for Health / Vitamin D Za Dobro Zdravlje

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Holick
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Summary Vitamin D is the sunshine vitamin that is not only important for children’s and adults’ skeletal health but is also important for their overall health and wellbeing. Vitamin D deficiency has been defined as a 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL and vitamin D insufficiency as a 25-hydroxyvitamin D of 21-29 ng/mL. The major source of vitamin D is sensible sun exposure since very few foods naturally contain vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with in - creased risk for many acute and chronic diseases including infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, neurocognitive dysfunction and muscle weakness. To achieve a blood level of 25-hydroxy - vitamin D >30 ng/mL children require 600-1 000 IUs and adults 1 500-2 000 IUs of vitamin D daily.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of factors that influence the 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in pregnant women and in cord blood in Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1895-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrin Wuertz ◽  
Peter Gilbert ◽  
Wolfgang Baier ◽  
Clemens Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

There is increasing evidence of an association between a low maternal vitamin D status and a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated the vitamin D status of pregnant women to determine potentially influencing factors. Between December 2010 and February 2012, 261 maternal blood samples and 328 cord blood samples were collected for the analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), intact parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase and Ca concentrations. Demographical characteristics and clinical data were recorded by a questionnaire and from medical files. The overall median maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D levels were 25·0 (interquartile range 12·6–45·5) nmol/l and 34·1 (interquartile range 17·7–58·6) nmol/l, respectively. During the winter months, 98 % of the maternal blood samples and 94 % of the cord blood samples had 25(OH)D levels < 50 nmol/l. In the summer months, 49 % of the women and 35 % of the cord blood samples were vitamin D deficient. Using logistic regression models, significant risk factors for maternal vitamin D deficiency were found to be physical inactivity (adjusted OR (aOR) 2·67, 95 % CI 1·06, 6·69, P= 0·032) and a non-European country of origin (aOR 3·21, 95 % CI 1·0, 10·28, P= 0·047) after controlling for season and independent risk factors. These results are the first 25(OH)D data for pregnant women in Germany. They indicate the need for urgent implementation of strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency by healthcare authorities that are in charge of preventing vitamin D deficiency, especially during these sensitive stages of life.

scholarly journals Predictors and correlates of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in young women: results from the Safe-D study

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma T. Callegari ◽  
Suzanne M. Garland ◽  
Alexandra Gorelik ◽  
Nicola J. Reavley ◽  
John D. Wark
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Impact

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is a global public health concern. Studies of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) determinants in young women are limited and few include objective covariates. Our aims were to define the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and examine serum 25(OH)D correlates in an exploratory study of women aged 16–25 years. We studied 348 healthy females living in Victoria, Australia, recruited through Facebook. Data collected included serum 25(OH)D assayed by liquid chromatography-tandem MS, relevant serum biochemistry, soft tissue composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, skin melanin density, Fitzpatrick skin type, sun exposure using UV dosimeters and lifestyle factors. Mean serum 25(OH)D was 68 (sd27) nmol/l and 26 % were vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D <50 nmol/l). The final model explained 56 % of 25(OH)D variance. Serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels, creatinine levels, sun exposure measured by UV dosimeters, a positive attitude towards sun tanning, typically spending >2 h in the sun in summer daily, holidaying in the most recent summer period, serum Fe levels, height and multivitamin use were positively associated with 25(OH)D. Fat mass and a blood draw in any season except summer was inversely associated with 25(OH)D. Vitamin D deficiency is common in young women. Factors such as hormonal contraception, sun exposure and sun-related attitudes, as well as dietary supplement use are essential to consider when assessing vitamin D status. Further investigation into methods to safely optimise vitamin D status and to improve understanding of the impact of vitamin D status on long-term health outcomes is required.

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