scholarly journals Role of Exercise in the Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado ◽  
Borja Martinez-Tellez ◽  
Josune Olza ◽  
Concepcion M. Aguilera ◽  
Ángel Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: The energy-burning capacity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) makes it an attractive target for use in anti-obesity therapies. Moreover, due to its ability to oxidize glucose and lipids, BAT activation has been considered a potential therapy to combat type 2 diabetes and atherogenesis. Summary: BAT is mainly regulated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS); yet, recent findings have shown a group of novel activators that act independently of the stimulation of the SNS such as cardiac natriuretic peptides, irisin, interleukin-6, β-aminoisobutyric acid and fibroblast growth factor 21 that could influence BAT metabolism. Several strategies are being examined to activate and recruit BAT with no side effects. In this review, we postulate that exercise might activate and recruit human BAT through the activation of SNS, heart and skeletal muscle. Key Messages: Epidemiological and well-designed exercise-based randomized controlled studies are needed to clarify if exercise is able to activate BAT in humans.

Brown Adipose Tissue: An Extrathyroidal Source of Triiodothyronine

Physiology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
JE Silva
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Sympathetic Stimulation ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Stimulation Of

The role of brown adipose tissue in heat production is well known, but it is a novel concept that this tissue can activate the main secretory product of the thyroid gland, thyroxine, by converting it into the ten times more active triiodothyronine. The enzyme that catalyzes the reaction is present also in other tissues, but it is activated by the sympathetic nervous system only in brown adipose tissue. Thus sympathetic stimulation of brown adipose tissue results in increased production of triiodothyronine and activation of metabolism in other tissues.

scholarly journals Differences in Sympathetic Nervous Stimulation of Brown Adipose Tissue Between the Young and Old, and the Lean and Obese

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bahler ◽  
H. J. Verberne ◽  
W. M. Admiraal ◽  
W. J. Stok ◽  
M. R. Soeters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nervous Stimulation ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Glucagon Is Essential for Adaptive Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (9) ◽  
pp. 3484-3492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita Kinoshita ◽  
Nobuaki Ozaki ◽  
Yusuke Takagi ◽  
Yoshiharu Murata ◽  
Yoshiharu Oshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Adaptive Thermogenesis ◽  
Cl 316,243 ◽  
Brown Adipose

Abstract Glucagon, a counterregulatory hormone to insulin, serves as a regulator of glucose homeostasis and acts in response to hypoglycemia. Earlier studies have shown that glucagon administration induces thermogenesis in experimental animal models. However, it is not known whether endogenous glucagon is involved in the regulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) function. Here we investigated the role of glucagon in cold-induced thermogenesis in male mice deficient in proglucagon-derived peptides (GCGKO mice). Upon exposure to cold, GCGKO mice exhibited a greater decrease in rectal temperature than control mice. The cold exposure-induced increase in oxygen consumption in GCGKO mice was less than that seen in control mice. Moreover, the increase in oxygen consumption after administration of a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, CL-316,243, was also lesser in GCGKO than in control mice. Expression of thermogenic genes, including the gene encoding uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), was reduced in the BAT of GCGKO mice under ambient as well as cold conditions. Administration of glucagon restored the expression of Ucp1 mRNA in the BAT as well as the expression of the fibroblast growth factor 21 gene (Fgf21) in the liver. Supplementation with glucagon for 2 weeks resulted in higher plasma Fgf21 levels and improved responses to CL-316,243 in GCGKO mice. These results indicated that endogenous glucagon is essential for adaptive thermogenesis and that it regulates BAT function, most likely by increasing hepatic Fgf21 production.

Norepinephrine turnover in brown adipose tissue of young rats: effects of rearing temperature

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (1) ◽  
pp. R90-R96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bertin ◽  
I. Mouroux ◽  
F. De Marco ◽  
R. Portet
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Infant Rats ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has an important role in the thermogenesis of newborn mammals and cold-acclimated rodents. Heat production within the tissue is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) via norepinephrine (NE) release. As only little is known of the progressive role of SNS during the developmental period, NE content and turnover were determined in BAT of infant rats 1-33 days of age. The dams and the pups were kept at either 28 or 16 degrees C. It was observed that the NE level in the tissue and the mediator turnover had an almost parallel evolution during the experimental period. In the first week of life, level and turnover of NE were higher in the 28 degrees C group than in the 16 degrees C group. During the second week, the level remained constant in rats kept at 28 degrees C, but the NE turnover slightly decreased. In contrast, a large increase of both parameters was observed in rats kept at 16 degrees C. Then a decrease occurred in both groups until weaning. Subsequently the values remained almost constant. It must be noted that, from the end of the first week, NE content and turnover were always significantly higher in the 16 degrees C group than in the 28 degrees C group. At the end of the first month, the level was 50% higher in cold-acclimated rats and turnover was four times as high as in controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Apparent dissociation between sympathetic activity and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis during pregnancy and lactation in golden hamsters

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2396-2399 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Trayhurn ◽  
M. C. Wusteman
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Noradrenaline Turnover ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Stimulation Of

Sympathetic activity has been assessed by measurements of noradrenaline turnover in brown adipose tissue and in the heart of golden hamsters during pregnancy and lactation. Noradrenaline turnover was not significantly altered in either tissue in pregnant or lactating hamsters, despite the atrophy of brown adipose tissue that occurs during reproduction. This suggests that sympathetic activity and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis are dissociated during pregnancy and lactation in golden hamsters. The results also indicate that the large increase in food intake during lactation does not lead to a diet-induced stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.

scholarly journals New insights into the secretory functions of brown adipose tissue

2019 ◽  
Vol 243 (2) ◽  
pp. R19-R27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Villarroya ◽  
Rubén Cereijo ◽  
Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro ◽  
Marion Peyrou ◽  
Marta Giralt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Brown Adipose

In recent years, an important secretory role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged, which is consistent, to some extent, with the earlier recognition of the important secretory role of white fat. The so-called brown adipokines or ‘batokines’ may play an autocrine role, which may either be positive or negative, in the thermogenic function of brown adipocytes. Additionally, there is a growing recognition of the signalling molecules released by brown adipocytes that target sympathetic nerve endings (such as neuregulin-4 and S100b protein), vascular cells (e.g., bone morphogenetic protein-8b), and immune cells (e.g., C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-14) to promote the tissue remodelling associated with the adaptive BAT recruitment in response to thermogenic stimuli. Moreover, existing indications of an endocrine role of BAT are being confirmed through the release of brown adipokines acting on other distant tissues and organs; a recent example is the recognition that BAT-secreted fibroblast growth factor-21 and myostatin target the heart and skeletal muscle, respectively. The application of proteomics technologies is aiding the identification of new members of the brown adipocyte secretome, such as the extracellular matrix or complement system components. In summary, BAT can no longer be considered a mere producer of heat in response to environment or dietary challenges; it is also an active secretory tissue releasing brown adipokines with a relevant local and systemic action. The identification of the major brown adipokines and their roles is highly important for the discovery of novel candidates useful in formulating intervention strategies for metabolic diseases.

142-OR: Unique Role of the a4 Component for S6-Kinase Activity in Metabolic Regulation and Anti-apoptotic Effect in Brown Adipose Tissue

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 142-OR
Author(s):  
MASAJI SAKAGUCHI ◽  
SHOTA OKAGAWA ◽  
SAYAKA KITANO ◽  
TATSUYA KONDO ◽  
EIICHI ARAKI
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Apoptotic Effect

The endocrine role of brown adipose tissue: An update on actors and actions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro ◽  
Joan Villarroya ◽  
Rubén Cereijo ◽  
Marta Giralt ◽  
Francesc Villarroya
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose
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