scholarly journals Sound Localization Strategies in Three Predators

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Carr ◽  
Jakob Christensen-Dalsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Sound Localization ◽  
Population Code ◽  
Interaural Time Differences ◽  
Barn Owls ◽  
Auditory Systems ◽  
Spatial Locations ◽  
Similar Organization

In this paper, we compare some of the neural strategies for sound localization and encoding interaural time differences (ITDs) in three predatory species of Reptilia, alligators, barn owls and geckos. Birds and crocodilians are sister groups among the extant archosaurs, while geckos are lepidosaurs. Despite the similar organization of their auditory systems, archosaurs and lizards use different strategies for encoding the ITDs that underlie localization of sound in azimuth. Barn owls encode ITD information using a place map, which is composed of neurons serving as labeled lines tuned for preferred spatial locations, while geckos may use a meter strategy or population code composed of broadly sensitive neurons that represent ITD via changes in the firing rate.

scholarly journals Inhibition in the balance: binaurally coupled inhibitory feedback in sound localization circuitry

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Michael Burger ◽  
Iwao Fukui ◽  
Harunori Ohmori ◽  
Edwin W. Rubel
Keyword(s):  
Sound Localization ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Interaural Time Differences ◽  
Inhibitory Function ◽  
Inhibitory Feedback ◽  
Auditory Systems

Interaural time differences (ITDs) are the primary cue animals, including humans, use to localize low-frequency sounds. In vertebrate auditory systems, dedicated ITD processing neural circuitry performs an exacting task, the discrimination of microsecond differences in stimulus arrival time at the two ears by coincidence-detecting neurons. These neurons modulate responses over their entire dynamic range to sounds differing in ITD by mere hundreds of microseconds. The well-understood function of this circuitry in birds has provided a fruitful system to investigate how inhibition contributes to neural computation at the synaptic, cellular, and systems level. Our recent studies in the chicken have made significant progress in bringing together many of these findings to provide a cohesive picture of inhibitory function.

scholarly journals Emergence of an adaptive command for orienting behavior in premotor brainstem neurons of barn owls

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Cazettes ◽  
Brian J. Fischer ◽  
Michael V. Beckert ◽  
Jose L. Pena
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Sound Localization ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Auditory Space ◽  
Sensory Representation ◽  
Orienting Behavior ◽  
Premotor Neurons ◽  
Barn Owls ◽  
Topographic Representation

AbstractThe midbrain map of auditory space commands sound-orienting responses in barn owls. Owls precisely localize sounds in frontal space but underestimate the direction of peripheral sound sources. This bias for central locations was proposed to be adaptive to the decreased reliability in the periphery of sensory cues used for sound localization by the owl. Understanding the neural pathway supporting this biased behavior provides a means to address how adaptive motor commands are implemented by neurons. Here we find that the sensory input for sound direction is weighted by its reliability in premotor neurons of the owl’s midbrain tegmentum such that the mean population firing rate approximates the head-orienting behavior. We provide evidence that this coding may emerge through convergence of upstream projections from the midbrain map of auditory space. We further show that manipulating the sensory input yields changes predicted by the convergent network in both premotor neural responses and behavior. This work demonstrates how a topographic sensory representation can be linearly read out to adjust behavioral responses by the reliability of the sensory input.Significance statementThis research shows how statistics of the sensory input can be integrated into a behavioral command by readout of a sensory representation. The firing rate of midbrain premotor neurons receiving sensory information from a topographic representation of auditory space is weighted by the reliability of sensory cues. We show that these premotor responses are consistent with a weighted convergence from the topographic sensory representation. This convergence was also tested behaviorally, where manipulation of stimulus properties led to bidirectional changes in sound localization errors. Thus a topographic representation of auditory space is translated into a premotor command for sound localization that is modulated by sensory reliability.

scholarly journals Population Coding of Interaural Time Differences in Gerbils and Barn Owls

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (35) ◽  
pp. 11696-11702 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Lesica ◽  
A. Lingner ◽  
B. Grothe
Keyword(s):  
Population Coding ◽  
Interaural Time Differences ◽  
Barn Owls

scholarly journals Population rate-coding predicts correctly that human sound localization depends on sound intensity

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Ihlefeld ◽  
Nima Alamatsaz ◽  
Robert M Shapley
Keyword(s):  
Sound Localization ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Spike Rate ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Interaural Time Differences ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Rate Coding ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Population Rate

Human sound localization is an important computation performed by the brain. Models of sound localization commonly assume that sound lateralization from interaural time differences is level invariant. Here we observe that two prevalent theories of sound localization make opposing predictions. The labelled-line model encodes location through tuned representations of spatial location and predicts that perceived direction is level invariant. In contrast, the hemispheric-difference model encodes location through spike-rate and predicts that perceived direction becomes medially biased at low sound levels. Here, behavioral experiments find that softer sounds are perceived closer to midline than louder sounds, favoring rate-coding models of human sound localization. Analogously, visual depth perception, which is based on interocular disparity, depends on the contrast of the target. The similar results in hearing and vision suggest that the brain may use a canonical computation of location: encoding perceived location through population spike rate relative to baseline.

Auditory Systems of Drosophila and Other Invertebrates

2017 ◽  
pp. 302-318
Author(s):  
Yun Doo Chung ◽  
Jeongmi Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Sound Localization ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Recent Event ◽  
Auditory Systems ◽  
Intraspecific Communication ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Electric Signals

Hearing in invertebrates has evolved independently as an adaptation to avoid predators or to mediate intraspecific communication. Although many invertebrate groups are able to respond to sound stimuli, insects are the only group in which hearing is widely used. Therefore, we will focus here on the auditory systems of some well-known insect models. Appearance of the ability to perceive sound in insects is presumably a quite recent event in evolution. As a result of independent evolution, diverse types of hearing organs are evolved in insects. Here we will introduce basic features of insect ears and the mechanisms through which sound stimuli are converted into neuronal electric signals. We will also summarize our current understanding of neural processing of auditory information, including tonotopy, sound localization, and pattern recognition.

Sound Localization and Sensitivity to Interaural Time Differences in Human Infants

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Ashmead ◽  
DeFord L. Davis ◽  
Tracy Whalen ◽  
Richard D. Odom
Keyword(s):  
Sound Localization ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Interaural Time Differences

scholarly journals Vision calibrates sound localization in developing barn owls

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3306-3313 ◽  
Author(s):  
EI Knudsen ◽  
PF Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Sound Localization ◽  
Barn Owls

scholarly journals Reducing the Device Delay Mismatch Can Improve Sound Localization in Bimodal Cochlear Implant/Hearing-Aid Users

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 233121651984387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Zirn ◽  
Julian Angermeier ◽  
Susan Arndt ◽  
Antje Aschendorff ◽  
Thomas Wesarg
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Sound Localization ◽  
Delay Line ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Interaural Time Differences ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Everyday Situation ◽  
Acclimatization Period ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Line P

In users of a cochlear implant (CI) together with a contralateral hearing aid (HA), so-called bimodal listeners, differences in processing latencies between digital HA and CI up to 9 ms constantly superimpose interaural time differences. In the present study, the effect of this device delay mismatch on sound localization accuracy was investigated. For this purpose, localization accuracy in the frontal horizontal plane was measured with the original and minimized device delay mismatch. The reduction was achieved by delaying the CI stimulation according to the delay of the individually worn HA. For this, a portable, programmable, battery-powered delay line based on a ring buffer running on a microcontroller was designed and assembled. After an acclimatization period to the delayed CI stimulation of 1 hr, the nine bimodal study participants showed a highly significant improvement in localization accuracy of 11.6% compared with the everyday situation without the delay line ( p < .01). Concluding, delaying CI stimulation to minimize the device delay mismatch seems to be a promising method to increase sound localization accuracy in bimodal listeners.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document