scholarly journals Renal Function and Long-Term Decline in Cognitive Function: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Seliger ◽  
Carrington R. Wendell ◽  
Shari R. Waldstein ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci ◽  
Alan B. Zonderman
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study

Background: Renal disease has been associated with greater risk of dementia and greater cognitive impairment. However, the relationship of lower renal function with long-term decline in specific domains of cognitive function remains unclear among community-dwelling, non-demented individuals. Methods: Stroke- and dementia-free participants (n = 2,116) were enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, a community-based, prospective, longitudinal study. Renal function was estimated by the inverse of serum creatinine adjusted for age, sex and race and (in sensitivity analyses) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the MDRD formula. Outcome measures were changes in scores on 6 cognitive tests encompassing a range of cognitive functions, measured at 2-year intervals. Mixed-effects regression models examined the longitudinal relations of renal function with cognitive functions after adjusting for demographics, comorbidity and other potential confounders. Results: Mean age at initial testing was 53.9 years (SD 17.1), and 94 participants (4.4%) had an eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 18.5% had at least one comorbidity. With increasing age, longitudinal increases in creatinine concentrations were associated with more rapid decline in performance on several cognitive measures, including the learning slope of the California Verbal Learning Test, a test of verbal learning (p < 0.01), and the Benton Visual Retention Test, a test of visual memory (p < 0.01). Associations were similar for changes in eGFRMDRD, which was also associated with the rate of decline in verbal memory. Conclusion: In a community-based adult population, declines in renal function independently associated with greater long-term declines in visual memory and verbal memory and learning.

scholarly journals Voxel-Mirrored Homotopic Connectivity Associated With Change of Cognitive Function in Chronic Pontine Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luobing Wu ◽  
Caihong Wang ◽  
Jingchun Liu ◽  
Jun Guo ◽  
Ying Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
The Right

Recent neuroimaging studies have shown the possibility of cognitive impairment after pontine stroke. In this study, we aimed to use voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) to investigate changes in the cognitive function in chronic pontine stroke. Functional MRI (fMRI) and behavioral assessments of cognitive function were obtained from 56 patients with chronic pontine ischemic stroke [28 patients with left-sided pontine stroke (LP) and 28 patients with right-sided pontine stroke (RP)] and 35 matched healthy controls (HC). The one-way ANOVA test was performed for the three groups after the VMHC analysis. Results showed that there were significant decreases in the bilateral lingual gyrus (Lingual_L and Lingual_R) and the left precuneus (Precuneus_L) in patients with chronic pontine ischemic stroke compared to HCs. However, in a post-hoc multiple comparison test, this difference remained only between the HC and RP groups. Moreover, we explored the relationship between the decreased z-values in VMHC and the behavior-task scores using a Pearson's correlation test and found that both scores of short-term memory and long-term memory in the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test were positively correlated with z-values of the left lingual gyrus (Lingual_L), the right lingual gyrus (Lingual_R), and the left precuneus (Precuneus_L) in VMHC. Besides that, the z-values of Precuneus_L in VMHC were also negatively correlated with the reaction time for correct responses in the Flanker task and the spatial memory task. In conclusion, first, the lingual gyrus played an important role in verbal memory. Second, the precuneus influenced the working memory, both auditory-verbal memory and visual memory. Third, the right-sided stroke played a greater role in the results of this study. This study provides a basis for further elucidation of the characteristics and mechanisms of cognitive impairment after pontine stroke.

scholarly journals Long-term dietary flavonoid intake and change in cognitive function in the Framingham Offspring cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1576-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Shishtar ◽  
Gail T Rogers ◽  
Jeffrey B Blumberg ◽  
Rhoda Au ◽  
Paul F Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Offspring Cohort ◽  
Global Function ◽  
Flavonoid Intake

AbstractObjective:To examine the association between long-term intake of total and the six classes of dietary flavonoids and decline in cognitive function over a follow-up period of up to 15 years.Design:In this longitudinal study, we evaluated change in eight cognitive domain scores (verbal and visual memory, verbal learning, attention and concentration, abstract reasoning, language, visuoperceptual organisation and the global function) based on three neuropsychological exams and characterised the annualised change between consecutive exams. Long-term intakes of total and six flavonoid classes were assessed up to four times by a validated FFQ. Repeated-measures regression models were used to examine the longitudinal association between total and six flavonoid classes and annualised change in the eight cognitive domains.Setting:The Framingham Heart Study (FHS), a prospective cohort study.Participants:One thousand seven hundred and seventy-nine subjects who were free of dementia, aged ≥45 years and had attended at least two of the last three FHS Offspring cohort study exams.Results:Over a median follow-up of 11·8 years with 1779 participants, nominally significant trends towards a slower decline in cognitive function were observed among those with higher flavanol and flavan-3-ol intakes for global function, verbal and visual memory; higher total flavonoids and flavonoid polymers for visual memory; and higher flavanols for verbal learning.Conclusions:In spite of modest nominal trends, overall, our findings do not support a clear association between higher long-term flavonoid intake and slowing age-related cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Restless Legs Syndrome Severity and Cognitive Function in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis: An Exploratory Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie L.J. Cederberg ◽  
Brianna Mathison ◽  
Morgan L. Schuetz ◽  
Robert W. Motl
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Falling Asleep

Abstract Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sleep disorder present in as many as 26% of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and can be associated with cognitive function. The present study examined the relationships between RLS symptoms (severity, frequency, occurrence) and cognitive function in adults with MS who have RLS. Methods: Twenty-two participants attended one laboratory session and completed the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale (IRLS), the Restless Legs Syndrome-6 Scale (RLS-6), and then the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis battery consisting of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test; California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition; and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised. Results: Nonparametric bivariate correlations indicated that worse IRLS total severity was associated with slower processing speed (ρ = −0.42), worse verbal memory (ρ = −0.63), and worse visual memory (ρ = −0.61); worse RLS severity at falling asleep was associated with worse verbal memory (ρ = −0.45) and worse visual memory (ρ = −0.55); and worse RLS severity during the day while active was associated with slower processing speed (ρ = −0.58), worse verbal memory (ρ = −0.52), and worse visual memory (ρ = −0.60). Conclusions: These results suggest that those with more severe RLS, including worse symptoms at falling asleep and during the day while active, might experience worse cognitive function, particularly processing speed and memory. Future research should evaluate whether treatment of RLS symptoms can offer new opportunities for managing cognitive dysfunction in adults with MS.

Abstract 26: Long-term Blood Pressure Variability though Young Adulthood and Cognitive Function in Midlife; The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Yano ◽  
Hongyan Ning ◽  
Norrina Allen ◽  
Jared P. Reis ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Short Term

Background: Blood pressure variability (BPV) consists of short-term BPV (e.g., diurnal BPV) and long-term BPV (e.g., visit-to-visit BPV). The prospective association of long-term BPV though young adulthood with cognition in midlife is unknown. Methods: CARDIA is a multicenter community-based study that included participants (ppts) aged 18 to 30 years at baseline (Year 0: Y 0 ) in 1985-86 with follow-up examinations at Y 2 , Y 5 , Y 7 , Y 10 , Y 15 , Y 20 , and Y 25 . BP was measured at each exam, and visit-to-visit BPV was assessed by standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), maximum minus minimum BP difference (MMD), and average real variability (ARV) across 7 visits (Y 0-20 ). Cognitive function was assessed at Y 25 by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST, a measure of psychomotor speed; n=2,318), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT, a measure of short-term verbal memory; n=2,321), and the modified Stroop test (executive function; n=2,307). We performed separate multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, and also adjusted for baseline BP (Y 0 ), change of BP (Y 20 -Y 0 ), or cumulative BP from Y 0 to Y 20 (mmHg х year) to determine whether BPV is associated with cognition independent of long-term BP level. Results: At the Y 25 examination, included ppts had a mean age of 50 years, 57% were women and 43% were black. BPV measured by higher SD and ARV in both systolic and diastolic BP was significantly associated with lower DSST and lower RAVLT. SD and ARV remained significant even after further adjustment for baseline BP, change of BP, or cumulative BP (Table). Measures of BPV were not associated with the Stroop test. Associations between the CV and MMD measures of BPV with cognitive function were similar to those of SD (not shown). Conclusions: Long-term BPV over 20-years through young adulthood is associated with worse psychomotor speed and verbal memory in midlife, independent of BP levels. These results may have implications for understanding the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction in older adults.

scholarly journals Temporal Sequence of Hearing Impairment and Cognition in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M Armstrong ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci ◽  
Jennifer A Deal ◽  
Frank R Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
Learning Test

Abstract Background Hearing impairment (HI) could be a risk factor for cognitive decline, but cognition could plausibly also affect psychoacoustic assessment of hearing with audiometry. We examined the temporal sequence of hearing and cognitive function among nondemented, community-dwelling older adults. Methods Hearing and cognition were assessed between 2012 and 2015 and 2 years thereafter in 313 nondemented participants aged ≥60 years in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Poorer hearing was defined by pure-tone average of 0.5–4 kHz tones in the better-hearing ear. Cognitive measures with either visual or auditory inputs were Trail-making Test Part B; Digit Symbol Substitution Test; California Verbal Learning Test immediate recall, short delay, and long delay; Digit Span Forward/Backward; Benton Visual Retention Test; and Mini-Mental State Examination. We used linear regression models for cross-sectional associations at each timepoint and autoregressive, cross-lagged models to evaluate whether baseline hearing impairment (Time 1) predicted cognitive performance 2 years after baseline (Time 2) and vice versa. Results Cross-sectionally, there were no associations between poorer hearing and cognitive performance. Longitudinally, poorer hearing was associated with declines in California Verbal Learning Test immediate (β = −0.073, SE = 0.032, p = .024), short-delayed (β = −0.134, SE = 0.043, p = .002), long-delayed (β = −0.080, SE = 0.032, p = .012) recall, and Digit Span Forward (β = −0.074, SE = 0.029, p = .011).) from Time 1 to Time 2. Cognitive performance at Time 1 did not predict change in hearing status at Time 2. Conclusions Audiometric hearing impairment predicted short-term cognitive declines in both California Verbal Learning Test and auditory stimuli for attention.

scholarly journals Concussion History and Cognitive Function in a Large Cohort of Adolescent Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (13) ◽  
pp. 3262-3270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Taylor ◽  
Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou ◽  
Jim Clover ◽  
Brent A. Coull ◽  
Jack T. Dennerlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Effect Estimate ◽  
Cognitive Score ◽  
And Performance

Background: The incidence of reported concussions in the adolescent population is increasing, yet research on the effects of concussions in this population is minimal and inconclusive. Purpose: To assess the association between concussion and performance on a cognitive test battery. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Using multivariate models, the authors assessed the association between concussion and performance on a cognitive test battery among 5616 high school and junior high school athletes. The researchers utilized a global cognitive score and scores for 5 domains: verbal memory, visual memory, visual motor, reaction time, and impulse control. Each cognitive score was converted to a z score with the mean and SD of the nonconcussed population. Results from each model were then interpreted as change in the standardized unit score. In the models, concussion was evaluated as ever having a concussion, number of concussions, time since last concussion, and age at first concussion. Results: Ever having a concussion was associated with a mean decrease of 0.11 standardized units (95% CI, −0.20 to −0.01) on the global cognitive score and lower scores in all cognitive domains. Each additional concussion was associated with lower scores on global cognitive function (effect estimate, −0.06; 95% CI, −0.11 to −0.02), verbal memory, visual memory, and impulse control. Concussion in early childhood was associated with lower global cognition (effect estimate, −0.05; 95% CI, −0.08 to −0.01), visual memory, and motor visual scores as compared with concussions in later childhood. The associations between time since last concussion and cognitive test scores were nonlinear, and on all tests, lower scores were observed even ≥1 year after the concussion. Conclusion: On the basis of objective performance metrics for cognitive function, concussions had a more persistent effect on cognitive function than previously thought. The age at which an individual has his or her first concussion may be an important factor in determining long-lasting cognitive effects.

scholarly journals A-182 Convergent and Divergent Validity of the ChAMP with the CVLT-C and RCFT in Children with Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-977
Author(s):  
David C ◽  
Brooks B ◽  
Macallister W
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Figure Test

Abstract Objective As new measures of memory become available, clinicians may be cautious to adopt them without evidence supporting their validity. The present study assesses the convergent and divergent validity of the Child and Adolescent Memory Profile (ChAMP), with the California Verbal Learning Test Children’s (CVLT-C) and the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) in children with epilepsy. Method Twenty four clinically referred children (16 female, 8 male, - age = 12.37 years, SD = 2.68) completed the ChAMP, CVLT-C, and RCFT. Pearson correlations assessed the ChAMP’s convergent and divergent validity with the CVLT-C and the RCFT. Base rate of impairment was calculated for scores ≤2nd percentile. Results The ChAMP verbal tasks demonstrated strong relations with CVLT-C (lists; r = 0.678 p = &lt; .001, instructions; r = 0.724 p = &lt; .001 with CVLT-C learning trials and ChAMP lists free recall with CVLT-C long delay r = 0.580 p = .003). The ChAMP visual tasks correlated strongly with the RCFT delay (objects; r = 0.570 p = .004, places; r = 0.619 p = .001, Visual Memory Index; r = 0.657 p = &lt; .001). However, divergent validity was limited as ChAMP Verbal Memory Index correlated with RCFT delay (r = 0.550 p = .005) and ChAMP Visual Memory Index with CVLT-C delay (r = 0.606 p = .002). Eight percent were deemed impaired on ChAMP lists delay similar to the CVLT-C delay (13%), however, ChAMP places delay identified 21% impaired, compared to the RCFT delay (42%). Conclusions ChAMP scores are strongly correlated with older established measures, but identify fewer cases as clinically impaired. This may reflect the more contemporary normative data or the fact that ChAMP tasks are less multifactorial in nature than are the CVLT-C and RCFT.

scholarly journals Long-Term Impact of Community-Based Information, Education and Communication Activities on Food Hygiene and Food Safety Behaviors in Vietnam: A Longitudinal Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e70654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumiko Takanashi ◽  
Dao To Quyen ◽  
Nguyen Thi Le Hoa ◽  
Nguyen Cong Khan ◽  
Junko Yasuoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Safety Behaviors ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Long Term Impact

scholarly journals Subtle Cognitive Impairments in Patients with Long-Term Cure of Cushing’s Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 2699-2714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitske Tiemensma ◽  
Nieke E. Kokshoorn ◽  
Nienke R. Biermasz ◽  
Bart-Jan S. A. Keijser ◽  
Moniek J. E. Wassenaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Irreversible Effects

Abstract Context and Objective: Active Cushing’s disease is associated with cognitive impairments. We hypothesized that previous hypercortisolism in patients with Cushing’s disease results in irreversible impairments in cognitive functioning. Therefore, our aim was to assess cognitive functioning after long-term cure of Cushing’s disease. Design: Cognitive assessment consisted of 11 tests, which evaluated global cognitive functioning, memory, and executive functioning. Patients and Control Subjects: We included 74 patients cured of Cushing’s disease and 74 controls matched for age, gender, and education. Furthermore, we included 54 patients previously treated for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFMA) and 54 controls matched for age, gender, and education. Results: Compared with NFMA patients, patients cured from Cushing’s disease had lower scores on the Mini Mental State Examination (P = 0.001), and on the memory quotient of the Wechsler Memory Scale (P = 0.050). Furthermore, patients cured from Cushing’s disease tended to recall fewer words on the imprinting (P = 0.013), immediate recall (P = 0.012), and delayed recall (P = 0.003) trials of the Verbal Learning Test of Rey. On the Rey Complex Figure Test, patients cured from Cushing’s disease had lower scores on both trials (P = 0.002 and P = 0.007) compared with NFMA patients. Patients cured from Cushing’s disease also made fewer correct substitutions on the Letter-Digit Substitution Test (P = 0.039) and came up with fewer correct patterns on the Figure Fluency Test (P = 0.003) compared with treated NFMA patients. Conclusions: Cognitive function, reflecting memory and executive functions, is impaired in patients despite long-term cure of Cushing’s disease. These observations indicate irreversible effects of previous hypercortisolism on cognitive function and, thus, on the central nervous system. These observations may also be of relevance for patients treated with high-dose exogenous glucocorticoids.

scholarly journals Intake of Vegetables and Fruits Through Young Adulthood Is Associated with Better Cognitive Function in Midlife in the US General Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (8) ◽  
pp. 1424-1433
Author(s):  
Xuanxia Mao ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Pengcheng Xun ◽  
Martha L Daviglus ◽  
Lyn M Steffen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

ABSTRACT Background Vegetables and fruits (VF) may differentially affect cognitive functions, presumably due to their various nutrient contents, but evidence from epidemiologic studies is limited. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the long-term association between VF intakes, including VF subgroups, in young adulthood and cognitive function in midlife. Methods A biracial cohort of 3231 men and women aged 18–30 y at baseline in 1985–1986 were followed up for 25 y in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Diet was measured at baseline, and in examination years 7 and 20. Cognitive function was assessed at examination year 25 through the use of 3 tests: the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and the Stroop test. The mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs in cognitive scores across intake categories were estimated through the use of the multivariable-adjusted general linear regression model. Results Excluding potatoes, intake of whole vegetables was significantly associated with a better cognitive performance after adjustment for potential confounders in all 3 cognitive tests (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1—RAVLT, MD: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.64; P-trend = 0.08; DSST, MD: 2.84; 95% CI: 0.93, 4.75; P-trend < 0.01; Stroop test, MD: −2.87; 95% CI: −4.24, −1.50; P-trend < 0.01]. Similarly, intake of fruits, except fruit juices, was significantly related to a better cognitive performance (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1—DSST, MD: 2.41; 95% CI: 0.70, 4.12; P-trend = 0.03). Conclusions This study supports the long-term benefits of VF consumption on cognitive performance, except those VF with relatively low fiber content such as potatoes and fruit juices, among the middle-aged US general population.

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