scholarly journals Doubtful Role of IL28B Polymorphism in Occult Hepatitis B Infection

Intervirology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Marta Bes ◽  
Victor Vargas ◽  
Maria Piron ◽  
Natalia Casamitjana ◽  
Juan Ignacio Esteban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B ◽  
Il28b Polymorphism

Aims: To investigate the influence of IL28B polymorphism in occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) and whether IL28B genetic variants are associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T-cell responses. Patients and Methods: The rs12979860 IL28B genotype was determined in 34 OBI blood donors, 22 spontaneous HBV resolvers, 36 inactive HBV carriers and 25 seronegative donors. T-cell responses to HBV recombinant proteins were assessed by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Results: The frequency of the IL28B CC genotype among OBI patients was similar to that of inactive carriers [41 vs. 39%, respectively, p = 0.961; odds ratio (OR) = 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42-2.86; p = 0.845]. The IL28B CC genotype was found more frequently in spontaneous resolvers, although the differences were not significant (45 vs. 39%, spontaneous resolvers and inactive carriers, respectively; p = 0.828; OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 0.45-3.83; p = 0.622). HBV-specific T-cell responses were detected in OBIs, and significantly stronger T-cell responses towards hepatitis B envelope antigen were observed in those with the IL28B CC genotype. In spontaneous resolvers and inactive carriers, IL28B CC did not correlate with the magnitude of T-cell responses. Conclusions: In OBI donors, IL28B CC correlates with the intensity of HBV-specific T-cell responses. In this study, IL28B CC is not statistically associated with OBI or with HBV clearance, but a larger number of cases is needed before completely ruling out its role in HBV infection.

T cell responses and viral variability in blood donation candidates with occult hepatitis B infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Bes ◽  
Victor Vargas ◽  
Maria Piron ◽  
Natalia Casamitjana ◽  
Juan Ignacio Esteban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

scholarly journals Type I Interferon Signaling Prevents Hepatitis B Virus-Specific T Cell Responses by Reducing Antigen Expression

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keigo Kawashima ◽  
Masanori Isogawa ◽  
Susumu Hamada-Tsutsumi ◽  
Ian Baudi ◽  
Satoru Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Type I Interferon ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Type I ◽  
Interferon Signaling ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
B Virus

ABSTRACT Robust virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses are required for the clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, the factors that determine the magnitude of HBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses are poorly understood. To examine the impact of genetic variations of HBV on HBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses, we introduced three HBV clones (Aa_IND [Aa], C_JPN22 [C22], and D_IND60 [D60]) that express various amounts of HBV antigens into the livers of C57BL/6 (B6) (H-2b) mice and B10.D2 (H-2d) mice. In B6 mice, clone C22 barely induced HBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses and persisted the longest, while clone D60 elicited strong HBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses and was rapidly cleared. These differences between HBV clones largely diminished in H-2d mice. Interestingly, the magnitude of HBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses in B6 mice was associated with the HB core antigen expression level during the early phase of HBV transduction. Surprisingly, robust HBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses to clone C22 were induced in interferon-α/β receptor-deficient (IFN-αβR–/–) (H-2b) mice. The induction of HBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses to C22 in IFN-αβR–/– mice reflects enhanced HBV antigen expression because the suppression of antigen expression by HBV-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated HBV-specific T cell responses in IFN-αβR–/– mice and prolonged HBV expression. Collectively, these results suggest that HBV genetic variation and type I interferon signaling determine the magnitude of HBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses by regulating the initial antigen expression levels. IMPORTANCE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes acute and chronic infection, and approximately 240 million people are chronically infected with HBV worldwide. It is generally believed that virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses are required for the clearance of HBV. However, the relative contributions of genetic variation and innate immune responses to the induction of HBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses are not fully understood. In this study, we discovered that different clearance rates between HBV clones after hydrodynamic transduction were associated with the magnitude of HBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses and initial HB core antigen expression. Surprisingly, type I interferon signaling negatively regulated HBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses by reducing early HBV antigen expression. These results show that the magnitude of the HBV-specific CD8+ T cell response is regulated primarily by the initial antigen expression level.

scholarly journals Occult hepatitis B virus infection among hemodialysis patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahil Nahid Samiei ◽  
Somayeh Shokri ◽  
Shahab Mahmoudvand ◽  
Manoochehr Makvandi ◽  
Heshmatollah Shahbazian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus is a major public health impasse all over the world. Recently a new form of hepatitis B infection named Occult hepatitis B Infection (OBI) has appeared globally. The OBI is defined as the presence of HBV DNA in the liver and/or blood in the absence of detectable serum HBsAg with/without anti-HBc or anti-HBs. The prevalence of OBI has been reported in hemodialysis (HD) patients in different regions of the world. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of OBI among HD patients. The cross-sectional study was carried out on 84 HD patients. These sera were checked for HBsAg, HBc-IgG assessment using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The DNA was extracted from the sera samples and tested for HBVDNA detection using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested PCR). The liver function tests including serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were carried out for all the HD individuals. 52/84(61.9%) of HD were males and 32/84 (38.1%) were females. The patient’s age ranged from 25 to 64 with a mean age of 52.4±15.2 years. HBsAg and HBc-IgG were detected in 1(1.1%) female. 2 (2.4%; a female and a male) patients were positive for HBsAg. 14/84 (16.7%; 6 female and 8 male) HD patients were positive for anti-HBc but negative for HBsAg, among them 4(28.6%; 2 female and 2 male) cases were positive for HBV DNA, indicating the presence of OBI in HD patients. Even distribution of OBI among the HD was found in 2(2.36%) male and 2(2.36%) female (P>.0.05). In the present study the moderate rate of 4.76% OBI has been observed in HD patients. The prevalence of seropositive OBI among the gender was 2(2.36%) male and 2(2.36%) female. The seronegative OBI have not been detected in the present study but requires further investigation. In this study the affliction of OBI in HD patients is not clear.

Hepatitis B virus-specific T cell responses after stopping nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Rinker ◽  
Christine L. Zimmer ◽  
Christoph Höner zu Siederdissen ◽  
Michael P. Manns ◽  
Anke R.M. Kraft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Negative Chronic Hepatitis
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