scholarly journals Amino Acids Attenuate Insulin Action on Gluconeogenesis and Promote Fatty Acid Biosynthesis via mTORC1 Signaling Pathway in trout Hepatocytes

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 1084-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Dai ◽  
Stéphane Panserat ◽  
Elisabeth Plagnes-Juan ◽  
Iban Seiliez ◽  
Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Mtorc1 Signaling

Background/Aims: Carnivores exhibit poor utilization of dietary carbohydrates and glucose intolerant phenotypes, yet it remains unclear what are the causal factors and underlying mechanisms. We aimed to evaluate excessive amino acids (AAs)-induced effects on insulin signaling, fatty acid biosynthesis and glucose metabolism in rainbow trout and determine the potential involvement of mTORC1 and p38 MAPK pathway. Methods: We stimulated trout primary hepatocytes with different AA levels and employed acute administration of rapamycin to inhibit mTORC1 activation. Results: Increased AA levels enhanced the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1), S6, and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) on Ser302 but suppressed Akt and p38 phosphorylation; up-regulated the expression of genes related to gluconeogenesis and fatty acid biosynthesis. mTORC1 inhibition not only inhibited the phosphorylation of mTORC1 downstream targets, but also blunted IRS-1 Ser302 phosphorylation and restored excessive AAs-suppressed Akt phosphorylation. Rapamycin also inhibited fatty acid biosynthetic and gluconeogenic gene expression. Conclusion: High levels of AAs up-regulate hepatic fatty acid biosynthetic gene expression through an mTORC1-dependent manner, while attenuate insulin-mediated repression of gluconeogenesis through elevating IRS-1 Ser302 phosphorylation, which in turn impairs Akt activation and thereby weakening insulin action. We propose that p38 MAPK probably also involves in these AAs-induced metabolic changes.

scholarly journals GPR52 Accelerates Fatty Acid Biosynthesis In a Ligand-dependent Manner in Hepatocytes and In Response to Excessive Fat Intake in Mice

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 102260
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Wada ◽  
Kayo Yukawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Ogasawara ◽  
Koichi Suzawa ◽  
Tatsuya Maekawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Morphological Features and Cold-Response Gene Expression in Mesophilic Bacillus cereus Group and Psychrotolerant Bacillus cereus Group under Low Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Kyung-Min Park ◽  
Hyun-Jung Kim ◽  
Min-Sun Kim ◽  
Minseon Koo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group

At low temperatures, psychrotolerant B. cereus group strains exhibit a higher growth rate than mesophilic strains do. However, the different survival responses of the psychrotolerant strain (BCG34) and the mesophilic strain (BCGT) at low temperatures are unclear. We investigated the morphological and genomic features of BCGT and BCG34 to characterize their growth strategies at low temperatures. At low temperatures, morphological changes were observed only in BCGT. These morphological changes included the elongation of rod-shaped cells, whereas the cell shape in BCG34 was unchanged at the low temperature. A transcriptomic analysis revealed that both species exhibited different growth-related traits during low-temperature growth. The BCGT strain induces fatty acid biosynthesis, sulfur assimilation, and methionine and cysteine biosynthesis as a survival mechanism in cold systems. Increases in energy metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis in the mesophilic B. cereus group strain might explain its ability to grow at low temperatures. Several pathways involved in carbohydrate mechanisms were downregulated to conserve the energy required for growth. Peptidoglycan biosynthesis was upregulated, implying that a change of gene expression in both RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR contributed to sustaining its growth and rod shape at low temperatures. These results improve our understanding of the growth response of the B. cereus group, including psychrotolerant B. cereus group strains, at low temperatures and provide information for improving bacterial inhibition strategies in the food industry.

scholarly journals GPR52 Accelerates Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in a Ligand-Dependent Manner in Hepatocytes and in Response to Excessive Fat Intake in Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Wada ◽  
Kayo Yukawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Ogasawara ◽  
Koichi Suzawa ◽  
Tatsuya Maekawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

Inhibition of the Plastidic Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex in Isolated Plastids of Oat

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Golz ◽  
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Dehydrogenase Complex

The activity of the plastidic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (pPDHC) is one source of acetyl-CoA in plastids of higher plants needed for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. This plastidic enzyme reaction is specifically inhibited by acetylmethylphosphinate (AMPI), a com ­ pound which had hitherto been known only as an inhibitor of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (mPDHC). In the test system of isolated intact oat plastids (Avena sativa) [2-14C]pyruvate was used for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. The incorporation of label from [2-14C]pyruvate in fatty acids was inhibited by AMPI in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition rose with increasing preincubation time of plastids with the inhibitor. I50 values for the inhibition of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis from [2-14C]pyruvate by AMPI for iso­lated etioplasts and chloroplasts were 4.5 and 80 μm , respectively. The activity of the pPDHC decreased during greening of oat seedlings, as is seen from the decreasing incorporation of [2-14C]pyruvate into fatty acids during the light-induced transformation of etioplasts into chloroplasts. In contrast to the decreasing pPDHC activity, the activity of the plastidic acetyl-C oA synthetase (ACS), which transfers acetate to acetyl-CoA, rose parallel to the transfor­mation of etioplasts into chloroplasts. During the assay time of 20 min we could not detect an incorporation of radiolabel from pyruvate or acetate into β-carotene or any other carotenoid

Chronic intermittent hypoxia upregulates genes of lipid biosynthesis in obese mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1643-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Li ◽  
Dmitry N. Grigoryev ◽  
Shui Qing Ye ◽  
Laura Thorne ◽  
Alan R. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Lipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition tightly linked to obesity, leads to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) during sleep. There is emerging evidence that OSA is independently associated with insulin resistance and fatty liver disease, suggesting that OSA may affect hepatic lipid metabolism. To test this hypothesis, leptin-deficient obese ( ob/ob) mice were exposed to CIH during the light phase (9 AM–9 PM) for 12 wk. Liver lipid content and gene expression profile in the liver (Affymetrix 430 GeneChip with real-time PCR validation) were determined on completion of the exposure. CIH caused a 30% increase in triglyceride and phospholipid liver content ( P < 0.05), whereas liver cholesterol content was unchanged. Gene expression analysis showed that CIH upregulated multiple genes controlling 1) cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis [malic enzyme and acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase], 2) predominantly fatty acid biosynthesis (acetyl-CoA carboxylase and stearoyl-CoA desaturases 1 and 2), and 3) triglyceride and phospholipid biosynthesis (mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase). A majority of overexpressed genes were transcriptionally regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1, a master regulator of lipogenesis. A 2.8-fold increase in SREBP-1 gene expression in CIH was confirmed by real-time PCR ( P = 0.001). Expression of major genes of cholesterol biosynthesis, SREBP-2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, was unchanged. In conclusion, we have shown that CIH may exacerbate preexisting fatty liver of obesity via upregulation of the pathways of lipid biosynthesis in the liver.

Inhibition of early steps of de novo fatty-acid biosynthesis by different xenobiotica

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Manfred Focke ◽  
Andrea Feld ◽  
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

Development of 'S', 'N’ Heterocycles as Antimycobacterials Targeting Fatty Acid Biosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Dahiwade ◽  
S. R. Rochlani ◽  
P. B. Choudhari ◽  
R. P. Dhavale ◽  
H. N. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
After Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a causative organism of tuberculosis, which is most deadly disease after cancer in a current decade. The development of multidrug and broadly drug- resistant strains making the tuberculosis problem more and more critical. In last 40 years, only one molecule is added to the treatment regimen. Generally, drug design and development programs are targeted proteins whose function is known to be essential to the bacterial cell. Objectives: Reported here are the development of 'S', 'N’ heterocycles as antimycobacterials targeting fatty acid biosynthesis. Material and Methods: In the present communication, rational development of anti-mycobacterial agent's targeting fatty acid biosynthesis has been done by integrating the pocket modelling and virtual analysis. Results: The identified potential 33 lead compounds were synthesized, characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods like IR, NMR spectroscopy and further screened for antimycobacterial activity using isoniazid as standard. All the designed compounds have shown profound antimycobacterial activity. Conclusion: In this present communication, we found that 3c, 3f, 3l and 4k molecules had expressive desirable biological activity and specific interactions with fatty acids. Further optimization of these leads is necessary for the development of potential antimycobacterial drug candidate having less side effects.

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