The Natural History of Hepatitis A: The Potential for Transmission by Transfusion of Blood or Blood Products

2015 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Stanley M. Lemon
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
History Of

Natural, history of post-transfusion chronic hepatitis: A prospective study

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. S118
Author(s):  
J Erdozain ◽  
R Bárcena ◽  
C Martín de Argila ◽  
A Moreno ◽  
V Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Prospective Study

Follow-up MR of Intracranial Cavernomas the Relationship between Haemorrhagic Events and Morphology

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Willinsky ◽  
W. Harper ◽  
M.C. Wallace ◽  
W. Kucharczyk ◽  
W. Montanera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regressive Changes

The purpose of this review was to determine whether a classification scheme for cavernomas based on the MR appearance is predictive of the natural history of the lesions with particular reference to the risk of haemorrhage. We reviewed the clinical and MR findings in 156 patients with intracranial cavernomas. The dominant or symptomatic cavernoma was graded into three groups according to the appearance of the blood products. The presence of haemorrhage, mass effect and oedema was evaluated. Sixty patients had serial MRs with a mean follow-up of 1.9 years. Subacute haemorrhage with mass effect and oedema was evident on the initial MR in 30 patients (19%). In seven patients follow-up MR showed haemorrhage with mass effect and oedema. Six of these bleeds were in the posterior fossa. The haemorrhages seen on follow-up MR occurred in all three morphological types. Regression was found on follow-up MR in five of the seven patients who initially showed a bleed. In 35% of patients, the dominant or symptomatic cavernoma changed on serial MR. Intracranial cavernomas are dynamic lesions with both active and regressive changes seen on follow-up MR. A classification system based on morphology was not found to be useful in predicting future bleeds. Bleeding rates, based on MR follow-up, were 10.9% in the posterior fossa and 1.7% in the supratentorial compartment.

The Impact of the First Exposure to Different Blood Products on the Prevalence and Natural History of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Von Willebrand Disease (VWD): Results from a Large Cohort Study Comparing VWD and Hemophilia Patients.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4108-4108
Author(s):  
Augusto B. Federici ◽  
Mariagrazia Rumi ◽  
Elena Santagostino ◽  
Antonio Russo ◽  
Massimo Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
P Value ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Large Pool ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with inherited bleeding disorders who received clotting factors concentrates before the introduction of viral inactivation procedures in the mid 1980s. Severity of hepatitis C has been largely associated to male gender, long duration of infection, high prevalence of genotype 1, high levels of viremia and multiple inocula with HCV. Compared to hemophiliacs (HEM), patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) have been less extensively exposed to large-pool concentrates because they usually have a less severe bleeding diathesis and bleedings could be often controlled in the past by desmopressin (DDAVP) or cryoprecipitates prepared by national blood banks. Aims and Study design: To assess the prevalence and natural history of HCV infection in VWD, 358 patients (VWD types 1=41%; 2=53%;3=6%) regularly followed up at the Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia Thrombosis Center of Milan have been surveyed since 1998 in this six-year cohort study. Blood borne viral markers have been controlled yearly in all transfused patients and liver function tests have been monitored in all HCV infected cases at least every six months. To explore the impact of different blood products on HCV infection, the 358 VWD were also compared with 397 HEM (mild =27%, moderate = 9%, severe = 64%) similarly followed up at the same Center, taking into account the type of blood components or FVIII concentrates to which individual patients of both populations were first exposed. Methods: The comparison between VWD and HEM data were performed by univariate analysis (t-test). Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the association between HCV genotypes and VWD/HEM status: maximum likelihood estimates of odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were also calculated. Results: Data obtained in VWD/HEM are as follows: A) Blood transfusions: 1) transfused patients= 39/95%; 2) First exposures to: whole blood or plasma=58/9%; cryoprecipitate=22/4%; large-pool FVIII concentrates=20/87%. B) Blood borne infections: 1) anti-HIV=1.4/23%; 2) anti-HCV=43/96%; 3) HCV-RNA negative=19/20%; 4) HCV genotype distribution: 1a=17/38%; 1b=32/30%; 2=26/16%; 3=21/14%; 4=4/2%. Even though genotype distribution was clearly different in VWD, only the risk to be infected by HCV type 1a was significantly reduced (OR=0.36; 95% CI 0.15–0.84). However, no difference was found in the exposure to large-pool concentrates between VWD and HEM with HCV type 1a infection (57 versus 67%, p-value=0.3). C) Natural history of HCV infection: 1) Male gender=41/99%; 2) Median age at infection=24/7 years with ranges = 10-69/5-68; 3) Serum ALT activity persistently or intermittently high= 67/79% (p-value=0.06) in cases with positive HCV-RNA; 4) Cirrhosis and HCC= 4/9% (p-value=0.4) of patients, respectively. Conclusions: VWD Italian patients showed a sporadic risk of infection with HIV and a lower prevalence of HCV. HCV genotypes distribution seems to reflect the source of blood products and can influence the natural history of HCV in VWD, as shown by the relatively lower incidence of liver abnormalities.

How is the moral stance related to the intentional stance and group thinking?

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Rakoczy
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Intentional Stance ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Shared Intentionality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Thinking ◽  
Moral Stance

Abstract The natural history of our moral stance told here in this commentary reveals the close nexus of morality and basic social-cognitive capacities. Big mysteries about morality thus transform into smaller and more manageable ones. Here, I raise questions regarding the conceptual, ontogenetic, and evolutionary relations of the moral stance to the intentional and group stances and to shared intentionality.

Natural history of helicobacter pylori infection from infancy to adulthood: A 21-year follow-up cohort study

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A128-A128 ◽  
Author(s):  
H MALATY ◽  
D GRAHAM ◽  
A ELKASABANY ◽  
S REDDY ◽  
S SRINIVASAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
History Of
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