Micro Stop Flow Experiments: A New Method for in vivo Analysis of the Function of the Diluting Segment

2015 ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Ulrich Gutsche
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Diluting Segment ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Flow Experiments ◽  
Stop Flow

Impaired diluting capacity of the thick ascending limb during loop bicarbonate and nitrate perfusion in vivo

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1416-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Ulrich Gutsche ◽  
Linda N. Peterson ◽  
Karl-Heinz Sauerwald ◽  
David Z. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Urine Concentration ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Distal Nephron ◽  
Nacl Transport ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Bicarbonate Solutions ◽  
Flow Experiments ◽  
Stop Flow

Previous whole animal studies have indicated that when nitrate or bicarbonate is substituted for chloride, renal concentrating defects can be demonstrated. It has been proposed that function of the "distal nephron" or thick ascending limb may be impaired when chloride is replaced by other anions. To examine this proposal, microstop-flow experiments were performed in rats in which loops were perfused with solutions containing 110 mM NaCl, NaHCO3, or NaNO3. Solute reabsorption by the thick ascending limb was assessed by measuring the minimum conductivity of fluid emerging from the loop following intervals of stop-flow. Thick ascending limb solute transport was impaired in loops perfused with HCO3 or NO3 evidenced by the marked increase in solute remaining in the loop after 60 s of stop-flow. The calculated corresponding sodium concentrations were in the range of 17–24 mM Na for the NaCl perfusion, 57–88 mM Na for the NaHCO3 perfusion, and 57–69 mM Na for the NaNO3 perfusion. Clearly, the minimum concentration achieved with NaCl was approximately one-third of that reached with the nitrate or bicarbonate solutions. These results indicate that when chloride-poor solutions reach the thick ascending limb, an important impairment of diluting capacity is demonstrable in vivo in the rat. The present studies, therefore, provide an important link between recent information regarding the mechanism of NaCl transport in the thick ascending limb and older whole animal studies suggesting an important role for distal chloride delivery in urine concentration.

Effect of metabolic inhibitors on urine osmolality and electrolyte excretion

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (6) ◽  
pp. 1065-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Herms ◽  
Richard L. Malvin
Keyword(s):  
Renal Artery ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
K Secretion ◽  
Flow Experiments ◽  
K Transport ◽  
Stop Flow

The in vivo effects of aerobic and anaerobic metabolic inhibitors on renal Na and K transport and concentrating ability were studied in dogs. Two aerobic inhibitors (sodium cyanide and hydroxylamine) and two anaerobic inhibitors (iodoacetate and triethyleneiminotriazine) were infused into one renal artery. Urine was collected separately from both kidneys and urine osmolality, Na, and K concentrations were measured. In addition, stop-flow experiments were done before and after infusion of NaCN and iodoacetate into one renal artery. Aerobic inhibitors resulted in a decrease in urine osmolality associated with a large increase in Na excretion. Anaerobic inhibitors resulted in a similar decrease in urine osmolality with only a minimal increase in Na excretion. In stop-flow experiments cyanide blocked Na and K transport in the distal tubule. Iodoacetate had no demonstrable effect on distal Na or K transport, but did abolish K secretion which was presumed to take place in the collecting ducts. These results suggest that Na and K transport in medullary regions is largely dependent on energy derived from anaerobic glycolysis.

scholarly journals A New Method for In Vivo Analysis of Parathyroid Hormone-Calcium Set Point in Mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1656-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Imanishi ◽  
Charles Hall ◽  
Marilyn Sablosky ◽  
Edward M. Brown ◽  
Andrew Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
New Method ◽  
Set Point ◽  
In Vivo Analysis

Meiotic CENP-C is a shepherd: bridging the space between the centromere and the kinetochore in time and space

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Fellmeth ◽  
Kim S. McKim
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Early Prophase ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Kinetochore Assembly ◽  
M Phase ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Meiosis I

Abstract While many of the proteins involved in the mitotic centromere and kinetochore are conserved in meiosis, they often gain a novel function due to the unique needs of homolog segregation during meiosis I (MI). CENP-C is a critical component of the centromere for kinetochore assembly in mitosis. Recent work, however, has highlighted the unique features of meiotic CENP-C. Centromere establishment and stability require CENP-C loading at the centromere for CENP-A function. Pre-meiotic loading of proteins necessary for homolog recombination as well as cohesion also rely on CENP-C, as do the main scaffolding components of the kinetochore. Much of this work relies on new technologies that enable in vivo analysis of meiosis like never before. Here, we strive to highlight the unique role of this highly conserved centromere protein that loads on to centromeres prior to M-phase onset, but continues to perform critical functions through chromosome segregation. CENP-C is not merely a structural link between the centromere and the kinetochore, but also a functional one joining the processes of early prophase homolog synapsis to late metaphase kinetochore assembly and signaling.

1059: In Vivo Analysis of Chronic Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition in Penile Erectile Tissue: No Tachyphylaxis Effect

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 287-287
Author(s):  
Anhur L. Burnett ◽  
Hunter C. Champion ◽  
Robyn E. Becker ◽  
Melissa F. Kramer ◽  
Tongyun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Tissue ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 5

In vivo Analysis of Murine Pneumococcal Pneumonia for Mathematical Modelling of Community Aquired Pneumonia

Pneumologie ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S125
Author(s):  
S Berger ◽  
C Gökeri ◽  
U Behrendt ◽  
SM Wienhold ◽  
J Lienau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Community Aquired Pneumonia

Regulation of glucose uptake and metabolism by working muscle. An in vivo analysis

Diabetes ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 956-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Zinker ◽  
D. B. Lacy ◽  
D. Bracy ◽  
J. Jacobs ◽  
D. H. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism
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