Long-Term Drug Effects on Human Sleep

2015 ◽  
pp. 477-485
Author(s):  
E. Hartmann ◽  
J. Cravens
Keyword(s):  
Drug Effects ◽  
Human Sleep

Carbamazepine-induced delayed-onset agranulocytosis in a case of bipolar disorder with Kikuchi’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e241973
Author(s):  
Cebasta Irudayaraj ◽  
Raviteja Innamuri ◽  
Dheeraj Kattula
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Kikuchi’S Disease ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Kikuchi's Disease

A 48-year-old man who is a known case of bipolar disorder was maintaining well on a combination of carbamazepine and quetiapine for 3 years until he developed fever, severe leucopenia and lymphadenopathy, along with significant loss of weight and appetite. A thorough investigation revealed Kikuchi’s disease as a likely histological diagnosis. Carbamazepine was discontinued and quetiapine was titrated for the management of psychiatric symptoms. The patient gradually made good recovery following discontinuation of carbamazepine and the diagnosis of drug-induced myelosuppression was retained. Clinicians need to be aware of the adverse effects of medications being used for long-term prophylaxis and other possible conditions that may change the course of drug effects.

Pharmaco-EcoMicrobiology and Its Potential Role in Medical and Environmental Sciences

2012 ◽  
pp. 291-302
Author(s):  
Mohd. Shahid ◽  
Hridesh Mishra ◽  
Hemant Kumar Mishra ◽  
Trivendra Tripathi ◽  
Haris M. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
World Health ◽  
Adverse Drug Effects ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Health Organization

Despite the call of the World Health Organization (WHO) for “Pharmacovigilance,” i.e. the monitoring, detection, assessment, and prevention of any adverse reactions, poor attention has been given to identify the long term and short term Adverse Effects (ADEs) of antimicrobial agents on the environment. It is obvious that most of the health sectors across the globe are occupied by infectious diseases (e.g. tuberculosis, HIV, and hepatitis), and to combat such threats, the pharmaceutical industries are pouring tons of drugs and reagents into a market worth billions of dollars. The discharge of these products into the ecosystem is potentially a threat to the environment and human health. In this chapter, the authors depicted a recently described terminology, “Pharmaco-EcoMicrobiology” (PEcM), that could cover these problems and their possible solutions on medical and environmental aspects. In this regard, the role of pharmacoinformatics could also be crucial, since it can provide swift information for implementation and use of information technologies for the discovery and development of drugs as well as in pharmacy education and also the detection and combat of adverse drug effects.

scholarly journals An observational study of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in treatment-experienced people living with HIV in Singapore

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252320
Author(s):  
Li Wei Ang ◽  
Oon Tek Ng ◽  
Irving Charles Boudville ◽  
Yee Sin Leo ◽  
Chen Seong Wong
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Strand Transfer ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background While the use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has conferred significant reduction in morbidity and mortality, there are growing concerns about the metabolic complications of antiretroviral regimens in HIV-infected patients. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Singapore. Methods We conducted a retrospective study using the clinical database maintained by the Clinical HIV Programme at the National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore. Treatment-experienced PLHIV on follow-up during 2015–2017 were included. MetS was defined as having three or more of the following five abnormalities: hypertriglyceridemia, HDL hypocholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. Results A total of 2,231 PLHIV were included in this study. 93.9% were men, and the median age at latest follow-up was 48 years. The median duration of HIV infection and duration of exposure to cART was 6.8 years and 5.7 years, respectively. All had been exposed to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) as the first line of treatment, 93.9% to non-NRTIs, 28.6% to protease inhibitors (PIs) and 12.8% to integrase strand transfer inhibitors. The most common metabolic abnormality among PLHIV was HDL hypocholesterolemia (60.2%) followed by hypertriglyceridemia (45.5%). Of all the 2,231 individuals, 68.8% had at least one component of MetS. The overall prevalence of MetS was 23.6% (95% confidence interval 21.9%–25.4%). Of the 526 with MetS, the most common combination was HDL hypocholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension (51.0%), followed by HDL hypocholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and diabetes (25.1%). Compared with PLHIV without MetS, a significantly higher proportion of those with MetS were ever on protease inhibitors (33.5% vs. 27.1%). Conclusion MetS is common in PLHIV. In view of the progressive aging of HIV-infected population and long-term use of cART, regular monitoring for metabolic abnormalities, surveillance of drug effects and behavioural interventions are needed to optimize management and prevention of metabolic disorders in PLHIV.

Responses to Thalidomide Combined with Prednisone Therapy for Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3623-3623
Author(s):  
Shenxian Qian ◽  
Junfeng Tan ◽  
Pengfei Shi ◽  
Gaqian Gao
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Myeloid Metaplasia ◽  
Baseline Status ◽  
Myelofibrosis With Myeloid Metaplasia ◽  
Sequential Phase

Abstract Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) is currently classified as a classic (i.e. not yet molecularly defined) myeloproliferative disorder (MPD), along with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV). All three MPDs represent stem-cell-derived clonal myeloproliferation that, in the case of MMM, is accompanied by an intense bone marrow stromal reaction that includes collagen fibrosis, osteosclerosis, and angiogenesis. To present the results of a long-term analysis of 2 sequential phase 2 trials of thalidomide (alone or in combination) for palliation of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM). We analyzed (March 2003 to August 2005) initial and long-term outcomes from 33 patients with symptomatic MMM who had enrolled in either our thalidomide single-agent trial (n=12) or our trial of low-dose thalidomide (50 mg/d) combined with prednisone (n=21). Among the 33 study patients, 18 (54%) showed some improvement in their clinical course. Response rates for specific end points included improvements in anemia (12 of 33 [36%]), thrombocytopenia (8 of 12 [66%]), or splenomegaly (5 of 30 [17%]). The combination of low-dose thalidomide and prednisone, as opposed to single-agent thalidomide, was better tolerated and more efficacious. After a median follow-up of 17 months (range, 9–27 months), 10 of 33 patients (33%) showed an ongoing response, including 8 patients in whom protocol treatment has been discontinued for a median of 21 months (range, 16–27 months). Durable treatment responses were documented for only anemia and thrombocytopenia. Treatment response was not affected by the baseline status of bone marrow fibrosis, angiogenesis, osteosclerosis, cytogenetics. Unusual drug effects, all reversible, included leukocytosis (8 patients) and/or thrombocytosis (6 patients). Thalidomide (alone or combined with prednisone) is an effective first-line treatment of symptomatic anemia or thrombocytopenia in MMM. Thalidomide-based therapy has the potential to produce durable responses in MMM-associated cytopenias, even after discontinuation of the drug.

Effects of Long Term Exposure to Tone Pulse Noise on Human Sleep

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Townsend ◽  
Laverne C. Johnson ◽  
Alain Muzet
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Noise ◽  
Human Sleep ◽  
Tone Pulse

scholarly journals Is 60 Days of Ciprofloxacin Administration Necessary for Postexposure Prophylaxis for Bacillus anthracis?

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 3973-3979 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Drusano ◽  
Olanrewaju O. Okusanya ◽  
Adedoyin Okusanya ◽  
Brian Van Scoy ◽  
D. L. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Postexposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Spore Population ◽  
Drug Pharmacokinetics

ABSTRACT Sixty days of ciprofloxacin administration at 500 mg every 12 h is currently recommended for the prophylaxis of inhalational exposure to Bacillus anthracis. We examined Bacillus anthracis (Δ-Sterne strain) in our hollow-fiber infection model. We measured the ciprofloxacin concentrations achieved and the number of organisms present before heat shock (total population) and after heat shock (spore population). We fit a mathematical model to these data. Monte Carlo simulation with differing initial spore burdens (3, 5, and 6.9 log10 CFU/ml) demonstrated that 35 days of this regimen would completely clear the spore burden in 95% of patients. Durations of 110 days did not achieve 99.9% eradication, irrespective of initial burden, because of between-patient variance in drug pharmacokinetics. Given the absence of person-to-person transmission for Bacillus anthracis, adverse drug effects with long-term ciprofloxacin administration, and the possibility of engendering resistance in bodily flora, shorter prophylaxis duration should be given consideration, along with careful monitoring of all exposed individuals.

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