Role of Non-Specific and Immune Factors During Viral Infection

2015 ◽  
pp. 412-429
Author(s):  
M. Worthington ◽  
S. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Immune Factors

Role of Memory T Cells in Influenza Viral Infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Rabih Halwani ◽  
Mehrnoosh Doroudchi ◽  
Mohamed El-Far ◽  
Andre Tanel ◽  
Yu Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Influenza Viral Infection

scholarly journals Role of Alternative Splicing in Regulating Host Response to Viral Infection

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1720
Author(s):  
Kuo-Chieh Liao ◽  
Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Rna Splicing ◽  
Type I ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Host Virus Interactions

The importance of transcriptional regulation of host genes in innate immunity against viral infection has been widely recognized. More recently, post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms have gained appreciation as an additional and important layer of regulation to fine-tune host immune responses. Here, we review the functional significance of alternative splicing in innate immune responses to viral infection. We describe how several central components of the Type I and III interferon pathways encode spliced isoforms to regulate IFN activation and function. Additionally, the functional roles of splicing factors and modulators in antiviral immunity are discussed. Lastly, we discuss how cell death pathways are regulated by alternative splicing as well as the potential role of this regulation on host immunity and viral infection. Altogether, these studies highlight the importance of RNA splicing in regulating host–virus interactions and suggest a role in downregulating antiviral innate immunity; this may be critical to prevent pathological inflammation.

COVID-19 and nutritional deficiency: a review of existing knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Meghana Muthuvattur Pallath ◽  
Ashok Kumar Ahirwar ◽  
Satyendra Chandra Tripathi ◽  
Priyanka Asia ◽  
Apurva Sakarde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Antibody Affinity ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract COVID-19 has resulted in an ongoing global pandemic, which spread largely among people who have had close contact with the infected person. The immunopathology of the SARS-CoV-2 virus includes the production of an excess amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines “a cytokine-storm”. The respiratory system (main), cardiovascular system and the gastrointestinal tract are the most affected body systems during viral infection. It has been found that most of the patients who require admission to hospital are elderly or have chronic underlying diseases. Higher cases of malnutrition and co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases are reported in elderly patients due to which, the immune system weakens and hence, the response to the virus is diminished in magnitude. A deficiency of micronutrients results in impaired immune responses leading to improper secretion of cytokines, alterations in secretory antibody response and antibody affinity which increases susceptibility to viral infection. The deficiency of various micronutrients in COVID-19 patient can be treated by appropriate nutritional supplements, prescribed after evaluating the patients’ nutritional status. Here we aim to highlight the role of a few particular nutrients namely Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Omega-3 fatty acids, Zinc and Magnesium along with the synergistic roles they play in enhancing immunity and thus, maintaining homeostasis.

scholarly journals Essential Role of Quantum Science and Nanoscience in Antiviral Strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Zare ◽  
Mika Sillanpää ◽  
Seeram Ramakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Quantum Science

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) caused the pandemic COVID-19 disease since December 2019 highlights the importance of developing efficient antiviral strategies to prevent and treat viral infection. Virus...

The role of innate immune factors in acute myeloid leukemia before and after chemotherapy

Therapy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4_2021 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Vinnitskaya A.B. Vinnitskaya ◽  
Svitich O.A. Svitich ◽  
Golenkov A.K. Golenkov ◽  
Klinushkina E.F. Klinushkina ◽  
Zaitseva T.A. Zaitseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Immune Factors ◽  
Acute Myeloid

scholarly journals Epigenetic Changes in the Regulation of Nicotiana tabacum Response to Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infection and Symptom Recovery through Single-Base Resolution Methylomes

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenguang Wang ◽  
Chaonan Wang ◽  
Wenjie Xu ◽  
Jingze Zou ◽  
Yanhong Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Reduced Representation ◽  
Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing ◽  
Symptom Recovery

Plants have evolved multiple mechanisms to respond to viral infection. These responses have been studied in detail at the level of host immune response and antiviral RNA silencing (RNAi). However, the possibility of epigenetic reprogramming has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we identified the role of DNA methylation during viral infection and performed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) on tissues of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-infected Nicotiana tabacum at various developmental stages. Differential methylated regions are enriched with CHH sequence contexts, 80% of which are located on the gene body to regulate gene expression in a temporal style. The methylated genes depressed by methyltransferase inhibition largely overlapped with methylated genes in response to viral invasion. Activation in the argonaute protein and depression in methyl donor synthase revealed the important role of dynamic methylation changes in modulating viral clearance and resistance signaling. Methylation-expression relationships were found to be required for the immune response and cellular components are necessary for the proper defense response to infection and symptom recovery.

The possible role of penaeidin5 from the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, in protection against viral infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noppawan Woramongkolchai ◽  
Premruethai Supungul ◽  
Anchalee Tassanakajon
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Black Tiger Shrimp ◽  
Tiger Shrimp

scholarly journals Role of cytoskeletal motor proteins in viral infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 810-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Słońska ◽  
Rafał Polowy ◽  
Anna Golke ◽  
Joanna Cymerys
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Motor Proteins
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