Eventual Control of Clinical Leukemia1

2015 ◽  
pp. 1227-1235
Author(s):  
J. H. Burchenal ◽  
M. D. Dowling ◽  
Martha T. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Eventual Control

Worldwide Control of Hepatitis B Virus: An Approaching Reality?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 851-852
Author(s):  
DONALD P. FRANCIS
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Subsaharan Africa ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Eventual Control

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related diseases, which include acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, and primary liver cancer, are major problems throughout much of the world. During the past several years, safe and effective HBV vaccines have been produced that have opened the way for the eventual control of these diseases. Although of use throughout the world, the greatest need for HBV vaccine is in east Asia and subsaharan Africa where the vast majority of the population is infected with this virus by early adulthood.1 Early in HBV vaccine history, the late Dr Maupas and his colleagues2 showed that the control of HBV infection in the developing world was possible.

scholarly journals An experiment to study and control the Langmuir sheath around INTERBALL-2

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1086-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Torkar ◽  
M. V. Veselov ◽  
V. V. Afonin ◽  
H. Arends ◽  
M. Fehringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Space Plasma Physics ◽  
Ambient Plasma ◽  
Spacecraft Potential ◽  
First Results ◽  
Instruments And Techniques ◽  
And Control ◽  
Eventual Control

Abstract. The satellite INTERBALL-2 has an orbit with high inclination (62.8°), covering the altitude range between a few hundred and about 20000 km. The ambient plasma conditions along this orbit are highly variable, and the interactions of this plasma with the spacecraft body as well as the photo-electron sheath around it are considered to be interesting topics for detailed studies. The electric potential of the spacecraft with respect to the ambient plasma that develops as a result of the current equilibrium reacts sensitively to variations of the boundary conditions. The measurement and eventual control of this potential is a prerequisite for accurate measurements of the thermal plasma. We describe the purpose and technical implementation of an ion emitter instrument on-board INTERBALL-2 utilising ion beams at energies of several thousand electron volts in order to reduce and stabilise the positive spacecraft potential. First results of the active ion beam experiments, and other measures taken on INTERBALL-2 to reduce charging are presented. Furthermore, the approach and initial steps of modelling efforts of the sheath in the vicinity of the INTERBALL-2 spacecraft are described together with some estimates on the resulting spacecraft potential, and effects on thermal ion measurements. It is concluded that even moderate spacecraft potentials as are commonly observed on-board INTERBALL-2 can significantly distort the measurements of ion distribution functions, especially in the presence of strongly anisotropic distributions.Key words. Space plasma physics (active perturbation experiments; spacecraft sheaths · wakes · charging; instruments and techniques).

scholarly journals Viola arguta (Violaceae), una especie de la medicina tradicional ecuatoriana

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Juan Marcelo Carpio Arévalo
Keyword(s):  
Eventual Control

Ecuador se reconoce desde la Constitución del año 1998 como un país pluricultural y multiétnico y que además está ubicado en uno de los sitios de mayor megabiodiversidad del planeta. Dentro de esa biodiversidad, Viola arguta es una planta endémica del país, que crece en la zona cordillerana, a altitudes de 1500 a 3500 msm, en las provincias de Zamora-Chinchipe, Azuay, Bolívar, Cañar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Imbabura, Loja, Morona-Santiago, Pichincha. Conocida como violeta del campo o violeta roja, es utilizada tradicionalmente para el tratamiento de diversas afecciones, entre ellas algunas relacionadas con la capacidad antiinflamatoria que se le atribuye. Hasta donde sabemos, no existen hasta el momento datos botánicos que permitan su reconocimiento, ni información sobre su composición química y actividades biológicas que justifiquen su empleo en terapéutica. A fin de proveer elementos de diagnóstico que contribuyan a su identificación, y eventual control de calidad, así como contribuir a su estudio fitoquímico se encara el análisis micrográfico de esta especie, así como se efectúan los ensayos fitoquímicos preliminares, detección de metabolitos secundarios característicos del género Viola y la determinación de la acción antioxidante y actividad antiinflamatoria.

Plutella maculipennis, Curt., its natural and biological Control in England

1938 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eliot Hardy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Eventual Control

1. Plutella maculipennis, Curt., a widespread Lepidopterous pest of Brassica was introduced into New Zealand about sixty years ago. In most countries a high degree of natural control is maintained, but in New Zealand the moth population is permanently maintained at a high level. Investigation showed that in New Zealand there were no natural enemies of importance, while in other areas these are constantly associated with Plutella.2. The distribution of the moth throughout the world is exceedingly wide, but in England it only occasionally reaches pest proportions.3. Preliminary work indicated that two Campoplegines, Angitia cerophaga and A. fenestralis, constantly parasitized large numbers of the Plutella larvae. Initial efforts were devoted to collecting and breeding a large supply of these in England for introduction into New Zealand as controlling agents.4. From several thousand specimens of Plutella, fourteen species of parasites were recovered, of which eight were hyperparasites. The only parasites which were numerically important were the two parasites, Angitia cerophaga and A. fenestralis. Their efficiency is not impaired to any appreciable extent by hyperparasites. A key showing the diagnostic differences of the parasites and hyperparasites of Plutella is given.5. These two species of Angitia are commonly recorded as parasites of Plutella throughout the world, although under different names. A large quantity was bred in the laboratory and despatched to New Zealand after overcoming certain difficulties connected with transport. It appears that both species of parasite must overwinter in other hosts than Plutella.6. Certain experiments were performed in an endeavour to assess some of the effects of climate. The upper limiting temperature of Plutella is approximately 40°C. and the lower limit for breeding purposes about 10°C. All stages of the moth can survive short periods of cold greater than 10°C., but it is believed that hibernation is normally accomplished in the adult stage. As the immature stages of the moth live in a specialised microclimate of high humidity, changes in the moisture content of the general atmosphere have little effect. Rain, if appearing at certain critical times in the life-cycle, may be a controlling agent.7. The most favourable areas for multiplication of the moth appear to be in the sub-tropics and warmer temperate zones. It is suggested that Plutella originated in the Mediteranean region.8. Even in the cooler temperate countries the climate would allow an indefinite increase in the moth. It is believed that an effective check on this multiplication is supplied by parasites.9. As the climate of England and New Zealand are essentially similar there is reason to suppose that the introduction of parasites from the former country will lead to eventual control being obtained in New Zealand.

scholarly journals The prevention and eradication of smallpox: a commentary on Sloane (1755) ‘An account of inoculation’

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1666) ◽  
pp. 20140378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin A. Weiss ◽  
José Esparza
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Effective Procedure ◽  
Eventual Control ◽  
350Th Anniversary

Sir Hans Sloane's account of inoculation as a means to protect against smallpox followed several earlier articles published in Philosophical Transactions on this procedure. Inoculation (also called ‘variolation’) involved the introduction of small amounts of infectious material from smallpox vesicles into the skin of healthy subjects, with the goal of inducing mild symptoms that would result in protection against the more severe naturally acquired disease. It began to be practised in England in 1721 thanks to the efforts of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu who influenced Sloane to promote its use, including the inoculation of the royal family's children. When Edward Jenner's inoculation with the cow pox (‘vaccination’) followed 75 years later as a safer yet equally effective procedure, the scene was set for the eventual control of smallpox epidemics culminating in the worldwide eradication of smallpox in 1977, officially proclaimed by WHO in 1980. Here, we discuss the significance of variolation and vaccination with respect to scientific, public health and ethical controversies concerning these ‘weapons of mass protection’. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society .

scholarly journals Network pharmacology of lycopene and Molecular Docking with Top Hub Proteins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Paudel ◽  
Umme Hani ◽  
Nagendra Prasad Awasthi ◽  
Manjunatha Hanumantappa ◽  
Rangaswamy Lakshminarayan
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Eventual Control

AbstractBackgroundLycopene is one of the potent antioxidants in the family of carotenoids that scavenges Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) singlet oxygen which has been associated with various pathological consequences including atherosclerosis myocardial infarction, and stroke and Sex hormone-induced cancers like breast cancer, endometrial cancer and prostate cancer. As multiple pathways are involved in the manifestation of aforementioned diseases initiated at the behest of ROS, it would be appropriate to understand the likely pathways triggered by the ROS and its eventual control by the action of lycopene through network pharmacology study, a robust paradigm for drug discovery via modulation of multiple targets.Results124 proteins were mined from CTD and STITCH databases, which showed some relationship with lycopene, among them strong association was found with TP53, STAT3 and CDK1 proteins. Lycopene showed a strong affinity with these proteins by hydrophobic interactions.ConclusionThe topological analysis of a network created by the lycopene relevant genes showed its role as a potential therapeutic agent in cancer which further requires in vitro and in vivo studies to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals In vitro primer reporte del efecto de nutrimentos y del silicio en el crecimiento de Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, un patógeno de Pseudotsuga menziesii

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Velázquez-Mendoza ◽  
Oscar Javier Salgado-Feregrino ◽  
María de Jesús Yáñez-Morales ◽  
Marcos Jiménez-Casas
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Eventual Control

<p class="Pa2">El desarrollo de <em>Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii</em>, Ascomycota, causante del Tizón Suizo del follaje de Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsu gamenziesii</em>), es influenciado por la composición nutrimental de las acículas. El objetivo del estudio fue examinar el efecto de diferentes elementos esenciales, macro­nutrimentos y micronutrimentos, para las plantas y del silicio (Si), sobre el crecimiento <em>in vitro </em>de <em>P. gaeumannii. </em>Con diferentes nutrimentos y Si se establecieron dos experimentos completamente alazar. El primero fue el cultivo del hongo en Extracto de Malta-Agar al 2 % con 10 tratamientos, y se cal­culó la Tasa de Crecimiento Relativo instantánea; y el segundo fue en medio líquido de Papa Dextrosa con 21 tratamientos, y se midió masa del micelio. Los macronutrimentos favorecieron el crecimiento de <em>P. gaeumannii</em>. En contraste los micronutrimen­tos Cu, Mn y Zn inhibieron el desarrollo del hongo en dosis doble. En general, el Si inhibió el creci­miento del hongo. La solución nutritiva completa de macronutrimentos + micronutrimentos más 250 y 1000 ppm de Si, indicaron que estas formulacio­nes pueden contribuir para eventual control de <em>P. gaeumannii</em>. Este ensayo preliminar <em>in vitro, </em>al pa­recer es el primer estudio. </p>

Why Operant Audiometry—A Consideration of Some Shortcomings Fundamental to the Audiological Testing of Children

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. St. James-Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Behavioral State ◽  
Test Situation ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Auditory Response ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Audiometric Test ◽  
Eventual Control ◽  
Over Time

Any attempt to assess the auditory pathway via the measurement of response ability must include in its conception of “auditory pathway” some measure or control of behavioral state and response experience. Over time the feedback deficit an inefficient pathway produces will reduce the functional importance of sound to the individual with the deficit. Any measure of the individual’s auditory response will include a consequent reluctance to use sound as an important component, where this reluctance is a complex variable affected by the experience and behavioral state of the child as well as by the test environment and the audiologist. The paper attempts to indicate the importance of this variability in the audiometric test situation and to outline methods to make possible its measurement and eventual control.

A novel push trap element to manage carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): a laboratory trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Thwaites ◽  
B. B. Smith ◽  
M. Decelis ◽  
D. Fleer ◽  
A. Conallin
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Laboratory Trial ◽  
Downstream Section ◽  
The Common ◽  
Eventual Control

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) cause detrimental changes to aquatic ecosystems and are a declared pest fish in several countries. Despite existing management options, the development of new technologies is desirable as the range of the common carp is predicted to expand and their eventual control will rely on an integrated approach. The present paper describes a laboratory trial of a novel ‘finger style’ push trap element designed to catch carp ≥250 mm total length (TL). Forty-five adult carp (mean length: 603.0 ± 74.9 mm s.d. TL) were placed into the downstream section of a 7.25-m flume and exposed to three stimuli (water level manipulation, flow and light) to encourage upstream movement towards the push trap element. Forty-one carp (91.1%) pushed through the trap element over 16 h and none escaped. Only an average of ~5% of carp’s known pushing capacity was needed to push through the ‘fingers’ and enter the trap, and modelling suggested that a 250-mm TL carp would need to exert ~22% of its pushing capacity. The results confirm that the push trap element design is matched to the morphology and ecology of carp and, pending field validation trials, promises success as a novel management option.

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