Shoulder Pain in Competitive, Age-Group Swimmers1

Author(s):  
D. M. Burchfield ◽  
S. S. Cofield ◽  
R. H. Cofield
Keyword(s):  
2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Lyman ◽  
Glenn S. Fleisig ◽  
James R. Andrews ◽  
E. David Osinski

Background Joint pain is thought to be an early sign of injury to a pitcher. Objective To evaluate the association between pitch counts, pitch types, and pitching mechanics and shoulder and elbow pain in young pitchers. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Four hundred and seventy-six young (ages 9 to 14 years) baseball pitchers were followed for one season. Data were collected from pre- and postseason questionnaires, injury and performance interviews after each game, pitch count logs, and video analysis of pitching mechanics. Generalized estimating equations and logistic regression analysis were used. Results Half of the subjects experienced elbow or shoulder pain during the season. The curveball was associated with a 52% increased risk of shoulder pain and the slider was associated with an 86% increased risk of elbow pain. There was a significant association between the number of pitches thrown in a game and during the season and the rate of elbow pain and shoulder pain. Conclusions Pitchers in this age group should be cautioned about throwing breaking pitches (curveballs and sliders) because of the increased risk of elbow and shoulder pain. Limitations on pitches thrown in a game and in a season can also reduce the risk of pain. Further evaluation of pain and pitching mechanics is necessary.


Author(s):  
Mafra Raiele Torres Oliveira ◽  
Vivianne Camila Souza Bastos ◽  
Lívia Shirahige Gomes do Nascimento ◽  
Maria de Fátima Alcântara Barros ◽  
Antonio Geraldo Cidrão de Carvalho ◽  
...  

Introduction: Adhesive capsulitis, also called frozen shoulder, affects about 3-5% of the population, especially in the age group 40 to 60 years, affecting more women and having an insidious onset. Objective: Analyze the isolated effect of joint manipulation by Maitland method in treating patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, the level of pain, range of motions of the shoulder and functional capacity. Method: It is about a cases studies in which four volunteers underwent protocol Maitland to shoulder for 15 sessions. The evaluation instruments used were the Visual Analog Scale, Goniometer and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index to measure the level of disability of the shoulder. Results: There was decreased pain from 55.5 to 80.0%, increased all range of motions, especially flexion of the shoulder, with more than 100% gains in the four cases investigated and improved functional capacity between 27.9 – 91.9%. Conclusion: These results suggest that the therapy had improved outcomes assessed, as clinically relevant contribution, but indicate the need to develop more studies to prove the effectiveness of the method isolated.


1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlys Mitchell ◽  
Carolyn Evans ◽  
John Bernard

Twelve trainable mentally retarded children were given six weeks of instruction in the use of adjectives, polars, and locative prepositions. Specially prepared Language Master cards constituted the program. Posttests indicated that children in the older chronological age group earned significantly higher scores than those in the younger group. Children in the younger group made significant increases in scores, particularly in learning prepositions. A multisensory approach and active involvement in learning appeared to be major factors in achievement gains.


2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 624-624
Author(s):  
John P. Cashy ◽  
Stacy Loeb ◽  
Kimberly A. Roehl ◽  
William J. Catalona
Keyword(s):  

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