Hormonal and Dietary Control of Hepatic Glutamine Catabolism1

2015 ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Brosnan ◽  
H. Stephen Ewart ◽  
Stephen A. Squires ◽  
Stephen H. Day ◽  
Zoran Kovacevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Control

Effectiveness of Medication Review Services on Diabetes Self-Care in Primary Care Patients (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tay Siew Cheng Sarah ◽  
Lim Jit Fan Christina ◽  
Tan Soo Chieng Daphne ◽  
Tan Seok Yee Maureen ◽  
Chen Jieying Cordelia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Medication Review ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Effective Intervention ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Glucose Management

BACKGROUND Diabetes is one of the most common medical conditions referred to medication review service run by pharmacists, OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine whether pharmacist-run MRS can be an effective intervention tool to improve patients’ participation in self-care of diabetes. METHODS This randomised controlled study was conducted in five public primary healthcare centres from December 2014 to October 2016. Participants were 40 to 80 years of age and had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. These participants were prescribed with five or more chronic medications, of which at least one was an antidiabetic medication, by the primary healthcare centres’ doctors. The participants were randomly recruited into the intervention or control arm. A self-developed questionnaire which incorporated the validated Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) was administered face-to-face by the study team to the participants prior to and after MRS. MRS was not administered to participants in the control group. RESULTS A total of 221 participants completed the follow up. There were 105 participants in the control arm and 116 in the intervention arm. The DSMQ Sum Scale score of the control group improved by 0.16 ± 1.11 (p= 0.136) while the intervention group improved by 0.40 ± 0.99 (p=0.000). Participants in the intervention group reported a better improvement in their self-care of diabetes, specifically in glucose management (0.38± 1.35, p=0.003), dietary control (0.26±1.66, p=0.096) and physical activity (0.67±2.36, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Pharmacist-run MRS is an effective intervention tool to improve participants’ self-care of diabetes, particularly in glucose management, dietary control and physical activity.

Dietary Control of Diabetes

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
Jean Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Control ◽  
Control Of Diabetes

Is the child at risk? Cardiovascular remodelling in children born to diabetic mothers

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Hoodbhoy ◽  
Nuruddin Mohammed ◽  
Nadeem Aslam ◽  
Urooj Fatima ◽  
Salima Ashiqali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
In Utero ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Systolic And Diastolic Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

AbstractObjective:The objective of this study was to assess differences in myocardial systolic and diastolic function and vascular function in children 2−5 years of age born to diabetic as compared to non-diabetic mothers.Methods:This study was a retrospective cohort conducted in 2016 at The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. It included children between 2 and 5 years of age born to mothers with and without exposure to diabetes in utero (n = 68 in each group) and who were appropriate for gestational age. Myocardial morphology and function using echocardiogram and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and pulse wave velocity was performed to evaluate cardiac function as well as macrovascular remodelling in these children. Multiple linear regression was used to compare the groups.Results:There was no significant difference in cardiac morphology, myocardial systolic and diastolic function, and macrovascular assessment between the exposed and unexposed groups of AGA children. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a significantly decreased mitral E/A ratio in children whose mothers were on medications as compared to those on dietary control (median [IQR] = 1.7 [1.6–1.9] and 1.56 [1.4–1.7], respectively, p = 0.02), and a higher cIMT in children whose mothers were on medication as compared to controls (0.48 [0.44–0.52] and 0.46 [0.44–0.50], respectively, p = 0.03).Conclusion:In utero exposure to uncontrolled maternal diabetes has an effect on the cardiovascular structure and function in children aged 2−5 years. However, future work requires long-term follow-up from fetal to adult life to assess these changes over the life course.

scholarly journals Uric acid is associated with adiposity factors, especially with fat mass reduction during weight loss in obese children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Niu ◽  
Xue-lin Zhao ◽  
Hui-juan Ruan ◽  
Xiao-meng Mao ◽  
Qing-ya Tang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Current adult studies suggest that uric acid (UA) is associated with body fat, but the relationship in obese children is unclear. Thus, we aim to evaluate the association between uric acid and body composition of obese children. Methods A total of 79 obese children were included in this study, and 52 children (34 boys and 18 girls) underwent a 6-week weight loss camp, including 34 boys and 18 girls. Six-week weight-loss interventions were performed on all participants through aerobic exercise and appropriate dietary control. Laboratory tests and body composition were collected before and after the intervention. Results Before the intervention, correlation analysis demonstrated that uric acid was positively correlated with height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, fat mass (FM), and free fat mass (FFM) with adjusting for age and gender (P < 0.05). After 6 weeks of intervention, the participants gained 3.12 ± 0.85 cm in height, body fat percentage decreased by 7.23 ± 1.97%, and lost 10.30 ± 2.83 kg in weight. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that uric acid at baseline was associated with FM reduction during weight loss (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study is the first report that uric acid is associated with BMI and FM, and may play an important role in the reduction of FM during weight loss in obese children and adolescents. The interaction between UA and adiposity factors and its underlying mechanisms need to be further explored. Trial registration This study was registered in Clinical Trials.gov (NCT03490448) and approved by the Ethics Committee of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.

scholarly journals Dietary Control of Serum Cholesterol in Clinical Practice

Circulation ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1415-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMAN JOLLIFFE ◽  
ETHEL MASLANSKY ◽  
FLORENCE RUDENSEY ◽  
MARTHA SIMON ◽  
ALICE FAULKNER
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Control

Differential Diagnosis of Variant Forms of Hyperphenylalaninemia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-842
Author(s):  
Seymour Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Dihydropteridine Reductase ◽  
Blood Phenylalanine ◽  
Neurologic Deterioration

In 1975, a form of hyperphenylalaninemia was described in which neurologic deterioration occurs despite dietary control of the elevated blood phenylalanine levels.1 Subsequently, it was demonstrated that this condition can be caused by defects in the phenylalanine hydroxylase system other than in phenylalanine hydroxylase itself, ie, by a tissue deficiency of dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR)2,3 or of biopterin.4 Since then, research in the field of these newer, unresponsive variants of phenylketonuria (PKU) has moved ahead swiftly. The treatment for these forms of hyperphenyl-alaninemia, which have been estimated to account for about 10% of the total, is different from that used for classic PKU.

THIAMINE-RESPONSIVE LACTIC ACIDOSIS IN A PATIENT WITH DEFICIENT LOW-KM PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY IN LIVER

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-711
Author(s):  
Michèle G. Brunette ◽  
Edgard Delvin ◽  
Bernard Hazel ◽  
Charles R. Scriver
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Cultured Skin ◽  
Carbohydrate Feeding ◽  
Partial Deficiency

The cause of severe intermittent lactic acidosis was investigated in a female infant with profound psychomotor retardation. Hypoglycemia, hyperpyruvic acidemia, and hyperalaninemia were identified in the newborn period. A triad of lactate, pyruvate, and alanine accumulation persisted throughout infancy, and ACTH, anorexia, and high carbohydrate feeding further provoked their accumulation. Careful dietary control or thiamine-HCl supplementation (5 to 20 mg/day) ameliorated the metabolic abnormality. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity (which is thiamine-dependent) was normal in leukocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts. Hepatic pyruvate carboxylase activity (which is biotin-dependent) was found to comprise more than one component. There was a partial deficiency of total hepatic pyruvate carboxylase activity in the patient. The loss of activity was confined to the low-Km component of the enzyme which serves pvruvate metabolism in the physiological range. A defect in glucogenesis causing hypoglycemia, pyruvate accumulation with lactic acidosis, and aberrant amino acid metabolism can be attributed to the abnormality of pyruvate carboxylase. The response to thiamine in our patients may reflect activation of a normal "shunt" mechanism for pyruvate disposal via pyruvate dehydrogenase.

scholarly journals Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Abha City, South Western Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alsabaani ◽  
Ahmed Mahfouz ◽  
Nabil Awadalla ◽  
Mustafa Musa ◽  
Suliman Al Humayed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Abha City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Using a cross-sectional study design, a representative sample of 245 T2DM patients were recruited from all primary healthcare centers in Abha city. A detailed medical history as well as laboratory investigations were done. NAFLD was diagnosed using abdominal ultrasound examination. The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 72.8% (95% CI: 66.6%–78.1%). In a multivariable regression analysis, the risk of NAFLD was significantly higher among overweight T2DM patients (aOR = 6.112, 95% CI: 1.529–4.432), Obese (aOR = 10.455, 95% CI: 2.645–41.326), with high ALT of more than 12 IU/L (aOR = 2.335, 95% CI: 1.096–5.062), moderate diet-compliant patients (aOR = 2.413, 95% CI: 1.003–5.805) and poor diet-compliant patients (aOR = 6.562, 95% CI: 2.056–20.967). On the other hand, high HDL (high density cholesterol) (in mg/dL) was a protective factor for NAFLD (aOR = 0.044, 95% CI: 0.005–0.365). It was concluded that NAFLD is a common association of T2DM. Increasing BMI (Body mass index), lower HDL level, and poor dietary control are significant factors associated with NAFLD among T2DM patients. Health education to improve dietary control and avoid excessive weight gain, testing for NAFLD among diabetic patients, especially those with abnormal BMI and HDL, are recommended for early detection and to ensure optimal levels of HDL.

scholarly journals Farnesol, a Sesquiterpene Alcohol in Herbal Plants, Exerts Anti-Inflammatory and Antiallergic Effects on Ovalbumin-Sensitized and -Challenged Asthmatic Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Mei Ku ◽  
Jin-Yuarn Lin
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Cytokine Secretion ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Allergic Asthmatic ◽  
Antiallergic Effect ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Necrosis Factor

To investigate the effect of farnesol on allergic asthma, three farnesol doses were extra-added into AIN-76 feed consumed by ovalbumin- (OVA-) sensitized and -challenged mice continuously for 5 weeks, at approximately 5, 25, and 100 mg farnesol/kg, BW/day. The results showed that there were no significant differences in body weight, feed intake, and visceral organ weights between the farnesol supplementation and dietary control groups. Farnesol supplementation decreased interleukin (IL)-6/IL-10 level ratios in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Farnesol supplementation significantly (P<0.05) restored the cytokine secretion ability of peritoneal macrophages that was suppressed as a result of OVA sensitization and challenge and slightly decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)/IL-10 cytokine secretion ratios. Farnesol supplementation slightly (P>0.05) decreased IL-4 but significantly (P<0.05) increased IL-2 levels secreted by the splenocytes in the presence of OVA, implying that farnesol might have a systemic antiallergic effect on allergic asthmatic mice. Farnesol supplementation significantly (P<0.05) increased IL-10 levels secreted by the splenocytes in the presence of OVA, suggesting that farnesol might have an anti-inflammatory potential to allergic asthmatic mice. Overall, our results suggest that farnesol supplementation may be beneficial to improve the Th2-skewed allergic asthmatic inflammation.

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