Assessment of Renal Function: Accurate Determination of Glomerular Filtration Rate, Renal Plasma Flow and Extracellular Fluid Volume

2015 ◽  
pp. 257-260
Author(s):  
G. Pacini ◽  
K. Thomaseth ◽  
M. Sambataro ◽  
R. Nosadini ◽  
G. Crepaldi
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume

Clinical Renal Function Testing by External Double Isotope Monitoring Technique

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
J. Fog Pedersen ◽  
M. Fog Pedersen ◽  
Paul Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Effective Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

SummaryAn accurate catheter-free technique for clinical determination simultaneouslyof glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow by means of radioisotopes has been developed. The renal function is estimated by the amount of radioisotopes necessary to maintain a constant concentration in the patient’s blood. The infusion pumps are steered by a feedback system, the pumps being automatically turned on when the radiation measured over the patient’s head falls below a certain preset level and turned off when this level is again readied. 131I-iodopyracet was used for the estimation of effective renal plasma flow and125I-iothalamate estimation of the glomerular filtration rate. These clearances were compared to the conventional bladder clearances and good correlation was found between these two clearance methods (correlation coefficients 0.97 and.90 respectively). The advantages and disadvantages of this new clearance technique are discussed.

Effects of a kinin antagonist on renal function in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (3) ◽  
pp. F643-F648
Author(s):  
M. Nakagawa ◽  
J. M. Stewart ◽  
R. J. Vavrek ◽  
A. Nasjletti
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Neutral Endopeptidase ◽  
Kinin Receptor

We contrasted the effects of D-Arg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-Ser-DPhe-Thi-Arg-TFA (kinin receptor antagonist), of aprotinin (kallikrein inhibitor), and of combined treatment with captopril (kininase II inhibitor) and phosphoramidon (neutral endopeptidase 24.11 inhibitor) on renal function of rats with and without 14-day deoxycorticosterone pretreatment (DOC, 25 mg.kg-1.wk-1 sc). Neither the kinin antagonist nor aprotinin affected renal function in rats with and without DOC pretreatment. Combined treatment with captopril and phosphoramidon caused in rats with and without DOC pretreatment augmentation (P less than 0.05) of kinin excretion (50-64%), glomerular filtration rate (12-11%), and sodium excretion (46-48%). In DOC-pretreated rats undergoing infusion of captopril and phosphoramidon, the superimposed administration of either the kinin antagonist or aprotinin caused the lowering of renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, and sodium excretion. These effects of the kinin antagonist and aprotinin in rats infused with kininase inhibitors may be the consequence of blockade, respectively, of the renal actions and synthesis of kinins that, when in excess, elicit renal vasodilation and increase glomerular filtration rate and sodium excretion. Collectively, these observations suggest regulatory influence of kinins during conditions featuring increased renal kinin levels.

Effects of X-Irradiation on Renal Function of Rats

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Smith ◽  
W. R. Boss
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Irradiation Damage ◽  
X Rays

In a study of the direct effects of irradiation on the renal function of rats whose exteriorized kidneys were exposed to massive doses of x-rays, significant augmentation of the urine flow was observed 28 days after 2500 r. On the 7th day after 2500, 3000 and 4000 r the urine flow was slightly above that of control rats. The glomerular filtration rate was enhanced on the 7th day after 2500 and 3000 r. Conversely, 28 days after these x-ray doses the filtration rate was slightly below the control values. In the 4000-r, 28-day group, the glomerular filtration rate was 43% below that of the controls. No significant changes in the renal plasma flow occurred on the 7th day after 2500, 3000 and 4000 r. An insignificant increase in the renal plasma flow was noted 28 days after 2500 and 3000 r. On the 28th day after 4000 r, however, the renal plasma flow was 51% below that of the controls. We concluded that both augmentation and depression of renal function were the result of the direct action of x-rays on the kidneys. The results also suggest that renal failure resulting from direct irradiation damage to the kidneys is not a major factor that contributes to deaths occurring within 7 days after the exposure of rats to 4000 r or less of whole-body x-rays.

Effects of High- and Low-Osmolar Contrast Media on Renal Plasma Flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Euvolaemic and Dehydrated Rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nygren ◽  
H. R. Ulfendahl ◽  
A. Fasching
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow

The effects of a slow intravenous injection of contrast media (CM) on renal function and haemodynamics were investigated in euvolaemic and dehydrated rats. Iodine-equivalent doses (1600 mg I/kg body weight) of ioxithalamate, ioxaglate, iopamidol and iohexol were used. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were assessed with clearance techniques. In euvolaemic rats no statistically significant decrease in GFR or RPF was found after CM injections. In the dehydrated rats the changes in GFR were more pronounced and this was significantly decreased in the ioxithalamate and iopamidol groups while RPF was still not decreased. This study indicates that dehydration potentiates adverse effects of CM on GFR and that there may be differences between the effects of low-osmolar and high-osmolar CM on GFR and also between different low-osmolar CM.

scholarly journals Extracellular fluid volume: A suitable indexation variable to assess impact of bariatric surgery on glomerular filtration rate in patients with chronic kidney disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256234
Author(s):  
Caroline Grangeon-Chapon ◽  
Audrey Laurain ◽  
Vincent L. M. Esnault ◽  
Coralie Cruzel ◽  
Antonio Iannelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
One Year

Background Bariatric surgery (BS) might be a nephroprotective treatment in obese patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the non-linear relation between body surface area (BSA) and extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) in obese people raises the question of the most relevant way to scale glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for assessing renal function changes after BS. Methods We screened 1774 BS candidates and analysed 10 consecutive participants with CKD stage 3. True GFR (mGFR), measured by the renal clearance of 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), was scaled either to BSA (mGFRBSA) or to ECFV measured by 51Cr-EDTA distribution volume (mGFRECFV) before and one year after BS. Results The 10 candidates for BS had a mean body mass index of 43.3 ± 3.6 kg/m2 and a mean GFR of 48 ± 8 mL/min/1.73 m2. Six participants had a sleeve gastrectomy and four had a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. One year after BS, ECFV decreased (23.2 ± 6.2 to 17.9 ± 4.3 L, p = 0.001), absolute mGFR was not significantly modified (74 ± 23 versus 68 ±19 mL/min), mGFRBSA did not change significantly (53 ± 18 versus 56 ± 17 mL/min/1.73 m2) whereas mGFRECFV significantly increased (42 ± 13 versus 50 ± 14 mL/min/12.9 L, p = 0.037). The relation between mGFRECFV and mGFRBSA was different from the identity line before (p = 0.014) but not after BS (p = 0.09). Conclusion There is a difference between mGFRBSA and mGFRECFV following BS and the latter might better reflect the adequacy between renal function and corpulence.

scholarly journals SERIAL RENAL CLEARANCES IN DOGS WITH NEPHROGENIC AND SPONTANEOUS HYPERTENSION

1949 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stamler ◽  
L. N. Katz ◽  
S. Rodbard
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Spontaneous Hypertension ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Renal Clearances

Evidence is presented on the occurrence of spontaneous hypertension in dogs. All dogs with spontaneous hypertension exhibited normal renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. Clearances on nephrogenic hypertensive dogs revealed that some exhibited normal kidney function, while others had significant depression of renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. In the latter, the filtration fraction may or may not be elevated. Serial renal clearances were done at intervals on 3 dogs with spontaneous hypertension during their 3rd year of known hypertension. They exhibited no tendency to develop impaired renal function in the face of prolonged benign hypertension. Serial renal clearances on nephrogenic hypertensive dogs revealed no tendency for kidney function to become progressively impaired. This was true, whether the immediate postoperative clearance values were normal or depressed. It was also true regardless of the duration of the hypertension. It is suggested that mechanisms other than elevated blood pressure per se operate to produce progressive kidney damage and impairment of renal function. No tendency was revealed over the course of a year or more for the kidney function to improve in Goldblatt dogs exhibiting depressed clearances immediately postoperatively. This is interpreted as evidence against the postoperative development in persistently hypertensive Goldblatt dogs of a renal collateral circulation sufficient to augment significantly effective renal blood flow. Pathological studies on 2 dogs with spontaneous hypertension revealed slight to moderate chronic focal lesions in the kidneys, and bilateral adrenal cortical adenomatous hyperplasia. Both lesions may have no pathogenetic significance. In accord with previous observations, autopsies on 3 Goldblatt dogs revealed minimal renal changes in one, and unilateral kidney atrophy with contralateral hypertrophy in the 2 others. The adrenals were normal. In general, data on renal clearances showed correlation with postmortem kidney findings. However, normal renal clearances are found in the presence of anatomically abnormal kidneys. The findings in canine spontaneous and nephrogenic hypertension are compared and contrasted with data obtained in human essential hypertension. Pathogenetic relationships are discussed.

Effects of IGF-I on renal function in patients with chronic renal failure

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (5) ◽  
pp. F917-F922 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. O'Shea ◽  
S. B. Miller ◽  
M. R. Hammerman
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Kidney Volume ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Reduced Renal Function

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has been shown to increase glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in rats and humans with normal renal function. However, rats with reduced renal function are resistant to these effects. To determine whether IGF-I affects glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in humans with reduced renal function, we administered recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I) to patients with moderate chronic renal failure. Four patients whose baseline inulin clearances were 21.9, 23.2, 34.9, and 55.1 ml.min-1.1.73 m-2 were placed on a 1 g.kg-1.day-1 protein diet and studied over a 10-day period (0-10). On days 4-7, 100 micrograms/kg of rhIGF-I was subcutaneously administered twice daily to the patients. The effects of rhIGF-I on levels of circulating IGF-I, inulin clearance, p-aminohippurate (PAH) clearance, kidney volume, plasma glucose, plasma and urine calcium and phosphate, and urine sodium and protein were determined. Administration of rhIGF-I increased levels of circulating IGF-I, inulin clearances, PAH clearances, and kidney size in each of the four patients receiving the growth factor. IGF-I did not cause weight gain, natriuresis, proteinuria, or hypoglycemia. Plasma calcium and phosphate were not affected by rhIGF-I. However, the percent tubular reabsorption of filtered phosphate was increased. We conclude that administration of rhIGF-I can enhance glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow at least in some humans with moderately reduced renal function. The enhancement is associated with an increase in kidney volume.

scholarly journals RENAL FUNCTION DURING CHRONIC ANEMIA IN MAN

Blood ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
STANLEY E. BRADLEY ◽  
GERALDINE P. BRADLEY
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Fraction ◽  
Chronic Anemia

Abstract 1. Renal function has been studied quantitatively in 15 patients with chronic anemia, 8 of whom were proved to have pernicious anemia. In 7 the anemia was secondary to chronic blood loss, iron deficiency, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and leukemia. The effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were measured by clearance technics; and tubular function, by saturation methods (diodrast Tm and glucose Tm). 2. The effective renal plasma flow, the glomerular filtration rate, and the filtration fraction (percentage of plasma filtered at the glomerulus) were reduced slightly below the normal values in most subjects. The effective renal whole blood flow was always greatly reduced, by 46 per cent on the average in males and by 31.8 per cent in females. 3. Since arterial pressure was not significantly depressed it was concluded that renal vasoconstriction occurs in chronic anemia, possibly as a homeostatic device for the diversion of blood to tissues more sensitive to oxygen lack. The relatively small reduction of filtration fraction implies afferent and efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction with dominance by the afferent arterioles. These changes were shown to be reversible, a return to normal values paralleling the return of the blood picture to normal. 4. Diodrast Tm was reduced significantly in 9 of 10 patients while the values of glucose Tm were normal in 6 of 7 patients. The normal values for glucose Tm indicated continued operation of all glomeruli and implied the absence of shunting or of cessation of blood flow in any significant portion of the kidney. The fall in diodrast Tm, which appeared to be reversible in 2 of 4 individuals, was interpreted as evidence of intracellular dysfunction rather than destruction or inactivation of nephrons.

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